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Sahoo D, Peterca M, Percec V. Unwinding Spherical Helices Increases Entropy and Stability of Frank-Kasper and Body-Centered-Cubic Periodic Arrays To Facilitate Discrimination between Self-Organization Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:32298-32304. [PMID: 39556721 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Spherical supramolecular dendrimers including helical, self-organize soft Frank-Kasper, other cubic such as body-centered cubic, and quasicrystal periodic and quasiperiodic arrays. When any of these periodic or quasiperiodic arrays forms immediately above a columnar phase, a supramolecular orientational memory effect was found to discriminate between mechanisms of self-organization of supramolecular spheres and generate unprecedented periodic arrays of helical columns which cannot be constructed by any other methodology. Here, we demonstrate that unwinding spherical helices, via their precursor nonhelical columns, increases the entropy and stability of their periodic and quasiperiodic spherical arrays and places the Frank-Kasper and other cubic phases immediately above the columnar phase. This process is not available in biology where spherical viruses self-organize body-centered cubic lattices. However, this concept reengineers, on increasing temperature, the originally expected position of the periodic and quasiperiodic array versus that of the columnar lattice. This process facilitates discrimination between different self-organization mechanisms of supramolecular spheres and also mediates the emergence of unprecedentedly complex and technologically important periodic arrays of nonhelical columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Percec V, Sahoo D, Adamson J. Stimuli-Responsive Principles of Supramolecular Organizations Emerging from Self-Assembling and Self-Organizable Dendrons, Dendrimers, and Dendronized Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081832. [PMID: 37111979 PMCID: PMC10142069 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All activities of our daily life, of the nature surrounding us and of the entire society and its complex economic and political systems are affected by stimuli. Therefore, understanding stimuli-responsive principles in nature, biology, society, and in complex synthetic systems is fundamental to natural and life sciences. This invited Perspective attempts to organize, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time the stimuli-responsive principles of supramolecular organizations emerging from self-assembling and self-organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers. Definitions of stimulus and stimuli from different fields of science are first discussed. Subsequently, we decided that supramolecular organizations of self-assembling and self-organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers may fit best in the definition of stimuli from biology. After a brief historical introduction to the discovery and development of conventional and self-assembling and self-organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers, a classification of stimuli-responsible principles as internal- and external-stimuli was made. Due to the enormous amount of literature on conventional dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers as well as on their self-assembling and self-organizable systems we decided to discuss stimuli-responsive principles only with examples from our laboratory. We apologize to all contributors to dendrimers and to the readers of this Perspective for this space-limited decision. Even after this decision, restrictions to a limited number of examples were required. In spite of this, we expect that this Perspective will provide a new way of thinking about stimuli in all fields of self-organized complex soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Chemical Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Jun T, Park H, Jeon S, Ahn H, Jang WD, Lee B, Ryu DY. Apex hydrogen bonds in dendron assemblies modulate close-packed mesocrystal structures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16936-16943. [PMID: 36345976 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The close-packed mesocrystal structures from soft-matter assemblies have recently received attention due to their structural similarity to atomic crystals, displaying various sphere-packing Frank-Kasper (FK) and quasicrystal structures. Herein, diverse mesocrystal structures are explored in second-generation dendrons (G2-X) designed with identical wedges, in which the terminal functionalities X = CONH2 and CH2NH2 represent two levels of the strong and weak hydrogen-bonding apexes, respectively. The cohesive interactions at the core apex, referred to as the core interactions, are effectively modulated by forming heterogeneous hydrogen bonds between these two functional units. For the dendron assemblies compositionally close to each pure component of G2-CONH2 and G2-CH2NH2, their own FK A15 and C14 phases dominate other phases, respectively. We show the existence of the wide-range FK σ including the dodecagonal quasicrystal (DDQC) phases from the dendron mixtures between G2-CONH2 and G2-CH2NH2, providing an experimental phase sequence of A15-σ-DDQC-C14 as the core interactions are alleviated. Intriguingly, the temperature dependence of particle sizes shows that the high plateau values of particle sizes are maintained equivalently until each threshold temperature (Tth), followed by a prompt decrease above the Tth. A decrease in Tth by alleviating the core interactions and its composition dependence suggest that the more size-dispersed particles, the more susceptibility to chain exchange with increasing temperature. Our results on the formation of supramolecular dendron assemblies provide a guide to understand the