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Cevik Dogan M, Yoldemir T. The association between female sexual function and metabolic features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in Turkish women of reproductive age. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2362249. [PMID: 38913084 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2362249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between female sexual function and metabolic features among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during reproductive age. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study in which 288 women with PCOS and 180 women without PCOS between the ages of 20 and 40 years were evaluated. All women had serum total testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA-S, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels analyzed. The McCoy Female Sexual Questionnaire (MFSQ) was applied to all studied women. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were done after data collection. The factor loadings of MFSQ domains were compared between women with PCOS and controls. RESULTS Average factor loadings of the MFSQ sexuality domain and MFSQ sexual partner domain were significantly lower in the PCOS group when compared to controls. There was no correlation between the two sexual function domains of the MFSQ and the PCOS features either in the PCOS group or the controls. CONCLUSION PCOS is a heterogeneous disease with different metabolic components, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperandrogenism. Although sexual function among women with PCOS was lower than controls, no differences were found in metabolic features of the PCOS and non-PCOS groups with relation to sexual function determined by the MFSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Cevik Dogan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Tuzla State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Yoldemir
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Pinto J, Cera N, Pignatelli D. Psychological symptoms and brain activity alterations in women with PCOS and their relation to the reduced quality of life: a narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1-22. [PMID: 38485896 PMCID: PMC11196322 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common feminine endocrine disorder, characterized by androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The negative impact of symptoms on the quality of life (QoL) of patients is still not clear. PURPOSE The present review aimed at studying the impact of the symptoms, the psychological symptoms, and brain alterations in women with PCOS. METHODS A systematic search was undertaken for studies that assessed the impact of PCOS symptoms on QoL, psychological symptoms, and brain alterations in PCOS patients. RESULTS Most of the information about QoL came from psychometric studies, which used culture-based questionnaires. Alterations of sleep quality, body image, and mood disorders can negatively affect the QoL of the patients. Sexual satisfaction and desire were affected by PCOS. Brain imaging studies showed functional alterations that are associated with impairments of visuospatial working memory, episodic and verbal memory, attention, and executive function. CONCLUSIONS Several factors can negatively influence the quality of life of the patients, and they are directly related to hyperandrogenism and the risk of infertility. In particular, obesity, hirsutism, acne, and the fear of infertility can have a direct impact on self-esteem and sexual function. Metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities, such as mood, anxiety, and eating disorders, can affect the well-being of the patients. Moreover, specific cognitive alterations, such as impairments in attention and memory, can limit PCOS patients in a series of aspects of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pinto
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Cera
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Research Unit in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy, Cross I&D Lisbon Research Center, Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Pignatelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP Research Institute, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Pastoor H, Mousa A, Bolt H, Bramer W, Burgert TS, Dokras A, Tay CT, Teede HJ, Laven J. Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:323-340. [PMID: 38237144 PMCID: PMC11063549 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and distressing endocrine disorder associated with lower quality of life, subfertility, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. PCOS characteristics, its comorbidities, and its treatment can potentially influence sexual function. However, studies on sexual function in women with PCOS are limited and contradictory. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim was to perform a systematic review of the published literature on sexual function in women with PCOS and assess the quality of the research and certainty of outcomes, to inform the 2023 International Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of PCOS. SEARCH METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched until 1 June 2023. Studies reporting on sexual function using validated sexuality questionnaires or visual analogue scales (VAS) in PCOS populations were included. Random-effects models were used for meta-analysis comparing PCOS and non-PCOS groups with Hedges' g as the standardized mean difference. Study quality and certainty of outcomes were assessed by risk of bias assessments and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) method according to Cochrane. Funnel plots were visually inspected for publication bias. OUTCOMES There were 32 articles included, of which 28 used validated questionnaires and four used VAS. Pooled Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores in random-effects models showed worse sexual function across most subdomains in women with PCOS, including arousal (Hedges's g [Hg] [95% CI] = -0.35 [-0.53, -0.17], I2 = 82%, P < 0.001), lubrication (Hg [95% CI] = -0.54 [-0.79, -0.30], I2 = 90%, P < 0.001), orgasm (Hg [95% CI] = -0.37 [-0.56, -0.19], I2 = 83%, P < 0.001), and pain (Hg [95% CI] = -0.36 [-0.59, -0.13] I2 = 90%, P < 0.001), as well as total sexual function (Hg [95% CI] = -0.75 [-1.37, -0.12], I2 = 98%, P = 0.02) and sexual satisfaction (Hg [95% CI] = -0.31 [-0.45, -0.18], I2 = 68%, P < 0.001). