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Desmarais JK, Vignale G, Bencheikh K, Erba A, Pittalis S. Electron Localization Function for Noncollinear Spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:136401. [PMID: 39392993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.136401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding of bonding is key to modeling materials and predicting properties thereof. A widely adopted indicator of bonds and atomic shells is the electron localization function (ELF). The building blocks of the ELF are also used in the construction of modern density functional approximations. Here, we demonstrate that the ELF breaks down when applied beyond regular nonrelativistic quantum states. We show that for tackling general noncollinear open-shell solutions, it is essential to address both the U(1) gauge invariance, i.e., invariance under a multiplication by a position dependent phase factor, and SU(2) gauge invariance, i.e., invariance under local spin rotations, conjointly. Remarkably, we find that the extended ELF also improves the description of paradigmatic collinear states.
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Desmarais JK, Maul J, Civalleri B, Erba A, Vignale G, Pittalis S. Spin Currents via the Gauge Principle for Meta-Generalized Gradient Exchange-Correlation Functionals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:256401. [PMID: 38996240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.256401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The prominence of density functional theory in the field of electronic structure computation stems from its ability to usefully balance accuracy and computational effort. At the base of this ability is a functional of the electron density: the exchange-correlation energy. This functional satisfies known exact conditions that guide the derivation of approximations. The strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) approximation stands out as a successful, modern, example. In this Letter, we demonstrate how the SU(2) gauge invariance of the exchange-correlation functional in spin current density functional theory allows us to add an explicit dependence on spin currents in the SCAN functional (here called JSCAN)-and similar meta-generalized-gradient functional approximations-solely invoking first principles. In passing, a spin-current dependent generalization of the electron localization function (here called JELF) is also derived. The extended forms are implemented in a developer's version of the crystal23 program. Applications on molecules and materials confirm the practical relevance of the extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Pittalis
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi 213A, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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Lemmens L, De Vriendt X, Bultinck P, Acke G. Analyzing the Behavior of Spin Phases in External Magnetic Fields by Means of Spin-Constrained States. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3364-3376. [PMID: 35611406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During molecular dissociation in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field, electrons flip their spin antiparallel to the magnetic field because of the stabilizing influence of the spin Zeeman operator. Although generalized Hartree-Fock descriptions furnish the optimal mean-field energetic description of such bond-breaking processes, they are allowed to break Ŝz symmetry, leading to intricate and unexpected spin phases and phase transitions. In this work, we show that the behavior of these molecular spin phases can be interpreted in terms of spin phase diagrams constructed by constraining states to target expectation values of projected spin. The underlying constrained states offer a complete electronic characterization of the spin phases and spin phase transitions, as they can be analyzed using standard quantum chemical tools. Because the constrained states effectively span the entire phase space, they could provide an excellent starting point for post-Hartree-Fock methods aimed at gaining more electron correlation or regaining spin symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lemmens
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xeno De Vriendt
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Acke
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Habibi-Khorassani SM, Shahraki M, Talaiefar S, Ghodsi F. Ionic strength effect on the kinetics and mechanism of N-vinyl compound formation in the presence of heterocyclic biological base: empirical and theoretical approaches. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1957171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Talaiefar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghodsi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Sánchez-Murcia PA, Nogueira JJ, Plasser F, González L. Orbital-free photophysical descriptors to predict directional excitations in metal-based photosensitizers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7685-7693. [PMID: 32864087 PMCID: PMC7425079 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dye-sensitized solar cells, metalloenzyme photocatalysis or biological labeling heavily relies on the design of metal-based photosensitizes with directional excitations. Directionality is most often predicted by characterizing the excitations manually via canonical frontier orbitals. Although widespread, this traditional approach is, at the very least, cumbersome and subject to personal bias, as well as limited in many cases. Here, we demonstrate how two orbital-free photophysical descriptors allow an easy and straightforward quantification of the degree of directionality in electron excitations using chemical fragments. As proof of concept we scrutinize the effect of 22 chemical modifications on the archetype [Ru(bpy)3]2+ with a new descriptor coined "substituent-induced exciton localization" (SIEL), together with the concept of "excited-electron delocalization length" (EEDL n ). Applied to quantum ensembles of initially excited singlet and the relaxed triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states, the SIEL descriptor allows quantifying how much and whereto the exciton is promoted, as well as anticipating the effect of single modifications, e.g. on C-4 atoms of bpy units of [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The general applicability of SIEL and EEDL n is further established by rationalizing experimental trends through quantification of the directionality of the photoexcitation. We thus demonstrate that SIEL and EEDL descriptors can be synergistically employed to design improved photosensitizers with highly directional and localized electron-transfer transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
| | - Juan J Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , 28049 , Spain
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , LE11 3TU , UK
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria . ;
- Vienna Research Platform for Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery , University of Vienna , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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Guo YD, Wang JJ, Zeng HL, Yang YR, Xu XX, Yan XH. Electrically precise control of the spin polarization of electronic transport at the single-molecule level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17229-17235. [PMID: 32685948 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional magnetic means (such as ferromagnetic contacts), controlling a spin current by electrical methods could largely reduce the energy consumption and dimensions of nano-devices, which has become a focus of research in spintronics. Inspired by recent progress in the synthesis of an iron-based metal-organic nanostructure, we investigate the spin-dependent electronic transport of the molecule of Fe3-terpyridine-phenyl-phenyl-terpyridine-Fe3 (Fe3-TPPT-Fe3) through first-principles calculations, and propose a three-terminal device without ferromagnetics. By applying a gate voltage, not only the spin polarization can be switched between 100% and -100% to achieve a dual-spin filter, but also its fine regulation can be realized, where the transmission with any ratio of spin-up to spin-down electron numbers is achievable. Analysis shows that the particular transmission spectra are the key mechanism, where two peaks reside discretely on both sides of the Fermi level with opposite spins. Such a feature is found to be robust to the number of Fe atoms and TPPT chain length, suggesting that it is an intrinsic feature of such systems and very conducive to practical applications. The electrical control (such as an electric field) of spin polarization is realized at the single-molecule level, showing great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Guo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Irons TJP, Spence L, David G, Speake BT, Helgaker T, Teale AM. Analyzing Magnetically Induced Currents in Molecular Systems Using Current-Density-Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1321-1333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. P. Irons
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
| | - Lucy Spence
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
| | - Grégoire David
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
| | | | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew M. Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
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Sun S, Williams-Young DB, Stetina TF, Li X. Generalized Hartree–Fock with Nonperturbative Treatment of Strong Magnetic Fields: Application to Molecular Spin Phase Transitions. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:348-356. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Torin F. Stetina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Sen S, Tellgren EI. A local tensor that unifies kinetic energy density and vorticity in density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5041931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik I. Tellgren
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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Alvarez-Thon L, Mammino L. Information on Gas-Phase Diatomic Molecules from Magnetically Induced Current Densities. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:52-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Central de Chile; Toesca 1783 Santiago Chile
| | - Liliana Mammino
- Department of Chemistry; University of Venda, P/bag X5050; Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa
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Irons TJP, Zemen J, Teale AM. Efficient Calculation of Molecular Integrals over London Atomic Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3636-3649. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. P. Irons
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Zemen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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