core-interaction-dependent mesocrystal structures toward the fundamental principle underlying the temperature dependence of their particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesuk Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Seungbae Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Industry Technology Convergence Centre, Pohang Accelerator, Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Percec V, Wang S, Huang N, Partridge BE, Wang X, Sahoo D, Hoffman DJ, Malineni J, Peterca M, Jezorek RL, Zhang N, Daud H, Sung PD, McClure ER, Song SL. An Accelerated Modular-Orthogonal Ni-Catalyzed Methodology to Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Constitutional Isomeric AB 2 to AB 9 Dendrons Exhibiting Unprecedented Self-Organizing Principles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17724-17743. [PMID: 34637302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Five libraries of natural and synthetic phenolic acids containing five AB3, ten constitutional isomeric AB2, one AB4, and one AB5 were previously synthesized and reported by our laboratory in 5 to 11 steps. They were employed to construct seven libraries of self-assembling dendrons, by divergent generational, deconstruction, and combined approaches, enabling the discovery of a diversity of supramolecular assemblies including Frank-Kasper phases, soft quasicrystals, and complex helical organizations, some undergoing deracemization in the crystal state. However, higher substitution patterns within a single dendron were not accessible. Here we report three libraries consisting of 30 symmetric and nonsymmetric constitutional isomeric phenolic acids with unprecedented sequenced patterns, including two AB2, three AB3, eight AB4, five AB5, six AB6, three AB7, two AB8, and one AB9 synthesized by accelerated modular-orthogonal Ni-catalyzed borylation and cross-coupling. A single etherification step with 4-(n-dodecyloxy)benzyl chloride transformed all these phenolic acids, of interest also for other applications, into self-assembling dendrons. Despite this synthetic simplicity, they led to a diversity of unprecedented self-organizing principles: lamellar structures of interest for biological membrane mimics, helical columnar assemblies from rigid-solid angle dendrons forming Tobacco Mosaic Virus-like assemblies, columnar organizations from adaptable-solid angle dendrons forming disordered micellar-like nonhelical columns, columns from supramolecular spheres, five body-centered cubic phases displaying supramolecular orientational memory, rarely encountered in previous libraries forming predominantly Frank-Kasper phases, and two Frank-Kasper phases. Lessons from these self-organizing principles, discovered within a single generation of self-assembling dendrons, may help elaborate design principles for complex helical and nonhelical organizations of synthetic and biological matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shitao Wang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ning Huang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Benjamin E Partridge
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - David J Hoffman
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jagadeesh Malineni
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ryan L Jezorek
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Na Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Hina Daud
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Paul D Sung
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Emily R McClure
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Se Lin Song
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Jun T, Park H, Jeon S, Jo S, Ahn H, Jang WD, Lee B, Ryu DY. Mesoscale Frank-Kasper Crystal Structures from Dendron Assembly by Controlling Core Apex Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17548-17556. [PMID: 34653334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-component polymeric materials open up a great potential for self-assembly into mesoscale complex crystal structures that are known as Frank-Kasper (FK) phases. Predicting the packing structures of the soft-matter spheres, however, remains a challenge even when the molecular design is precisely known. Here, we investigate the role of the molecules' enthalpic interaction in determining the low-symmetry crystal structures. To this end, we synthesize architecturally asymmetric dendrons by varying their apex functionalities and examine the packing structures of the second-generation (G2) dendritic wedges. Our work shows that weakening the hydrogen bonding of the dendron apex makes the particles softer and smaller, and leads to the formation of various FK structures at lower temperatures, including the new observation of a FK C14 phase in the cone-shaped dendron systems. As a consequence of the free energy balance between the particle's interfacial tension and the chain's stretching, various packing structures are mainly tuned by designing the hydrogen bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesuk Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seungbae Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seungyun Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Industry Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Jeon S, Jun T, Jeon HI, Ahn H, Lee S, Lee B, Ryu DY. Various Low-Symmetry Phases in High-χ and Conformationally Asymmetric PDMS- b-PTFEA Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungbae Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Taesuk Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hui Il Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Industry Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Accelerator Lavatory, 80 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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