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Bandura A, Holovko M, Lvov S. The chemical potential of a dipole in dipolar solvent at infinite dilution: Mean spherical approximation and Monte Carlo simulation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Lamichhane M, Parsons T, Newman KE, Gezelter JD. Real space electrostatics for multipoles. III. Dielectric properties. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:074108. [PMID: 27544088 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Papers I and II, we developed new shifted potential, gradient shifted force, and Taylor shifted force real-space methods for multipole interactions in condensed phase simulations. Here, we discuss the dielectric properties of fluids that emerge from simulations using these methods. Most electrostatic methods (including the Ewald sum) require correction to the conducting boundary fluctuation formula for the static dielectric constants, and we discuss the derivation of these corrections for the new real space methods. For quadrupolar fluids, the analogous material property is the quadrupolar susceptibility. As in the dipolar case, the fluctuation formula for the quadrupolar susceptibility has corrections that depend on the electrostatic method being utilized. One of the most important effects measured by both the static dielectric and quadrupolar susceptibility is the ability to screen charges embedded in the fluid. We use potentials of mean force between solvated ions to discuss how geometric factors can lead to distance-dependent screening in both quadrupolar and dipolar fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Lamichhane
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Thomas Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Kathie E Newman
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J Daniel Gezelter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Wang H, Nakamura H, Fukuda I. A critical appraisal of the zero-multipole method: Structural, thermodynamic, dielectric, and dynamical properties of a water system. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:114503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4943956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Huayuan Road 6, 100088 Beijing, China and Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuo Fukuda
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Bose TK, Saha J. Ferroelectric domain formation in discotic liquid crystals: Monte Carlo study on the influence of boundary conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042503. [PMID: 26565261 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a spontaneous macroscopic ferroelectric order in fluids of anisotropic mesogens is a topic of both fundamental and technological interest. Recently we demonstrated that a system of dipolar achiral disklike ellipsoids can exhibit long-searched ferroelectric liquid crystalline phases of dipolar origin. In the present work, extensive off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the phase behavior of the system under the influences of the electrostatic boundary conditions that restrict any global polarization. We find that the system develops strongly ferroelectric slablike domains periodically arranged in an antiferroelectric fashion. Exploring the phase behavior at different dipole strengths, we find existence of the ferroelectric nematic and ferroelectric columnar order inside the domains. For higher dipole strengths, a biaxial phase is also obtained with a similar periodic array of ferroelectric slabs of antiparallel polarizations. We have studied the depolarizing effects by using both the Ewald summation and the spherical cutoff techniques. We present and compare the results of the two different approaches of considering the depolarizing effects in this anisotropic system. It is explicitly shown that the domain size increases with the system size as a result of considering a longer range of dipolar interactions. The system exhibits pronounced system size effects for stronger dipolar interactions. The results provide strong evidence to the novel understanding that the dipolar interactions are indeed sufficient to produce long-range ferroelectric order in anisotropic fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Bose
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Jayashree Saha
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Spura T, John C, Habershon S, Kühne TD. Nuclear quantum effects in liquid water from path-integral simulations using anab initioforce-matching approach. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.981231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Caillol JM, Trulsson M. A new dipolar potential for numerical simulations of polar fluids on the 4D hypersphere. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124111. [PMID: 25273416 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new method for Monte Carlo or Molecular Dynamics numerical simulations of three-dimensional polar fluids. The simulation cell is defined to be the surface of the northern hemisphere of a four-dimensional (hyper)sphere. The point dipoles are constrained to remain tangent to the sphere and their interactions are derived from the basic laws of electrostatics in this geometry. The dipole-dipole potential has two singularities which correspond to the following boundary conditions: when a dipole leaves the northern hemisphere at some point of the equator, it reappears at the antipodal point bearing the same dipole moment. We derive all the formal expressions needed to obtain the thermodynamic and structural properties of a polar liquid at thermal equilibrium in actual numerical simulation. We notably establish the expression of the static dielectric constant of the fluid as well as the behavior of the pair correlation at large distances. We report and discuss the results of extensive numerical Monte Carlo simulations for two reference states of a fluid of dipolar hard spheres and compare these results with previous methods with a special emphasis on finite size effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Trulsson
- University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, LPTMS, UMR 8626, Orsay F-91405, France
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GIL-VILLEGAS BALEJANDRO, McGROTHER and GEORGE JACKSON SIMONC. Reaction-field and Ewald summation methods in Monte Carlo simulations of dipolar liquid crystals. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/002689797170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Johnson LE, Barnes R, Draxler TW, Eichinger BE, Robinson BH. Dielectric constants of simple liquids: stockmayer and ellipsoidal fluids. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:8431-40. [PMID: 20527870 DOI: 10.1021/jp1010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained models of molecular interactions are of interest because they convey the essence of molecular interactions in simple and easy to understand form. However, coarse-grained models fail to adequately predict some material properties, such as the failure of the Stockmayer model to reproduce the dielectric behavior of highly polar liquids. We examine the behavior of the Stockmayer fluid over a range of dipole densities that covers known organic solvents, as well as that of an ellipsoidal Stockmayer-like fluid, using NVT rigid-body Monte Carlo simulations. Both fluids are examined under different electrostatic boundary conditions and ensemble sizes. While the Stockmayer model predicts that liquids of similar dipole density to acetonitrile would be ferroelectric and have a dielectric constant far higher than shown by experiment, the ellipsoidal model provides a better accounting of dielectric behavior. This result bodes well for the use of coarse-grained solvent models for large-scale simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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10
