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Bauer M, Li C, Müllen K, Basché T, Hinze G. State transition identification in multivariate time series (STIMTS) applied to rotational jump trajectories from single molecules. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:164104. [PMID: 30384713 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time resolved data from single molecule experiments often suffer from contamination with noise due to a low signal level. Identifying a proper model to describe the data thus requires an approach with sufficient model parameters without misinterpreting the noise as relevant data. Here, we report on a generalized data evaluation process to extract states with piecewise constant signal level from simultaneously recorded multivariate data, typical for multichannel single molecule experiments. The method employs the minimum description length principle to avoid overfitting the data by using an objective function, which is based on a tradeoff between fitting accuracy and model complexity. We validate our method with synthetic data from Monte Carlo simulations modeling fluorescence resonance energy transfer and rotational jumps, respectively. The method is applied to quantify rotational jump dynamics of single terrylene diimide (TDI) molecules deposited on a solid substrate. Depending on the substitution pattern of the TDI molecules and the chosen substrate materials, we find significant differences in time scale and geometry of molecular reorientation. From an additional application of our state transition identification in multivariate time series approach, a significant correlation between shifts of emission spectra and the occurrence of rotational jumps was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bauer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerald Hinze
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Streiter M, Krause S, von Borczyskowski C, Deibel C. Dynamics of Single-Molecule Stokes Shifts: Influence of Conformation and Environment. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4281-4284. [PMID: 27733039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on time-dependent Stokes shift measurements of single molecules. Excitation and emission spectroscopy were applied to study the temporal Stokes shift evolution of single perylene diimide molecules embedded in a polymer matrix on the time scale of seconds. The Stokes shift varied between individual molecules as well as for single molecules undergoing different conformations and geometries. From the distribution and temporal evolution of Stokes shifts, we unravel the interplay of nanoenvironment and molecular conformation. We found that Stokes shift fluctuations are related to simultaneous and unidirectional shifts of both emission and excitation spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Streiter
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Stefan Krause
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Deibel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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3
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Wilma K, Issac A, Chen Z, Würthner F, Hildner R, Köhler J. Tracing Single Electrons in a Disordered Polymer Film at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1478-1483. [PMID: 27035727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transport of charges lies at the heart of essentially all modern (opto-) electronic devices. Although inorganic semiconductors built the basis for current technologies, organic materials have become increasingly important in recent years. However, organic matter is often highly disordered, which directly impacts the charge carrier dynamics. To understand and optimize device performance, detailed knowledge of the transport mechanisms of charge carriers in disordered matter is therefore of crucial importance. Here we report on the observation of the motion of single electrons within a disordered polymer film at room temperature, using single organic chromophores as probe molecules. The migration of a single electron gives rise to a varying electric field in its vicinity, which is registered via a shift of the emission spectra (Stark shift) of a chromophore. The spectral shifts allow us to determine the electron mobility and reveal for each nanoenvironment a distinct number of different possible electron-transfer pathways within the rugged energy landscape of the disordered polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilma
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Abey Issac
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Stöttinger S, Hinze G, Diezemann G, Oesterling I, Müllen K, Basché T. Impact of local compressive stress on the optical transitions of single organic dye molecules. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:182-186. [PMID: 24463364 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to mechanically control the optical properties of individual molecules is a grand challenge in nanoscience and could enable the manipulation of chemical reactivity at the single-molecule level. In the past, light has been used to alter the emission wavelength of individual molecules or modulate the energy transfer quantum yield between them. Furthermore, tensile stress has been applied to study the force dependence of protein folding/unfolding and of the chemistry and photochemistry of single molecules, although in these mechanical experiments the strength of the weakest bond limits the amount of applicable force. Here, we show that compressive stress modifies the photophysical properties of individual dye molecules. We use an atomic force microscope tip to prod individual molecules adsorbed on a surface and follow the effect of the applied force on the electronic states of the molecule by fluorescence spectroscopy. Applying a localized compressive force on an isolated molecule induces a stress that is redistributed throughout the structure. Accordingly, we observe reversible spectral shifts and even shifts that persist after retracting the microscope tip, which we attribute to transitions to metastable states. Using quantum-mechanical calculations, we show that these photophysical changes can be associated with transitions among the different possible conformers of the adsorbed molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stöttinger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerald Hinze
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregor Diezemann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Oesterling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Scheinhardt B, Trzaskowski J, Baier MC, Stempfle B, Oppermann A, Wöll D, Mecking S. Anisotropic Polyethylene Nanocrystals Labeled with a Single Fluorescent Dye Molecule: Toward Monitoring of Nanoparticle Orientation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401828k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Scheinhardt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz
Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Justyna Trzaskowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Moritz C. Baier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Beate Stempfle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alex Oppermann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz
Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz
Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Single molecule studies on dynamics in liquid crystals. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19506-25. [PMID: 24077123 PMCID: PMC3821570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Single molecule (SM) methods are able to resolve structure related dynamics of guest molecules in liquid crystals (LC). Highly diluted small dye molecules on the one hand explore structure formation and LC dynamics, on the other hand they report about a distortion caused by the guest molecules. The anisotropic structure of LC materials is used to retrieve specific conformation related properties of larger guest molecules like conjugated polymers. This in particular sheds light on organization mechanisms within biological cells, where large molecules are found in nematic LC surroundings. This review gives a short overview related to the application of highly sensitive SM detection schemes in LC.
