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Kim S, Choi H, Kim B, Lim G, Kim T, Lee M, Ra H, Yeom J, Kim M, Kim E, Hwang J, Lee JS, Shim W. Extreme Ion-Transport Inorganic 2D Membranes for Nanofluidic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206354. [PMID: 36112951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic 2D materials offer a new approach to controlling mass diffusion at the nanoscale. Controlling ion transport in nanofluidics is key to energy conversion, energy storage, water purification, and numerous other applications wherein persistent challenges for efficient separation must be addressed. The recent development of 2D membranes in the emerging field of energy harvesting, water desalination, and proton/Li-ion production in the context of green energy and environmental technology is herein discussed. The fundamental mechanisms, 2D membrane fabrication, and challenges toward practical applications are highlighted. Finally, the fundamental issues of thermodynamics and kinetics are outlined along with potential membrane designs that must be resolved to bridge the gap between lab-scale experiments and production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Ra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eohjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- IT Materials Division, Advanced Materials Company, LG Chem R&D Campus, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Lee
- Separator Division, Advanced Materials Company, LG Chem R&D Campus, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Preactivated zeolite nanosheet plate-tiled membrane on porous PVDF film: Synthesis and study of proton-selective ion conduction. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Wang X, Hinkle KR, Jameson CJ, Murad S. Using Molecular Simulations to Facilitate Design and Operation of Membrane-Based and Chiral Separation Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Kevin R. Hinkle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469
| | - Cynthia J. Jameson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sohail Murad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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Abstract
AbstractNanoporous solids are ubiquitous in chemical, energy, and environmental processes, where controlled transport of molecules through the pores plays a crucial role. They are used as sorbents, chromatographic or membrane materials for separations, and as catalysts and catalyst supports. Defined as materials where confinement effects lead to substantial deviations from bulk diffusion, nanoporous materials include crystalline microporous zeotypes and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and a number of semi-crystalline and amorphous mesoporous solids, as well as hierarchically structured materials, containing both nanopores and wider meso- or macropores to facilitate transport over macroscopic distances. The ranges of pore sizes, shapes, and topologies spanned by these materials represent a considerable challenge for predicting molecular diffusivities, but fundamental understanding also provides an opportunity to guide the design of new nanoporous materials to increase the performance of transport limited processes. Remarkable progress in synthesis increasingly allows these designs to be put into practice. Molecular simulation techniques have been used in conjunction with experimental measurements to examine in detail the fundamental diffusion processes within nanoporous solids, to provide insight into the free energy landscape navigated by adsorbates, and to better understand nano-confinement effects. Pore network models, discrete particle models and synthesis-mimicking atomistic models allow to tackle diffusion in mesoporous and hierarchically structured porous materials, where multiscale approaches benefit from ever cheaper parallel computing and higher resolution imaging. Here, we discuss synergistic combinations of simulation and experiment to showcase theoretical progress and computational techniques that have been successful in predicting guest diffusion and providing insights. We also outline where new fundamental developments and experimental techniques are needed to enable more accurate predictions for complex systems.
