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Kannan G, Chien JR, Benjamin AJ, Bhatia N, Saykally RJ. Rydberg States of H 3 and HeH as Potential Coolants for Primordial Star Formation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4267-4275. [PMID: 33792328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current theory and measurements establish the age of the universe as ca. 13.8 billion years. For the first several hundred million years of its existence, it was a dark, opaque void. After that, the hydrogen atoms comprising most of the "ordinary" matter began to condense and ionize, eventually forming the first stars that would illuminate the sky. Details of how these "primordial" stars formed have been widely debated, but remain elusive. A central issue in this process is the mechanism by which the primordial gas (mainly hydrogen and helium atoms) collected via the action of dark matter cooled and further accreted to fusion densities. Current models invoke collisional excitation of H2 molecular rotations and subsequent radiative rotational transitions allowed by the weak molecular quadrupole moment. In this work, we review the salient considerations and present some new ideas, based on recent spectroscopic observations of neutral H3 Rydberg electronic state emission in the mid-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeremy R Chien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony J Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Niranjan Bhatia
- Monta Vista High School, 21840 McClellan Road, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Dohnal P, Kálosi Á, Plašil R, Roučka Š, Kovalenko A, Rednyk S, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Binary and ternary recombination of H2D+ and HD2+ ions with electrons at 80 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23549-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombination of deuterated trihydrogen cations with electrons was studied at 80 K using stationary afterglow with cavity ring-down spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dohnal
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Roučka
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Artem Kovalenko
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Rednyk
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
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Hejduk M, Dohnal P, Rubovič P, Kálosi Á, Plašil R, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Flowing-afterglow study of electron-ion recombination of para–H3+ and ortho–H3+ ions at temperatures from 60 K to 300 K. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:044303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hejduk
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dohnal
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rubovič
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
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Glosík J, Hejduk M, Dohnal P, Rubovič P, Kálosi Á, Plašil R. State selective study of H3+recombination in Cryo-FALP and SA-CRDS experiments at 77 K. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158401002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rubovič P, Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Plašil R, Glosík J. Binary Recombination of H3+ and D3+ Ions with Electrons in Plasma at 50–230 K. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9626-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3123192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rubovič
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dohnal
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hejduk
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
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Johnsen R, Rubovič P, Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Plašil R, Glosík J. Ternary Recombination of H3+ and D3+ with Electrons in He–H2 (D2) Plasmas at Temperatures from 50 to 300 K. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9477-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311978n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Johnsen
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - P. Rubovič
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Hejduk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R. Plašil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Glosík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Rubovič P, Varju J, Roučka Š, Plašil R, Glosík J. Binary and ternary recombination of D3+ ions at 80–130 K: Application of laser absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Varju J, Rubovic P, Roucka S, Kotrík T, Plasil R, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Binary recombination of para- and ortho-H3+ with electrons at low temperatures. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:5101-5108. [PMID: 23028157 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Results of an experimental study of binary recombination of para- and ortho-H(3)(+) ions with electrons are presented. Near-infrared cavity-ring-down absorption spectroscopy was used to probe the lowest rotational states of H(3)(+) ions in the temperature range of 77-200 K in an H(3)(+)-dominated afterglow plasma. By changing the para/ortho abundance ratio, we were able to obtain the binary recombination rate coefficients for pure and para-H(3)(+) and ortho-H(3)(+). The results are in good agreement with previous theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Larsson M. Dissociative recombination of H3+: 10 years in retrospect. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:5118-29. [PMID: 23028159 PMCID: PMC3479713 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative recombination of H(3)(+) has been an intriguing problem for more than half a century. The early experiments on H(3)(+) during the first 20 years were carried out without mass analysis in decaying plasma afterglows, and thus the measured rates pertained to an uncontrolled mixture of H(3)(+) and impurity ions. When mass analysis was used, the rate coefficient was determined to be an uneventful value of about 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1), a very common rate coefficient for many molecular ions. But this was not the end of the story, not even the beginning of the end; it marked only the end of the beginning. The story I will tell in this article started about 10 years ago, when the dissociative recombination of H(3)(+) was approaching its deepest crisis. Today, owing to an extensive experimental and theoretical effort, the state of affairs has reached a historically unique level of harmony, although there still remains many things to sort out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Larsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Varju J, Rubovič P, Roučka Š, Kotrík T, Plašil R, Glosík J, Johnsen R. Binary and ternary recombination of para-H3+ and ortho-H3+ with electrons: State selective study at 77–200 K. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:244304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4730162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Plašil R, Varju J, Hejduk M, Dohnal P, Kotrík T, Glosík J. Experimental study of para- and ortho-H3+recombination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/300/1/012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Varju J, Hejduk M, Dohnal P, Jílek M, Kotrík T, Plašil R, Gerlich D, Glosík J. Nuclear spin effect on recombination of H₃⁺ ions with electrons at 77 K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:203201. [PMID: 21668226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing different ratios of para to ortho H₂ in normal and para enriched hydrogen, we varied the population of para-H₃⁺ in an H₃⁺ dominated plasma at 77 K. Absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the densities of the two lowest rotational states of H₃⁺. Monitoring plasma decays at different populations of para-H₃⁺ allowed us to determine the rate coefficients for binary recombination of para-H₃⁺ and ortho-H₃⁺ ions: (p)α(bin)(77 K) = (1.9 ± 0.4) × 10⁻⁷ cm³ s⁻¹ and (o)α(bin)(77 K) = (0.2 ± 0.2) × 10⁻⁷ cm³ s⁻¹.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varju
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kokoouline V, Douguet N, Greene CH. Breaking bonds with electrons: Dissociative recombination of molecular ions. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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