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Wu SC, Wasan DT, Nikolov AD. Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Similarly Charged Granular Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0708125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - D. T. Wasan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
| | - A. D. Nikolov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616
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Karlström G. Formation of Ferroelectric Domains Observed in Simulation of Droplets of Dipolar Particles. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10745-58. [PMID: 17705419 DOI: 10.1021/jp072178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work it is shown that domains of ordered dipoles are formed in large droplets made from dipolar particles provided that the dipole-dipole interaction between nearest neighbors is larger than the thermal energy. The size of the domains grows almost linearly with the size of the droplets for droplets containing 1000-30 000 particles. The largest domains occupy around 25-35% of the droplet volume. The total dipole moment of a domain is of the order of 3-10% of the maximum dipole moment possible if all dipoles in the domain were parallel. The finding offers an explanation to the observation that different boundary conditions yield different long-range order for dipolar liquids and challenges the present view of a short-range dipolar order in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Karlström
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Lund, P.O.B. 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Stell G, Patey GN, Høye JS. Dielectric Constants of Fluid Models: Statistical Mechanical Theory and its Quantitative Implementation. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470142684.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Impey R, Madden P, Tildesley D. On the calculation of the orientational correlation parameterg2. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978100103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Steinhauser
- a Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Strahlenchemie, Universität Wien , Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 , Wien , Austria
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15
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Adams D, Adams E. Static dielectric properties of the Stockmayer fluid from computer simulation. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978100100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Rushbrooke G. On incorporating the second dielectric virial coefficient into theories which omit it. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978100101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Caillol J, Levesque D, Weis J. Theoretical determination of the dielectric constant of a two dimensional dipolar fluid. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978100102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Boda D, Winkelmann J, Liszi J, Szalai I. Vapour-liquid equilibrium of Stockmayer fluids in applied field. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979600100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dezső Boda
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Veszprém , H-8201 , Veszprém , PO Box 158, Hungary
| | - Jochen Winkelmann
- b Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06217 , Merseburg , Germany
| | - János Liszi
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Veszprém , H-8201 , Veszprém , PO Box 158, Hungary
| | - István Szalai
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Veszprém , H-8201 , Veszprém , PO Box 158, Hungary
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21
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Neumann M, Steinhauser O, Pawley GS. Consistent calculation of the static and frequency-dependent dielectric constant in computer simulations. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978400101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Evans W, Powles J. The computer simulation of the dielectric properties of polar liquids. The dielectric constant and relaxation of liquid hydrogen chloride. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978200100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Tani A, Henderson D, Barker J, Hecht C. Application of perturbation theory to the calculation of the dielectric constant of a dipolar hard sphere fluid. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978300100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Geerlings JD, Varma CAGO, van Hemert MC. Molecular Dynamics Studies of a Dipole in Liquid Dioxanes. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9926746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Desiree Geerlings
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cyril A. G. O. Varma
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. van Hemert
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kiyohara K, Oh KJ, Zeng XC, Ohta K. The Boundary Condition in the Gibbs Ensemble Simulation of a Stockmayer Fluid under an Applied Field. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/08927029908022114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Blankenship KD, Shah VM, Tsouris C. DISTILLATION UNDER ELECTRIC FIELDS*. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399908951099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Essex JW. The Application of the Reaction-Field Method to the Calculation of Dielectric Constants. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/08927029808024175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Leuwerink FTH, Briels WJ. Dielectric Constant and Structure of Liquid 18-Crown-6 Calculated from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9613908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. Leuwerink
- Chemical Physics Laboratory, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - W. J. Briels
- Chemical Physics Laboratory, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
The Berne-Pechukas-Kushick potential for linear molecules, together with a central electric point dipole, has been used as the model for polar liquids in a series of molecular dynamics computer simulations. Different simulations used Ewald summation, spherical cut off and spherical cut off with reaction field correction to sum the dipole-dipole interactions, and the relative merits of these methods are discussed. Results for thermodynamic properties and the distribution function
h
∆
(
r
) are presented. Results for the autocorrelation functions for dipole orientation and angular velocity are also presented, and discussed in terms of memory functions, particularly with regard to the Steele perturbation theory. The complex, frequency-dependent dielectric constant has been calculated from the memory function of the autocorrelation function of the periodic cube dipole moment, and results are presented in the form of Cole-Cole plots. The ‘dielectric friction’ approach to polar liquids is examined against the evidence of the molecular dynamics data. Attention is drawn to the behaviour of the cross correlations between dipole orientations and their importance to the problem of dielectric relaxation is emphasized.