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A review on thermally stable membranes for water treatment: Material, fabrication, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Singha NR, Karmakar M, Chattopadhyay PK, Roy S, Deb M, Mondal H, Mahapatra M, Dutta A, Mitra M, Roy JSD. Structures, Properties, and Performances-Relationships of Polymeric Membranes for Pervaporative Desalination. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E58. [PMID: 31052381 PMCID: PMC6572519 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
For the fulfilment of increasing global demand and associated challenges related to the supply of clean-and-safe water, PV has been considered as one of the most attractive and promising areas in desalinating salty-water of varied salinities. In pervaporative desalination, the sustainability, endurance, and structural features of membrane, along with operating parameters, play the dominant roles and impart paramount impact in governing the overall PV efficiency. Indeed, polymeric- and organic-membranes suffer from several drawbacks, including inferior structural stability and durability, whereas the fabrication of purely inorganic membranes is complicated and costly. Therefore, recent development on the high-performance and cost-friendly PV membrane is mostly concentrated on synthesizing composite- and NCP-membranes possessing the advantages of both organic- and inorganic-membranes. This review reflects the insights into the physicochemical properties and fabrication approaches of different classes of PV membranes, especially composite- and NCP-membranes. The mass transport mechanisms interrelated to the specialized structural features have been discussed. Additionally, the performance potential and application prospects of these membranes in a wide spectrum of desalination and wastewater treatment have been elaborated. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives have been identified in developing and scaling up different high-performance membranes suitable for broader commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mrinmoy Karmakar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sagar Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Mousumi Deb
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Himarati Mondal
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Manas Mahapatra
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Madhushree Mitra
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
| | - Joy Sankar Deb Roy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Xie Z, Ng D, Hoang M, Zhang J, Gray S. Study of Hybrid PVA/MA/TEOS Pervaporation Membrane and Evaluation of Energy Requirement for Desalination by Pervaporation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091913. [PMID: 30177601 PMCID: PMC6163604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Desalination by pervaporation is a membrane process that is yet to be realized for commercial application. To investigate the feasibility and viability of scaling up, a process engineering model was developed to evaluate the energy requirement based on the experimental study of a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol/maleic acid/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PVA/MA/TEOS) Pervaporation Membrane. The energy consumption includes the external heating and cooling required for the feed and permeate streams, as well as the electrical power associated with pumps for re-circulating feed and maintaining vacuum. The thermal energy requirement is significant (e.g., up to 2609 MJ/m³ of thermal energy) and is required to maintain the feed stream at 65 °C in recirculation mode. The electrical energy requirement is very small (<0.2 kWh/m³ of required at 65 °C feed temperature at steady state) with the vacuum pump contributing to the majority of the electrical energy. The energy required for the pervaporation process was also compared to other desalination processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-stage Flash (MSF), and Multiple Effect Distillation (MED). The electrical energy requirement for pervaporation is the lowest among these desalination technologies. However, the thermal energy needed for pervaporation is significant. Pervaporation may be attractive when the process is integrated with waste heat and heat recovery option and used in niche applications such as RO brine concentration or salt recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Derrick Ng
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Manh Hoang
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
| | - Stephen Gray
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
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8
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Computational Molecular Modeling of Transport Processes in Nanoporous Membranes. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we have discussed the important role of molecular modeling, especially the use of the molecular dynamics method, in investigating transport processes in nanoporous materials such as membranes. With the availability of high performance computers, molecular modeling can now be used to study rather complex systems at a fraction of the cost or time requirements of experimental studies. Molecular modeling techniques have the advantage of being able to access spatial and temporal resolution which are difficult to reach in experimental studies. For example, sub-Angstrom level spatial resolution is very accessible as is sub-femtosecond temporal resolution. Due to these advantages, simulation can play two important roles: Firstly because of the increased spatial and temporal resolution, it can help understand phenomena not well understood. As an example, we discuss the study of reverse osmosis processes. Before simulations were used it was thought the separation of water from salt was purely a coulombic phenomenon. However, by applying molecular simulation techniques, it was clearly demonstrated that the solvation of ions made the separation in effect a steric separation and it was the flux which was strongly affected by the coulombic interactions between water and the membrane surface. Additionally, because of their relatively low cost and quick turnaround (by using multiple processor systems now increasingly available) simulations can be a useful screening tool to identify membranes for a potential application. To this end, we have described our studies in determining the most suitable zeolite membrane for redox flow battery applications. As computing facilities become more widely available and new computational methods are developed, we believe molecular modeling will become a key tool in the study of transport processes in nanoporous materials.
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Wang Y, Zou X, Sun L, Rong H, Zhu G. A zeolite-like aluminophosphate membrane with molecular-sieving property for water desalination. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2533-2539. [PMID: 29732131 PMCID: PMC5909670 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A fascinating membrane material composed of polycrystalline zeolite-like aluminophosphate with narrow pore and high water uptake is well developed, which exhibits superior desalination performance in terms of excellent ion rejection and record water flux.