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7
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Gerlach F, Täuber D, von Borczyskowski C. Correlated blinking via time dependent energy transfer in single CdSe quantum dot-dye nanoassemblies. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Börner R, Kowerko D, Krause S, von Borczyskowski C, Hübner CG. Efficient simultaneous fluorescence orientation, spectrum, and lifetime detection for single molecule dynamics. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:164202. [PMID: 23126703 DOI: 10.1063/1.4759108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the simultaneous detection of the fluorescence lifetime, spectrum, and three-dimensional dipole orientation determination of single perylene diimide molecules deposited on a silica surface as a model system for studying fluorophore internal and orientational dynamics. We employ a multi-parameter detection scheme to demonstrate how jumps in the orientation of the molecule can be disentangled from spectral jumps, both leading to changes of the detected total fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence lifetime determined simultaneously from the same photons is also sensitive to the orientation of the dipole with respect to the interface between media with different refractive indices. The correlated changes of the lifetime and orientation we observe are in good agreement with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Börner
- Institute of Physics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany.
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9
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Single molecule spectroscopic studies of organic rectifiers composed of pyrene and perylenebisimide. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Krause S, Kowerko D, Börner R, Hübner CG, von Borczyskowski C. Spectral Diffusion of Single Molecules in a Hierarchical Energy Landscape. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:303-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Kowerko D, Schuster J, Amecke N, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Dobrawa R, Würthner F, von Borczyskowski C. FRET and ligand related NON-FRET processes in single quantum dot-perylene bisimide assemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:4112-23. [PMID: 20379502 DOI: 10.1039/b910308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoassemblies are formed via self-assembly of ZnS capped CdSe quantum dots (QD) and perylene bisimide dyes (PBI). Upon assembly formation with functionalized dye molecules the QD photoluminescence (PL) is quenched. Quenching has been assigned partly to FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and NON-FRET processes. By means of time resolved single particle spectroscopy of immobilized QD-dye assemblies, it is demonstrated that NON-FRET processes are due to new non-radiative decay channels caused by the assembly formation process itself. Immobilized (single) assemblies exhibit the same processes as ensembles of assemblies in toluene solution. Only one dye molecule on a QD quenches the PL up to 50%, which is much stronger than is expected when replacing a volume related number of ligands. NON-FRET processes are distinct from photoinduced charge and/or energy transfer. A combination of a Stern-Volmer and FRET analysis of ensemble experiments supports the investigation of the dynamics of assembly formation at extremely low concentration ratios of PBI to QD. This allows us to distinguish between the effects of PBI and ligands on PL quenching on a single molecule level which is not possible in conventional ligand dynamic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Kowerko
- Institute of Physics and NanoMA (Center for Nanostructured Materials and Analytics), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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12
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Kowerko D, Krause S, Amecke N, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Schuster J, von Borczyskowski C. Identification of different donor-acceptor structures via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in quantum-dot-perylene bisimide assemblies. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5239-5256. [PMID: 20054469 PMCID: PMC2801993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoassemblies are formed via self-assembly of ZnS capped CdSe quantum dots (QD) and perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes. Upon assembly formation the QD photoluminescence is quenched, as can be detected both via single particle detection and ensemble experiments in solution. Quenching has been assigned to FRET and NON-FRET processes. Analysis of FRET allows for a distinction between different geometries of the QD dye assemblies. Time-resolved single molecule spectroscopy reveals intrinsic fluctuations of the PBI fluorescence lifetime and spectrum, caused by rearrangement of the phenoxy side groups. The distribution of such molecular conformations and their changed dynamics upon assembly formation are discussed in the scope of FRET efficiency and surface ligand density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Kowerko
- Institute of Physics and nanoMA (Center for nanostructured Materials and Analytics), University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; E-Mail:
(C.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
(D.K.)
| | - Stefan Krause
- Institute of Physics and nanoMA (Center for nanostructured Materials and Analytics), University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; E-Mail:
(C.B.)
| | - Nicole Amecke
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Schuster
- Institute of Physics and nanoMA (Center for nanostructured Materials and Analytics), University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; E-Mail:
(C.B.)
| | - Christian von Borczyskowski
- Institute of Physics and nanoMA (Center for nanostructured Materials and Analytics), University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; E-Mail:
(C.B.)
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