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Peng Y, Yu W, Feng X, Xu T, Früchtl H, van Mourik T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The Cis-Effect Explained Using Next-Generation QTAIM. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186099. [PMID: 36144830 PMCID: PMC9506152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We used next-generation QTAIM (NG-QTAIM) to explain the cis-effect for two families of molecules: C2X2 (X = H, F, Cl) and N2X2 (X = H, F, Cl). We explained why the cis-effect is the exception rather than the rule. This was undertaken by tracking the motion of the bond critical point (BCP) of the stress tensor trajectories Tσ(s) used to sample the Uσ-space cis- and trans-characteristics. The Tσ(s) were constructed by subjecting the C1-C2 BCP and N1-N2 BCP to torsions ± θ and summing all possible Tσ(s) from the bonding environment. During this process, care was taken to fully account for multi-reference effects. We associated bond-bending and bond-twisting components of the Tσ(s) with cis- and trans-characteristics, respectively, based on the relative ease of motion of the electronic charge density ρ(rb). Qualitative agreement is found with existing experimental data and predictions are made where experimental data is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Steven R. Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (S.J.)
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Datta S, Limpanuparb T. Steric effects vs. electron delocalization: a new look into the stability of diastereomers, conformers and constitutional isomers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20691-20700. [PMID: 35479364 PMCID: PMC9033979 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantum chemical investigation of the stability of compounds with identical formulas was carried out on 23 classes of compounds made of C, N, P, O and S atoms as core structures and halogens H, F, Cl, Br and I as substituents. All possible structures were generated and investigated by quantum mechanical methods. The prevalence of a formula in which its Z configuration, gauche conformation or meta isomer is the most stable form is calculated and discussed. Quantitative and qualitative models to explain the stability of the 23 classes of halogenated compounds were also proposed. The prevalence of a chemical formula in which its Z configuration, gauche conformation or meta isomer is the most stable form is derived from over ten thousand chemical structures. The instance of steric prediction failure is surprisingly common.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopanant Datta
- Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Taweetham Limpanuparb
- Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
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Tokuhashi K, Uchimaru T, Takizawa K, Kondo S. Rate Constants for the Reactions of OH Radicals with the ( E)/( Z) Isomers of CFCl=CFCl and ( E)-CHF=CHF. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4834-4843. [PMID: 31117589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rate constants for the OH radical reactions with halogenated ethenes were investigated experimentally and computationally. The rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with ( E)-CFCl=CFCl ( k1), ( Z)-CFCl=CFCl ( k2), and ( E)-CHF=CHF ( k3) were measured using flash and laser photolysis methods. The temporal profile of the OH radical was monitored by a laser-induced fluorescence technique. Kinetic measurements were carried out over the temperature range of 250-430 K. Arrhenius rate constants were determined to be k1 = (1.67 ± 0.06) × 10-12·exp[(140 ± 10) K/ T], k2 = (1.75 ± 0.04) × 10-12·exp[(140 ± 10) K/ T], and k3 = (3.99 ± 0.15) × 10-12·exp[(260 ± 10) K/ T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The quoted uncertainties are 95% confidence levels and do not include systematic errors. Infrared absorption spectra were measured at room temperature. The atmospheric lifetimes and the global warming potentials of ( E)-CFCl=CFCl, ( Z)-CFCl=CFCl, and ( E)-CHF=CHF were estimated to be 4.3, 4.2, and 1.2 days and 0.035, 0.036, and 0.0056, respectively. The ozone depletion potentials of ( E)-CFCl=CFCl and ( Z)-CFCl=CFCl were determined to be 0.00011 and 0.00010, respectively. The photochemical ozone creation potentials of the halogenated ethenes were less than 1/4 that of ethene. In addition, the ( E)/( Z) differences in the energy and IR spectra of the CFCl=CFCl and CHF=CHF molecules were computationally examined. The reactivities of these halogenated ethenes toward OH radicals were investigated through the combination of DFT and ab initio computations. The rate constants calculated for the OH radical reactions of these halogenated ethenes showed reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined values. Our computational results for the CFCl=CFCl and CHF=CHF ( E)/( Z) isomeric pairs indicated that the rate constants toward OH radicals are larger for the higher-energy geometrical isomers than for the lower-energy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Tokuhashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Tadafumi Uchimaru
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Kenji Takizawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Shigeo Kondo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
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4
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Azizi A, Momen R, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Non-nuclear attractors in small charged lithium clusters, Li mq (m = 2-5, q = ±1), with QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force partitioning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24695-24707. [PMID: 30225484 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation we explore the function and existence of the non-nuclear attractor (NNA) for a series of small charged lithium clusters Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) using QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning schemes. The NNAs were found to be present in all of the Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) clusters for QTAIM, in contrast none were found for F(r). We discovered that the anionic and cationic lithium dimers are limiting cases for minimal and maximal impact of the NNA related to the relative sparseness of total charge density ρ(r) distributions respectively. Evidence is