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses based on fertility status and body mass index (BMI) did not alter the direction or significance of the results. Meta-analysis on the VAS studies demonstrated the negative impact of excess body hair on sexuality, lower sexual attractiveness, and lower sexual satisfaction in women with PCOS compared to controls, with no differences in the perceived importance of a satisfying sex life. No studies assessed sexual distress. GRADE assessments showed low certainty across all outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Psychosexual function appears to be impaired in those with PCOS, but there is a lack of evidence on the related distress scores, which are required to meet the criteria for psychosexual dysfunction. Health care professionals should discuss sexual function and distress and be aware of the multifactorial influences on sexual function in PCOS. Future research needs to assess both psychosexual function and distress to aid in understanding the degree of psychosexual dysfunction in PCOS. Finally, more diverse populations (e.g. non-heterosexual and more ethnically diverse groups) should be included in future studies and the efficacy of treatments for sexual dysfunction should also be assessed (e.g. lifestyle and pharmacological interventions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Pastoor
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanneke Bolt
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wichor Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tania S Burgert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Penn Medicine, Penn Fertility Care, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chau Thien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joop Laven
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Mernone L, Fiacco S, Ehlert U. Positive body perception and its link to sexual satisfaction in aging women - findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study. J Women Aging 2023; 35:152-167. [PMID: 34882510 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.2002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relation between physical appearance and sexual satisfaction in aging women is scarce. This study uniquely links attractiveness, body perception, and sexual satisfaction in 124 healthy aging women. Two-thirds reported being highly sexually satisfied. BMI and fat mass correlated significantly with sexual satisfaction. Weight and shape concerns moderated this relationship, affecting sexual satisfaction beyond the effect of body size and composition. Given the "unattractive stereotype" of older women related to the enduring social beauty ideal of a youthful and thin body, positive body perceptions in light of age-associated bodily changes should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mernone
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Fiacco
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rodrigues Eberhardt P, La Rosa VL, Marques Cerentini T, Caruso S, Ragusa R, De Franciscis P, Riemma G, Machado de Souza C, Telles da Rosa LH, Viana da Rosa P. Sexual dysfunctions in female university students and the correlation with body image: a cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:85-90. [PMID: 32812466 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1806818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to correlate female sexual dysfunctions and dissatisfaction with female university students' body image. METHODS 276 female university students completed an online questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Body Shape Questionnaire. RESULTS 31.1% reported some degree of dissatisfaction with body image, and 39.5% had a risk of female sexual dysfunction. The majority of women with a risk of female sexual dysfunctions (69.4%) had no concerns with shape, and the majority of women without sexual problems (67.7%) had no concerns with shape. Pearson's coefficient underlined no correlation between Body Shape Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index domains. CONCLUSION The body image perception did not seem to affect the sexual function of female university students in our sample. However, it is important to further investigate these variables to improve women's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodrigues Eberhardt
- Department of Health Science and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Marques Cerentini
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Salvatore Caruso
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Group for Sexology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ragusa
- Health Technology Assessment Committee, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Cislaine Machado de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Luis Henrique Telles da Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Patricia Viana da Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Bowsfield ML, Cobb RJ. Sexual Anxiety Mediates Dyadic Associations Between Body Satisfaction and Sexual Quality in Mixed-Sex Couples. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2603-2619. [PMID: 34401993 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Body satisfaction predicts sexual quality among women and men; however, mechanisms of the association are largely unknown. We hypothesized that sexual anxiety would mediate average associations over 1 year between individuals' body satisfaction and their own and their partner's sexual quality, which is comprised of their sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction, in 123 mixed-sex cohabiting couples. Results of Actor-Partner Interdependence Models extended to Mediation (APIMeM) and tested via multilevel modelling partially supported the hypotheses. Specifically, individuals' body satisfaction indirectly predicted their own and their partner's sexual satisfaction through individuals' sexual anxiety, and indirectly predicted their own, but not their partner's sexual dissatisfaction through individuals' sexual anxiety. Thus, when individuals are relatively less satisfied with their bodies, they may experience anxiety during sexual encounters, which then interferes with their own and their partner's sexual quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Bowsfield
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Rebecca J Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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7
