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Gronowski M, Kołos R. A DFT Study on the Excited Electronic States of Cyanopolyynes: Benchmarks and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185829. [PMID: 36144567 PMCID: PMC9500640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly unsaturated chain molecules are interesting due to their potential application as nanowires and occurrence in interstellar space. Here, we focus on predicting the electronic spectra of polyynic nitriles HC2m+1N (m = 0–13) and dinitriles NC2n+2N (n = 0–14). The results of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations are compared with the available gas-phase and noble gas matrix experimental data. We assessed the performance of fifteen functionals and five basis sets for reproducing (i) vibrationless electronic excitation energies and (ii) vibrational frequencies in the singlet excited states. We found that the basis sets of at least triple-ζ quality were necessary to describe the long molecules with alternate single and triple bonds. Vibrational frequency scaling factors are similar for the ground and excited states. The benchmarked spectroscopic parameters were shown to be acceptably reproduced with adequately chosen functionals, in particular ωB97X, CAM-B3LYP, B3LYP, B971, and B972. Select functionals were applied to study the electronic excitation of molecules up to HC27N and C30N2. It is demonstrated that optical excitation leads to a shift from the polyyne- to a cumulene-like electronic structure.
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Nawrocki PR, Nielsen VMR, Sørensen TJ. A high-sensitivity rapid acquisition spectrometer for lanthanide(III) luminescence. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 36027890 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac8d4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Detecting luminescence beyond 750-800 nm becomes problematic as most conventional detectors are less sensitive in this range, and as simple corrections stops being accurate. Lanthanide luminescence occurs in narrow bands across the spectrum from 350-2000 nm. The most emissive lanthanide(III) ions have bands from 450 nm to 850 nm, some with additional bands in the NIR. Investigating the NIR bands are hard, but the difficulties start already at 700 nm. In general, the photon flux from lanthanide(III) emitters is not great, and the bands beyond 700 nm are very weak, we therefore decided to build a spectrometer based on cameras for microscopy with single-photon detection capabilities. This was found to allieviate all limitations and to allow for fast and efficient recording of luminescence spectra in the range from 450 to 950 nm. The spectrometer characteristics were investigated and the performance was benchmarked against two commercial spectrometers. We conclude that this spectrometer is ideal for investigating lanthanide luminescence, an all other emitters with emission in the target range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Nawrocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø, 2100, DENMARK
| | - Villads M R Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø, 2100, DENMARK
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø, 2100, DENMARK
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Custer T, Szczepaniak U, Gronowski M, Fabisiewicz E, Couturier-Tamburelli I, Kołos R. Density Functional Exploration of C4H3N Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5928-38. [PMID: 27341606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecules having C4H3N stoichiometry are of astrophysical interest. Two of these, methylcyanoacetylene (CH3C3N) and its structural isomer allenyl cyanide (H2CCCHN), have been observed in interstellar space, while several more have been examined in laboratories. Here we describe, for a broad range of C4H3N isomers, density functional calculations (B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) of molecular parameters including the energetics, geometries, rotational constants, electric dipole moments, polarizabilities, vibrational IR frequencies, IR absorption intensities, and Raman activities. Singlet-triplet splittings as well as singlet vertical electronic excitation energies are given for selected species. The identification of less stable C4H3N molecules, generated in ongoing spectroscopic experiments, relies heavily on these quantum chemical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Custer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Szczepaniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marcin Gronowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Fabisiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Robert Kołos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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O’Connor GD, Woodhouse GV, Troy TP, Schmidt TW. Double-resonance spectroscopy of radicals: higher electronic excited states of 1- and 2-naphthylmethyl, 1-phenylpropargyl and 9-anthracenylmethyl. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1012127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zack LN, Maier JP. Laboratory spectroscopy of astrophysically relevant carbon species. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4602-14. [PMID: 24676285 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon is one of the most common elements in the solar system, with a fractional abundance of 10(-4) relative to hydrogen. Thus, it is not surprising that over 100 carbon-bearing species have been definitively detected in the interstellar medium via their rotational, infrared, and/or electronic transitions. In order to identify these species, laboratory spectra are needed for comparison to astronomical data. Challenges arise when obtaining laboratory spectra due to the instability of many of these molecules. Over the years, sensitive instrumentation and better techniques for producing these species in situ have been developed to achieve this goal. The use of complementary spectroscopic methods, such as matrix isolation, cavity ringdown, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, and ion trapping have led to the identification of several new carbon species at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths. Laboratory spectra have been compared to astronomical data in order to gain further insight into interstellar chemistry. In particular, attempts have been made to identify the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands, however, with little success. These results are discussed in the following review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Zack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Couturier-Tamburelli I, Piétri N, Crépin C, Turowski M, Guillemin JC, Kołos R. Synthesis and spectroscopy of cyanotriacetylene (HC7N) in solid argon. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044329. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Theoretical studies on the structures and electronic spectra of carbon chains C n N (n = 3–12). Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Raghunandan R, Mazzotti FJ, Maier JP. Electronic spectra of C6H+ and C6H3+ in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:694-697. [PMID: 20171899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the (3)Pi-(3)Pi transition of C(6)H(+) in the gas phase near 19486 cm(-1) is reported. The experiment was carried out with a supersonic slit-jet expansion discharge using cavity ringdown absorption spectroscopy. Partly resolved P lines and observation of band heads permitted a rotational contour fit. Spectroscopic constants in the ground and excited-state were determined. The density of ions being sampled is merely 2 x 10(8) cm(-3). Broadening of the spectral lines indicates the excited-state lifetime to be approximately 100 ps. The electronic transition of HC(6)H(2)(+) at 26402 cm(-1) assumed to be (1)A(1)-X (1)A(1) in C(2v) symmetry could not be rotationally resolved.
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Garand E, Yacovitch TI, Zhou J, Sheehan SM, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging of the CnH− (n = 5–9) anions. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Raghunandan R, Mazzotti FJ, Chauhan R, Tulej M, Maier JP. Selective Detection of Radicals and Ions in a Slit-Jet Discharge by Degenerate and Two-Color Four-Wave Mixing. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13402-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9022663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Raghunandan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio J. Mazzotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richa Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marek Tulej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John P. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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