found that the NNA in the anionic dimer is in the process of being annihilated by two neighboring BCPs. We provide a measure of the size of the NNA and find for Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) that larger NNAs correlate with increased Li-Li separations. The NNA was determined to be a persistent feature by varying the Li separations for the cationic and anionic dimers. Very large Li separations failed to induce an NNA in the F(r) anionic dimer and therefore we conclude that F(r) is unable to detect NNAs. The metallicity ξ(rb) was also used to measure the sparseness of the distribution of ρ(r) and significant metallic character, on the basis of ξ(rb) > 1, was present for QTAIM but not for F(r), providing further evidence that F(r) cannot detect NNAs. Advantages of the use of Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning scheme are discussed that include the design of nano-devices through tuning of the Ehrenfest potential VF(b) by the application of external forces such as a constant electric or strain field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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Georgiou DC, Haghighatbin MA, Hogan CF, Scholz MS, Bull JN, Bieske EJ, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL. A Strong
cis
‐Effect in an Imidazole‐Imidazolium‐Substituted Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayne C. Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Mohammad A. Haghighatbin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Michael S. Scholz
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - James N. Bull
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
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Georgiou DC, Haghighatbin MA, Hogan CF, Scholz MS, Bull JN, Bieske EJ, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL. A Strong
cis
‐Effect in an Imidazole‐Imidazolium‐Substituted Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8473-8480. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayne C. Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Mohammad A. Haghighatbin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Michael S. Scholz
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - James N. Bull
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School of Chemistry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
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Pietropolli Charmet A, Stoppa P, Giorgianni S, Bloino J, Tasinato N, Carnimeo I, Biczysko M, Puzzarini C. Accurate Vibrational-Rotational Parameters and Infrared Intensities of 1-Bromo-1-fluoroethene: A Joint Experimental Analysis and Ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3305-3317. [PMID: 28398055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The medium-resolution gas-phase infrared (IR) spectra of 1-bromo-1-fluoroethene (BrFC═CH2, 1,1-C2H2BrF) were investigated in the range 300-6500 cm-1, and the vibrational analysis led to the assignment of all fundamentals as well as many overtone and combination bands up to three quanta, thus giving an accurate description of its vibrational structure. Integrated band intensity data were determined with high precision from the measurements of their corresponding absorption cross sections. The vibrational analysis was supported by high-level ab initio investigations. CCSD(T) computations accounting for extrapolation to the complete basis set and core correlation effects were employed to accurately determine the molecular structure and harmonic force field. The latter was then coupled to B2PLYP and MP2 computations in order to account for mechanical and electrical anharmonicities. Second-order perturbative vibrational theory was then applied to the thus obtained hybrid force fields to support the experimental assignment of the IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Paolo Stoppa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Santi Giorgianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Julien Bloino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca CNR , Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivan Carnimeo
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures (ICQMS), College of Sciences, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Giamician", Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Pietropolli Charmet A, Stoppa P, Tasinato N, Giorgianni S, Gambi A. Study of the Vibrational Spectra and Absorption Cross Sections of 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethene by a Joint Experimental and Ab Initio Approach. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8369-8386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pietropolli Charmet
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Paolo Stoppa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza
dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa (Pi), Italy
| | - Santi Giorgianni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Alberto Gambi
- Dipartimento
Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via Cotonificio, 108, 33100 Udine (Ud), Italy
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Kaiser EW, Pierce DS. Study of the Thermodynamics (Thermal and Cl Catalyzed) and Kinetics of the Cis and Trans Isomerizations of CF3CF═CHF, CF3CH═CHCF3, and CH3CH═CHCH3 in 100–950 Torr of N2 Diluent at 296–875 K: Effect of F and CF3 Substitution on the Isomerization Process Including the Fluorine “Cis Effect”. J Phys Chem A 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. W. Kaiser
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan—Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - David S. Pierce
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan—Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
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10
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Banerjee D, Ghosh A, Chattopadhyay S, Ghosh P, Chaudhuri RK. Revisiting the ‘cis-effect’ in 1,2-difluoro derivatives of ethylene and diazene usingab initiomultireference methods. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.938710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Maza JR, Jenkins S, Kirk SR, Anderson JSM, Ayers PW. The Ehrenfest force topology: a physically intuitive approach for analyzing chemical interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17823-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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