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Wilson CM, McGuire DB, Rodgers BL. Body Image Related to Sexual Health: Development of the Concept. J Midwifery Womens Health 2021; 66:503-511. [PMID: 34151499 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disturbances in body image can have an impact on sexual health and are prevalent in women of reproductive age. Although body image is important, the definition of this concept is inconsistent across the disciplines of nursing, medicine, and psychology. Use of a consistent definition in clinical practice and research could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of disturbances in body image, thereby advancing research-based knowledge and clinical practice. The purpose of this concept development was to advance the concept of body image as it relates to sexual health among women of reproductive age from the perspectives of 3 disciplines with a strong focus on body image: nursing, medicine, and psychology. METHODS Strategies for concept development as described by Rodgers provided the basis for this work. The process includes a search, review, and synthesis of the literature surrounding the concept of interest. RESULTS Seventy-one articles, mostly qualitative and quantitative descriptive, were included and used to develop the concept. Body image related to sexual health in women of reproductive age is a multifaceted concept that is composed of an emotional and behavioral response to one's perceived appearance, sexuality, and degree of femininity. An individual's body image is influenced by sociocultural identities, race, ethnicity, and health status. It has both physical and psychological impact on health outcomes. DISCUSSION This interprofessional and comprehensive definition of body image should enhance understanding, assessment, and management of body image disturbances, thus bridging disciplines and enhancing interprofessional research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah B McGuire
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Beth L Rodgers
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Pastoor H, Both S, Timman R, Laan ETM, Laven JSE. Sexual Function in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Design of an Observational Prospective Multicenter Case Control Study. Sex Med 2020; 8:718-729. [PMID: 32798148 PMCID: PMC7691880 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is 10-15% in women of reproductive age. Its characteristics are (i) clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, (ii) oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, and (iii) polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. PCOS is associated with lower quality of life, depression, anxiety, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Treatment commonly entails oral contraceptive use to lower endogenous androgen levels. Androgen levels and comorbidities may affect sexual function. Previous studies have addressed a limited range of possible contributing factors. We will assess sexual function as well as genital and self-reported sexual arousal in a laboratory setting in women with PCOS compared to an age-matched healthy control group. Modulation by biopsychosocial factors mentioned will be studied. METHODS This is a multicenter prospective case control study. The study population includes healthy women with and without PCOS, aged 18-40 years, in a stable heterosexual relationship for at least 6 months. Power is calculated at 67 participants in each group. Anticipating a drop out of 10%, 150 participants will be recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes measured are sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Desire Inventory, and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised; genital sexual arousal measured as vaginal pulse amplitude; and self-reported sexual arousal in response to erotic stimuli in a laboratory setting. The mediators that will be investigated include testosterone, free androgen levels, oral contraceptive use, sensitivity to androgens (using CAG repeat length), body mass index, body image, mental health, and self-esteem. CONCLUSION Strengths of this study are the inclusion of a broad range of biopsychosocial outcome measures including DNA analysis, a healthy control group, and standardized assessment of genital and self-reported sexual arousal in a laboratory setting. With the design of this study we aim to provide an insight into which biopsychosocial factors associated with PCOS are related to sexual function, and how sexual function may be affected by treatment. These new insights may help to improve clinical management of PCOS while improving the quality of life. Pastoor H, Both S, Timman R, et al. Sexual Function in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Design of an Observational Prospective Multicenter Case Control Study. Sex Med 2020;8:718-729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Pastoor
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie Both
- Department of Psychosomatic Gynecology and Sexology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Timman
- Department of Psychiatry, Section of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen T M Laan
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic OBGYN, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Das K, Raman R. “Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall…Who is the Fairest of Them All?”—Body Image and Its Role in Sexual Health. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSEXUAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2631831819890778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing times on a global scale have seen a paradigm shift in the perception of “idealness” of body shape and construct of beauty. This has far-reaching impacts on several spheres of life from psychological, physical, as well as sexual health. The influence of attitudes, beliefs, culture, art, geography, and technological advances has been explored with the premise of body image impacting sexual health and functioning. The role body image plays in sexual health has been studied widely from the Western perspective mostly in women, but studies in the Indian context are limited to weight, body mass index, eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorders, rather the relation between body image in sexuality or sexual functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Das
- Department of Psychiatry, PESIMSR, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Raman
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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10
