Barrier-free proton transfer induced by electron attachment to the complexes between 1‐methylcytosine and formic acid

Density functional theory studies on cytosine analogues for inducing double-proton transfer with guanine

To induce double-proton transfer (DPT) with guanine in a biological environment, 12 cytosine analogues (Ca) were formed by atomic substitution. The DPT reactions in the Watson-Crick cytosine-guanine model complex (Ca₀G) and 12 modified cytosine-guanine complexes (Ca_1-12G) were investigated using density functional theory methods at the M06-2X/def2svp level. The intramolecular proton transfers within the analogues are not facile due to high energy barriers. The hydrogen bond lengths of the Ca_1-12G complexes are shorter than those in the Ca₀G complex, which are conducive to DPT reactions. The DPT energy barriers of Ca_1-12G complexes are also lower than that of the Ca₀G complex, in particular, the barriers in the Ca₇G and Ca₁₁G complexes were reduced to -1.33 and -2.02 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating they are significantly more prone to DPT reactions. The DPT equilibrium constants of Ca_1-12G complexes range from 1.60 × 10⁰ to 1.28 × 10⁷, among which the equilibrium constants of Ca₇G and Ca₁₁G are over 1.0 × 10⁵, so their DPT reactions may be adequate. The results demonstrate that those cytosine analogues, especially Ca₇ and Ca₁₁, are capable of inducing DPT with guanine, and then the guanine tautomer will form mismatches with thymine during DNA replication, which may provide new strategies for gene therapy.

Intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer and its correlation with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer

Electron-induced proton transfer depicts the proton motion coupled with the attachment of a low-energy electron to a molecule, which helps to understand copious fundamental chemical processes. Intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer is a similar process that occurs within a single molecule. To date, there is only one known intramolecular example, to the best of our knowledge. By studying the 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline molecules using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory, and by theoretical screening of six other molecules, here we show the intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer capability of a long list of molecules that meanwhile have the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer property. Careful examination of the intrinsic electronic signatures of these molecules reveals that these two distinct processes should occur to the same category of molecules. Intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer could have potential applications such as molecular devices that are responsive to electrons or current.

Effects of ionization on stability of 1-methylcytosine - DFT and PCM studies

Consequences of ionization were studied by quantum-chemical methods (DFT and PCM) for 1-methylcytosine (MC)—a model of the nucleobase cytosine (C) connected with sugar in DNA. For calculations, three prototropic tautomers (one amino and two imino forms) and two imino zwitterions were considered, including conformational or configurational isomerism of exo heterogroups. Ionization and interactions between neighboring groups affect intramolecular proton-transfers, geometric and thermodynamic parameters, and electron delocalization for individual isomers. We discovered that an imino isomer is present in the isomeric mixture in the highest amount for positively ionized MC. Its contribution in neutral and negatively ionized MC is considerably smaller. Acid-base parameters for selected radical ions were estimated in the gas phase and compared to those of neutral MC. Gas-phase acidity of radical cations is close to that of the conjugate acid of MC, and gas-phase basicity of radical anions is close to that of the conjugate base of MC. Various routes of amino-imino conversion between neutral and ionized isomers were considered. Energetic-barrier for intramolecular proton-transfer in MC is close to that in the parent system—formamidine.

The onset of electron-induced proton-transfer in hydrated azabenzene cluster anions

The prospect that protons from water may be transferred to N-heterocyclic molecules due to the presence of an excess electron is studied in hydrated azabenzene cluster anions using spectroscopy and computational chemistry.