Membrane desalination has been proposed as a promising strategy to address the worldwide challenge of water scarcity. The development of membrane desalination is impeded by the limited availability of membrane materials, thus, selective membranes with high water fluxes are in high demand. Therefore, the synthesis of a zeolite-like aluminophosphate membrane for water desalination is reported herein. An AlPO4-18 membrane without visible cracks was prepared on stainless steel nets via a seeded approach. The specific adsorption and diffusion properties of the AlPO4-18 membrane toward water were simultaneously investigated by vapor adsorption measurements and molecular simulation. A large adsorption capacity indicates the excellent water affinity of the AlPO4-18 membrane, and water gathering around other water molecules suggests stronger water–water interactions than framework–water interactions. Meanwhile, water molecules transport rapidly through the pores, assisted by a built-in pathway and directed diffusion. The as-synthesized membranes are further evaluated for water desalination. The desalination tests of seawater containing both single and multi-component ions demonstrate that the AlPO4-18 membrane is very selective for water transport, evidenced by very high rejection degrees for cations (>99%). Moreover, the AlPO4-18 membrane exhibits unprecedented high water fluxes (2.14 kg m–2 h–1 in average). The superior performances of good selectivity, high water permeability and high stability ensure the potential application of supported aluminophosphate membranes in desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China .
| | - Huazhen Rong
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , P. R. China
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Preparation of bridged silica RO membranes from copolymerization of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethene/(hydroxymethyl)triethoxysilane. Effects of ethenylene-bridge enhancing water permeability. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Wang DK, Elma M, Motuzas J, Hou WC, Xie F, Zhang X. Rational design and synthesis of molecular-sieving, photocatalytic, hollow fiber membranes for advanced water treatment applications. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Yazdanbakhsh F, Alizadehgiashi M, Sawada JA, Kuznicki SM. A clinoptilolite-PDMS mixed-matrix membrane for high temperature water softening. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1409-1417. [PMID: 27003083 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A mixed-matrix membrane composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the continuous phase and clinoptilolite, a naturally occurring zeolite, as the active phase has been used to decrease the conductivity of water by more than 80% across the membrane. Testing was carried out using a cross-flow configuration at temperatures as high as 160 °C using a constant transmembrane pressure of 8 bar. The simple fabrication method for the membrane, the durability of the system under the test conditions, and a suitable flux rate make such membranes promising candidates for industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4 E-mail:
| | - Moien Alizadehgiashi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4 E-mail:
| | - James A Sawada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4 E-mail:
| | - Steven M Kuznicki
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4 E-mail:
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Water diffusion in zeolite membranes: Molecular dynamics studies on effects of water loading and thermostat. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Yacou C, Smart S, Diniz da Costa JC. Mesoporous TiO 2 based membranes for water desalination and brine processing. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Elma M, Wang DK, Yacou C, Diniz da Costa JC. Interlayer-free P123 carbonised template silica membranes for desalination with reduced salt concentration polarisation. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zhu B, Myat DT, Shin JW, Na YH, Moon IS, Connor G, Maeda S, Morris G, Gray S, Duke M. Application of robust MFI-type zeolite membrane for desalination of saline wastewater. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Natural zeolite clinoptilolite-phosphate composite Membranes for water desalination by pervaporation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Dutournié P, Limousy L, Blel W, Déon S, Fievet P. Understanding of Ion Transport in a Na–Mordenite Membrane: Use of Numerical Modeling To Estimate Surface–Solute Interactions in the Pore. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5007933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dutournié
- IS2M (UMR CNRS
7228), Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Limousy
- IS2M (UMR CNRS
7228), Université de Haute Alsace, 3 bis rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Walid Blel
- GEPEA (UMR CNRS
6144), Université de Nantes, CRTT, 37, boulevard de l’université, BP 406, 44602 Saint Nazaire, France
| | - Sébastien Déon
- Institut UTINAM
Besançon (UMR CNRS 6213), Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Patrick Fievet
- Institut UTINAM
Besançon (UMR CNRS 6213), Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
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Zhu B, Hong Z, Milne N, Doherty CM, Zou L, Lin Y, Hill AJ, Gu X, Duke M. Desalination of seawater ion complexes by MFI-type zeolite membranes: Temperature and long term stability. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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23