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Pastoor H, Timman R, de Klerk C, M Bramer W, Laan ET, Laven JS. Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 37:750-760. [PMID: 30420168 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with women without PCOS. Data on this topic are limited and often contradicting. Sexual function is influenced by endocrine, mental and social factors, which are often compromised in women with PCOS. The main outcome measures were validated sexual function questionnaires and visual analogue scales (VAS). We identified and assessed 1925 original articles; 18 articles were included. Significant small effect sizes were found on sexual function subscales (total score: P = 0.006; arousal: P = 0.019; lubrication: P = 0.023; satisfaction: P = 0.015; orgasm: P = 0.028), indicating impaired sexual function in women with PCOS. Large effect sizes for the effect of body hair on sex were shown on VAS (P = 0.006); social effect of appearance (P = 0.007); sexual attractiveness (P < 0.001). Satisfaction with sex life was impaired (P < 0.001), but sexual satisfaction was rated equally important in women with PCOS and controls. We conclude that a satisfying sex life is important for women with PCOS; however, sexual function and feelings of sexual attractiveness are impaired. The findings imply that sexual function, sexual satisfaction and psychosocial functioning need to be part of every clinical assessment of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Pastoor
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Na-1516, 3000 CA Rotterdam 2040, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinier Timman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone V0-P, 2300 RC, Leiden 9600, The Netherlands
| | - Cora de Klerk
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone V0-P, 2300 RC, Leiden 9600, The Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Ae-324, 3000 CA Rotterdam 2040, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Tm Laan
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic OBGYN, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room H4-140, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Joop Se Laven
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Na-1516, 3000 CA Rotterdam 2040, The Netherlands
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11
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Rousseau A, Beyens I, Eggermont S, Vandenbosch L. The Dual Role of Media Internalization in Adolescent Sexual Behavior. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1685-1697. [PMID: 27987087 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexualizing media content is prevalent in various media types. Sexualizing media messages and portrayals emphasize unattainable body and appearance ideals as the primary components of sexual desirability. The internalization of these ideals is positively related to self-objectification and sexual body consciousness. In turn, self-objectification and sexual body consciousness affect adolescents' sexual behavior, albeit in opposing directions. While objectifying self-perceptions are linked to higher levels of sexual behavior, body consciousness during physical intimacy is linked to lower levels of sexual behavior. Based on this knowledge, the present three-wave panel study of 824 Belgian, predominant heterosexual adolescents (M age = 15.33; SD = 1.45) proposes a dual-pathway model that investigates two different pathways through which the internalization of media ideals may impact adolescents' sexual behavior. An inhibitory pathway links media internalization to lower levels of sexual behavior through sexual body consciousness, and a supportive pathway links media internalization to higher levels of sexual behavior through self-objectification. Structural equation analyses supported the proposed dual-pathway, showing that the impact of media internalization on adolescents' sexual behavior proceeds through an inhibitory pathway and a supportive pathway. Regarding the supportive pathway, media internalization (W1) positively predicted sexual behavior (W3), through valuing appearance over competence (W2). Regarding the inhibitory pathway, media internalization (W1) positively predicted body surveillance, which, in turn, positively predicted sexual body consciousness (all W2). Sexual body consciousness (W2) is negatively related to sexual behavior (W3). From a sexual developmental perspective, these findings emphasize the importance of guiding adolescents in interpreting and processing sexualizing media messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rousseau
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Box 3603, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ine Beyens
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Eggermont
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Box 3603, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Laura Vandenbosch
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Box 3603, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Louvain, Belgium
- MIOS (Media, ICT, and Interpersonal Relations in Organisations and Society), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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12
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Souza ACD, Alvarenga MDS. Insatisfação com a imagem corporal em estudantes universitários – Uma revisão integrativa. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a insatisfação corporal entre estudantes universitários. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, portal SciELO e banco de teses com descritores indexados com os critérios de inclusão: população exclusivamente universitária, apresentação de dados referentes à frequência/prevalência da insatisfação corporal e/ou a caracterização de fatores relacionados. Resultados Foram selecionados 76 estudos (40 nacionais e 36 internacionais). A amplitude de insatisfação de imagem corporal em ambos os sexos foi de 8,3% a 87% nos estudos nacionais, e de 5,2% a 85,5% nos internacionais, avaliados, principalmente, por meio de escalas de silhuetas e/ou questionários (como o Body Shape Questionnaire, o Eating Disorder Inventory, e o Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scales). Os fatores como exposição à mídia e redes sociais, o período menstrual e a baixa autoestima foram relacionados à insatisfação corporal. Conclusão A insatisfação corporal é um fenômeno comum entre os universitários, mas apresentando grande amplitude dependendo do sexo, instrumento, método e objetivo do estudo. Padronização na avaliação do construto é necessária para melhor compressão e discussão do problema.
