1
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Ritter ME, DeSouza SA, Ogden HM, Michael TJ, Mullin AS. Transient IR spectroscopy of optically centrifuged CO 2 (R186-R282) and collision dynamics for the J = 244-282 states. Faraday Discuss 2024; 251:140-159. [PMID: 38766993 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Collisions of optically centrifuged CO2 molecules with J = 244-282 (Erot = 22 800-30 300 cm-1) are investigated with high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy to reveal collisional and orientational phenomena of molecules with hyper-thermal rotational energies. The optical centrifuge is a non-resonant optical excitation technique that uses ultrafast, 800 nm chirped pulses to drive molecules to extreme rotational states through sequential Raman transitions. The extent of rotational excitation is controlled by tuning the optical bandwidth of the excitation pulses. Frequencies of 30 R-branch ν3 fundamental IR probe transitions are measured for the J = 186-282 states of CO2, expanding beyond previously reported IR transitions up to J = 128. The optically centrifuged molecules have oriented angular momentum and unidirectional rotation. Polarization-sensitive transient IR absorption of individual rotational states of optically centrifuged molecules and their collision products reveals information about collisional energy transfer, relaxation kinetics, and dynamics of rotation-to-translation energy transfer. The transient IR probe also measures the extent of polarization anisotropy. Rotational energy transfer for lower energy molecules is discussed in terms of statistical models and a comparison highlights the role of increasing energy gap with J and angular momentum of the optically centrifuged molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Simone A DeSouza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Hannah M Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Tara J Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Amy S Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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2
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Amani P, Milner AA, Milner V. Selective rotational control in mixtures of molecular super-rotors. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124201. [PMID: 34598555 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally a method of all-optical selective rotational control in gas mixtures. Using an optical centrifuge-an intense laser pulse whose linear polarization rotates at an accelerated rate, we simultaneously excite two different molecular species to two different rotational frequencies of choice. The new level of control is achieved by shaping the centrifuge spectrum according to the rotational spectra of the centrifuged molecules. The shaped optical centrifuge releases one molecular species earlier than the other, therefore separating their target rotational frequencies and corresponding rotational states. The technique is applicable to molecules with non-overlapping rotational spectra in the frequency range of interest and will expand the utility of rotational control in the studies of the effects of molecular rotation on collisions and chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Amani
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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3
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Ehnbom A, Gladysz JA. Gyroscopes and the Chemical Literature, 2002–2020: Approaches to a Nascent Family of Molecular Devices. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3701-3750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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4
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MacPhail-Bartley I, Wasserman WW, Milner AA, Milner V. Laser control of molecular rotation: Expanding the utility of an optical centrifuge. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:045122. [PMID: 32357749 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since its invention in 1999, the optical centrifuge has become a powerful tool for controlling molecular rotation and studying molecular dynamics and molecular properties at extreme levels of rotational excitation. This technique has been applied to a variety of molecular species, from simple linear molecules to symmetric and asymmetric tops, to molecular ions and chiral enantiomers. Properties of isolated ultrafast rotating molecules, the so-called molecular superrotors, have been investigated, as well as their collisions with one another and the interaction with external fields. The ability of an optical centrifuge to spin a particular molecule of interest depends on both the molecular structure and the parameters of the centrifuge laser pulse. An interplay between these two factors dictates the utility of an optical centrifuge in any specific application. Here, we discuss the strategy of assessing and adjusting the properties of the centrifuge to those of the molecular rotors and describe two practical examples of optical centrifuges with very different characteristics, implemented experimentally in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian MacPhail-Bartley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Walter W Wasserman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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5
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Ogden HM, Michael TJ, Murray MJ, Liu Q, Toro C, Mullin AS. The effect of CO rotation from shaped pulse polarization on reactions that form C2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14103-14110. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06917d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of CO rotational energy on bimolecular reactions to form electronically excited C2 is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Tara J. Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | | | - Qingnan Liu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Gaithersburg
- USA
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
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6
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Stickler BA, Ghahramani FT, Hornberger K. Rotational Alignment Decay and Decoherence of Molecular Superrotors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:243402. [PMID: 30608766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.243402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the quantum master equation describing the coherent and incoherent dynamics of a rapidly rotating molecule in the presence of a thermal background gas. The master equation relates the rate of rotational alignment decay and decoherence to the microscopic scattering amplitudes, which we calculate for anisotropic van der Waals scattering. For large rotational energies, we find quantitative agreement of the resulting alignment decay rate with recent superrotor experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Stickler
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Farhad Taher Ghahramani
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran
| | - Klaus Hornberger
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Physics, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
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7
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Mullin AS. Importance of rotational adiabaticity in collisions of CO2 super rotors with Ar and He. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5009440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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8
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Mullin AS. Anisotropic kinetic energy release and gyroscopic behavior of CO2super rotors from an optical centrifuge. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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9
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Toro C, Liu Q, Mullin AS. Impulsive Collision Dynamics of CO Super Rotors from an Optical Centrifuge. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3692-3700. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Qingnan Liu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320 Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD USA
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10
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Steinitz U, Khodorkovsky Y, Hartmann J, Averbukh IS. Dynamics and Hydrodynamics of Molecular Superrotors. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3795-3810. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Steinitz
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yuri Khodorkovsky
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Jean‐Michel Hartmann
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS (UMR 7583) Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace 94010 Créteil Cedex France
| | - Ilya Sh. Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
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11
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Toro C, Liu Q, Burns DA, Alexander MH, Mullin AS. State-Specific Collision Dynamics of Molecular Super Rotors with Oriented Angular Momentum. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12471-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qingnan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David A. Burns
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Millard H. Alexander
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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12
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Khodorkovsky Y, Steinitz U, Hartmann JM, Averbukh IS. Collisional dynamics in a gas of molecular super-rotors. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7791. [PMID: 26160223 PMCID: PMC4510972 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, femtosecond laser techniques have been developed that are capable of bringing gas molecules to extremely fast rotation in a very short time, while keeping their translational motion relatively slow. Here we study collisional equilibration dynamics of this new state of molecular gases. We show that the route to equilibrium starts with a metastable 'gyroscopic stage' in the course of which the molecules maintain their fast rotation and orientation of the angular momentum through many collisions. The inhibited rotational-translational relaxation is characterized by a persistent anisotropy in the molecular angular distribution, and is manifested in the optical birefringence and anisotropic diffusion in the gas. After a certain induction time, the 'gyroscopic stage' is abruptly terminated by an explosive rotational-translational energy exchange, leading the gas towards the final equilibrium. We illustrate our conclusions by direct molecular dynamics simulation of several gases of linear molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Khodorkovsky
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uri Steinitz
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jean-Michel Hartmann
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA) CNRS (UMR 7583), Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Ilya Sh. Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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13
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Softley T. Announcement of the winner of the Longuet-Higgins Young Author's Prize 2013. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.936156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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