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Xu Z, Michos I, Wang X, Yang R, Gu X, Dong J. A zeolite ion exchange membrane for redox flow batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2416-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Turgman-Cohen S, Araque JC, Hoek EMV, Escobedo FA. Molecular dynamics of equilibrium and pressure-driven transport properties of water through LTA-type zeolites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12389-12399. [PMID: 24024745 DOI: 10.1021/la402895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We consider an atomistic model to investigate the flux of water through thin Linde type A (LTA) zeolite membranes with differing surface chemistries. Using molecular dynamics, we have studied the flow of water under hydrostatic pressure through a fully hydrated LTA zeolite film (~2.5 nm thick) capped with hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Pressure drops in the 50-400 MPa range were applied across the membrane, and the flux of water was monitored for at least 15 ns of simulation time. For hydrophilic membranes, water molecules adsorb at the zeolite surface, creating a highly structured fluid layer. For hydrophobic membranes, a depletion of water molecules occurs near the water/zeolite interface. For both types of membranes, the water structure is independent of the pressure drop established in the system and the flux through the membranes is lower than that observed for the bulk zeolitic material; the latter allows an estimation of surface barrier effects to pressure-driven water transport. Mechanistically, it is observed that (i) bottlenecks form at the windows of the zeolite structure, preventing the free flow of water through the porous membrane, (ii) water molecules do not move through a cage in a single-file fashion but rather exhibit a broad range of residence times and pronounced mixing, and (iii) a periodic buildup of a pressure difference between inlet and outlet cages takes place which leads to the preferential flow of water molecules toward the low-pressure cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Turgman-Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-5201, United States
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You S, Tang C, Yu C, Wang X, Zhang J, Han J, Gan Y, Ren N. Forward osmosis with a novel thin-film inorganic membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8733-8742. [PMID: 23829428 DOI: 10.1021/es401555x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) represents a new promising membrane technology for liquid separation driven by the osmotic pressure of aqueous solution. Organic polymeric FO membranes are subject to severe internal concentration polarization due to asymmetric membrane structure, and low stability due to inherent chemical composition. To address these limitations, this study focuses on the development of a new kind of thin-film inorganic (TFI) membrane made of microporous silica xerogels immobilized onto a stainless steel mesh (SSM) substrate. The FO performances of the TFI membrane were evaluated upon a lab-scale cell-type FO reactor using deionized water as feed solution and sodium chloride (NaCl) as draw solution. The results demonstrated that the TFI membrane could achieve transmembrane water flux of 60.3 L m(-2) h(-1) driven by 2.0 mol L(-1) NaCl draw solution at ambient temperature. Meanwhile, its specific solute flux, i.e. the solute flux normalized by the water flux (0.19 g L(-1)), was 58.7% lower than that obained for a commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane (0.46 g L(-1)). The quasi-symmetry thin-film microporous structure of the silica membrane is responsible for low-level internal concentration polarization, and thus enhanced water flux during FO process. Moreover, the TFI membrne demonstrated a substantially improved stability in terms of mechanical strength, and resistance to thermal and chemical stimulation. This study not only provides a new method for fabricating quasi-symmetry thin-film inorganic silica membrane, but also suggests an effective strategy using this alternative membrane to achieve improved FO performances for scale-up applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) , Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Temperature and Pressure Effects of Desalination Using a MFI-Type Zeolite Membrane. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:155-68. [PMID: 24956943 PMCID: PMC4021941 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are potentially a robust desalination alternative, as they are chemically stable and possess the essential properties needed to reject ions. Zeolite membranes could desalinate “challenging” waters, such as saline secondary effluent, without any substantial pre-treatment, due to the robust mechanical properties of ceramic membranes. A novel MFI-type zeolite membrane was developed on a tubular α-Al2O3 substrate by a combined rubbing and secondary hydrothermal growth method. The prepared membrane was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and single gas (He or N2) permeation and underwent desalination tests with NaCl solutions under different pressures (0.7 MPa and 7 MPa). The results showed that higher pressure resulted in higher Na+ rejection and permeate flux. The zeolite membrane achieved a good rejection of Na+ (~82%) for a NaCl feed solution with a TDS (total dissolved solids) of 3000 mg·L−1 at an applied pressure of 7 MPa and 21 °C. To explore the opportunity for high salinity and high temperature desalination, this membrane was also tested with high concentration NaCl solutions (up to TDS 90,000 mg·L−1) and at 90 °C. This is the first known work at such high salinities of NaCl. It was found that increasing the salinity of the feed solution decreased both Na+ rejection and flux. An increase in testing temperature resulted in an increase in permeate flux, but a decrease in ion rejection.