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van den Brink F, Smeets MAM, Hessen DJ, Woertman L. Positive Body Image and Sexual Functioning in Dutch Female University Students: The Role of Adult Romantic Attachment. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1217-1226. [PMID: 25778405 PMCID: PMC4863903 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on links between romantic attachment, positive body image, and sexual functioning. Dutch female university students (N = 399) completed an online survey that included self-report items about body appreciation, sexual functioning, and romantic attachment. A proposed conceptual model was tested using structural equation modeling and a good fit to the data was found. Results revealed that attachment avoidance in a romantic context was negatively related to sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, the ability to reach orgasm, and sexual satisfaction. Attachment anxiety was negatively related to body appreciation which, in turn, was positively related to sexual desire and arousal. Findings indicated that romantic attachment is meaningfully linked to body appreciation and sexual functioning. Therefore, the concept of adult attachment may be a useful tool for the treatment of sexual problems of young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke van den Brink
- Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique A M Smeets
- Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Hessen
- Division of Methodology and Statistics, Department of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Woertman
- Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Body Image Disturbances Have Impact on the Sexual Problems in Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:204513. [PMID: 26090484 PMCID: PMC4451262 DOI: 10.1155/2015/204513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SLE might affect all aspects of life including sexual functioning; previous study found that body image disturbance (BID) was the most powerful predictors of impaired partner relationships and sexual function. The current study investigated the relationship among disease parameters, quality of life, the psychological status, BID, and sexual problems in Chinese patients with SLE. A self-report survey design was administered to 168 SLE patients and 210 healthy individuals. Our results showed that 86 (55.1%) SLE patients reported impaired relationships with a sexual partner or partners, and 100 (64.1%) patients reported impaired sexual function which were significantly higher than the control group (31.6%, 35.7%, rep.). Age, marital status, depression, and BIDQ were the most powerful predictors of impaired partner relationships, while BIDQ3 and education, disease activity, and depression were the most significant causes of impaired sexual function. The study for first time reported Chinese SLE patients had sexual problems and BID was associated with sexual problems. So, early detection and interventions might not only rehabilitate the patients and their loved ones, but also improve overall health outcomes and reduce the direct and indirect costs of their medical care.
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Awareness of sexually transmitted infection and protection methods among university students in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:135-42. [PMID: 24510451 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health challenge. In 2012, young people (20-29 years) represented 59.1 % of STI notifications in Ireland. In studying awareness and knowledge of STIs, methods of protection, and sexual practices of young people, many researchers have accessed university students. AIMS Survey of 419 university students, investigating awareness and knowledge of sexual health and STIs, and risky sexual behaviour as a surrogate indicator of sexual activity in that age group. METHODS Self-administered questionnaire on students' demographics, sexual activity, knowledge, attitude and awareness of sexual health and STIs. RESULTS 419 students responded: 56.1 % female and 78.1 % undergraduate students. 74.2 % remembered receiving sexual education in secondary school and 84 % of those found it useful, but only 51.8 % remembered education regarding STIs. 44.4 % believed that STIs do not pose a long-term health risk. 90.7 % of respondents were sexually active, and 10.3 % had contracted STIs. 94.7 % of sexually active students used contraception, with condoms most frequently used. 69.1 % of those active had experienced penetrative vaginal sex, 86.4 % oral sex and 19.2 % anal sex without a condom in the prior 2 years. Condom usage initiated by women was primarily for STI prevention. CONCLUSION Young people do not always have the information needed for them to take responsibility for their sexual health. In this study, university-provided medical and information resources were available, but large numbers of students were unaware or uncomfortable accessing them. Future work is needed to determine factors contributing to effective communication of sexual health information to young people.
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