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Boda D, Kalmár B, Liszi J, Szalai I. Fluid–fluid equilibrium of a mixture of non-polar and dipolar hard spheres in an applied field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9969202709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boda D, Szalai I, Liszi J. Influence of static electric field on the vapour–liquid coexistence of dipolar soft-sphere fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9959100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kusalik P. Computer simulation study of a highly polar fluid under the influence of static electric fields. Mol Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979400100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Caillol JM, Levesque D. Numerical simulations of homogeneous and inhomogeneous ionic systems: An efficient alternative to the Ewald method. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.460326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kusalik PG. Computer simulation results for the dielectric properties of a highly polar fluid. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ruff I, Diestler DJ. Isothermal–isobaric molecular dynamics simulation of liquid water. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fries P, Cosnard M. Résolution des équations intégrales des fluides à potentiels intermoléculaires anisotropes par l'algorithme Général de Minimisation du RESte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1051/jphys:01987004805072300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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41
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Gray CG, Sainger YS, Joslin CG, Cummings PT, Goldman S. Computer simulation of dipolar fluids. Dependence of the dielectric constant on system size: A comparative study of Ewald sum and reaction field approaches. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Brooks CL, Pettitt BM, Karplus M. Structural and energetic effects of truncating long ranged interactions in ionic and polar fluids. J Chem Phys 1985. [DOI: 10.1063/1.449621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fries PH, Patey GN. The solution of the hypernetted‐chain approximation for fluids of nonspherical particles. A general method with application to dipolar hard spheres. J Chem Phys 1985. [DOI: 10.1063/1.448764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Warshel A, Russell ST. Calculations of electrostatic interactions in biological systems and in solutions. Q Rev Biophys 1984; 17:283-422. [PMID: 6098916 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500005333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Correlating the structure and action of biological molecules requires knowledge of the corresponding relation between structure and energy. Probably the most important factors in such a structure– energy correlation are associated with electrostatic interactions. Thus the key requirement for quantative understanding of the action of biological molecules is the ability to correlate electrostatic interactions with structural information. To appreciate this point it is useful to compare the electrostatic energy of a charged amino acid in a polar solvent to the corresponding van der Waals energy. The electrostatic free energy, ΔGel, can be approximated (as will be shown in Section II) by the Born formula (ΔGel= –(166Q2/ā) (I – I/E)). Where ΔGelis given in kcal/mol,Qis the charge of the given group, in units of electron charge,āis the effective radius of the group, andEis the dielectric constant of the solvent. With an effective radius of charged amino acids of approximately 2 Å, Born's formula gives about – 80 kcal/mol for their energy in polar solvents whereEis larger than 10. This energy is two orders of magnitude larger than the van der Waals interaction of such groups and their surroundings.
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Hesse‐Bezot C, Bossis G, Brot C. New molecular dynamics simulation of a 3D fluid of Stockmayer and modified Stockmayer particles. J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.447095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Andrea TA, Swope WC, Andersen HC. The role of long ranged forces in determining the structure and properties of liquid water. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Neumann M, Steinhauser O. On the calculation of the dielectric constant using the Ewald-Kornfeld tensor. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)80585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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