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Elma M, Yacou C, Diniz da Costa JC, Wang DK. Performance and long term stability of mesoporous silica membranes for desalination. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:136-50. [PMID: 24956942 PMCID: PMC4021940 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work shows the preparation of silica membranes by a two-step sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate in ethanolic solution by employing nitric acid and ammonia as co-catalysts. The sols prepared in pH 6 resulted in the lowest concentration of silanol (Si–OH) species to improve hydrostability and the optimized conditions for film coating. The membrane was tested to desalinate 0.3–15 wt % synthetic sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions at a feed temperature of 22 °C followed by long term membrane performance of up to 250 h in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. Results show that the water flux (and salt rejection) decrease with increasing salt concentration delivering an average value of 9.5 kg m–2 h–1 (99.6%) and 1.55 kg m–2 h–1 (89.2%) from the 0.3 and 15 wt % saline feed solutions, respectively. Furthermore, the permeate salt concentration was measured to be less than 600 ppm for testing conditions up to 5 wt % saline feed solutions, achieving below the recommended standard for potable water. Long term stability shows that the membrane performance in water flux was stable for up to 150 h, and slightly reduced from thereon, possibly due to the blockage of large hydrated ions in the micropore constrictions of the silica matrix. However, the integrity of the silica matrix was not affected by the long term testing as excellent salt rejection of >99% was maintained for over 250 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthia Elma
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Christelle Yacou
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - João C Diniz da Costa
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - David K Wang
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Liu L, Chen X. Fast Ion Transport and Phase Separation in a Mechanically Driven Flow of Electrolytes through Tortuous Sub-Nanometer Nanochannels. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2413-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu Y, Chen X. High permeability and salt rejection reverse osmosis by a zeolite nano-membrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6817-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43854f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yuan J, Zhao Y, Li Q, Ji Z, Guo X. Preparation of potassium ionic sieve membrane and its application on extracting potash from seawater. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Drobek M, Yacou C, Motuzas J, Julbe A, Ding L, Diniz da Costa JC. Long term pervaporation desalination of tubular MFI zeolite membranes. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lin CXC, Ding LP, Smart S, da Costa JCD. Cobalt oxide silica membranes for desalination. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 368:70-6. [PMID: 22079520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This work shows for the first time the potential of cobalt oxide silica (CoO(x)Si) membranes for desalination of brackish (1 wt.% NaCl), seawater (3.5 wt.% NaCl) and brine (7.5-15 wt.% NaCl) concentrations at feed temperatures between 25 and 75 °C. CoO(x)Si xerogels were synthesised via a sol-gel method including TEOS, cobalt nitrate hydrate and peroxide. Initial hydrothermal exposure (<2 days) of xerogels prepared with various pH (3-6) resulted in densification of the xerogel via condensation reactions within the silica matrix, with the xerogel synthesised at pH 5 the most resistant. Subsequent exposure was not found to significantly alter the pore structure of the xerogels, suggesting they were hydrostable and that the pore sizes remained at molecular sieving dimensions. Membranes were then synthesised using identical sol-gel conditions to the xerogel samples and testing showed that elevated feed temperatures resulted in increased water fluxes, whilst increasing the saline feed concentration resulted in decreased water fluxes. The maximum flux observed was 1.8 kg m(-2) h(-1) at 75 °C for a 1 wt.% NaCl feed concentration. The salt rejection was consistently in excess of 99%, independent of either the testing temperature or salt feed concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiang C Lin
- The University of Queensland, FIMLab - Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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Ladewig BP, Tan YH, Lin CXC, Ladewig K, Diniz da Costa JC, Smart S. Preparation, Characterization and Performance of Templated Silica Membranes in Non-Osmotic Desalination. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 4:845-856. [PMID: 28879954 PMCID: PMC5448586 DOI: 10.3390/ma4040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigate the potential of a polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol, tri-block copolymer as a template for a hybrid carbon/silica membrane for use in the non-osmotic desalination of seawater. Silica samples were loaded with varying amounts of tri-block copolymer and calcined in a vacuum to carbonize the template and trap it within the silica matrix. The resultant xerogels were analyzed with FTIR, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N₂ sorption techniques, wherein it was determined that template loadings of 10 and 20% produced silica networks with enhanced pore volumes and appropriately sized pores for desalination. Membranes were created via two different routes and tested with feed concentrations of 3, 10 and 35 ppk of NaCl at room temperature employing a transmembrane pressure drop of 85% (in most cases >95%) and fluxes higher than 1.6 kg m-2 h-1. Furthermore, the carbonized templated membranes displayed equal or improved performance compared to similarly prepared non-templated silica membranes, with the best results of a flux of 3.7 kg m-2 h-1 with 98.5% salt rejection capacity, exceeding previous literature reports. In addition, the templated silica membranes exhibited superior hydrostability demonstrating their potential for long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Ladewig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Functional Nanomaterials, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- AIBN-Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanomaterials, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ying Han Tan
- Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Chun Xiang C Lin
- Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Katharina Ladewig
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Functional Nanomaterials, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- AIBN-Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanomaterials, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - João C Diniz da Costa
- Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Simon Smart
- Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
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Pervaporative seawater desalination using NaA zeolite membrane: Mechanisms of high water flux and high salt rejection. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee KP, Arnot TC, Mattia D. A review of reverse osmosis membrane materials for desalination—Development to date and future potential. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1191] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lu J, Liu N, Li L, Lee R. Organic fouling and regeneration of zeolite membrane in wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu B, Zou L, Doherty CM, Hill AJ, Lin YS, Hu X, Wang H, Duke M. Investigation of the effects of ion and water interaction on structure and chemistry of silicalite MFI type zeolite for its potential use as a seawater desalination membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b926455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu N, Li L, Cao G, Lee R. Silver-embedded zeolite thin film-based fiber optic sensor for in situ, real-time monitoring Hg2+ ions in aqueous media with high sensitivity and selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Li L, Lee R. Purification of Produced Water by Ceramic Membranes: Material Screening, Process Design and Economics. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390903253395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Duke MC, O’Brien-Abraham J, Milne N, Zhu B, Lin JY, Diniz da Costa JC. Seawater desalination performance of MFI type membranes made by secondary growth. Sep Purif Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Harder E, Walters DE, Bodnar YD, Faibish RS, Roux B. Molecular Dynamics Study of a Polymeric Reverse Osmosis Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10177-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Harder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Illinois, 60637, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, and Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
| | - D. Eric Walters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Illinois, 60637, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, and Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
| | - Yaroslav D. Bodnar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Illinois, 60637, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, and Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
| | - Ron S. Faibish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Illinois, 60637, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, and Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Illinois, 60637, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, and Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439
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45
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Liu N, Li L, McPherson B, Lee R. Removal of organics from produced water by reverse osmosis using MFI-type zeolite membranes. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Li L, Liu N, McPherson B, Lee R. Enhanced Water Permeation of Reverse Osmosis through MFI-Type Zeolite Membranes with High Aluminum Contents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0612818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiong Li
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Ning Liu
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Brian McPherson
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Robert Lee
- Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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48
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49
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Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Pure Gas Permeability Through Carbon Membranes. Chin J Chem Eng 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(06)60054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Wang SM, Yu YX, Gao GH. Grand canonical Monte Carlo and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation study on the selective adsorption and fluxes of oxygen/nitrogen gas mixtures through carbon membranes. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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