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Wan Iskandar WFN, Salim M, Patrick M, Timimi BA, Zahid NI, Hashim R. Probing n-Octyl α-d-Glycosides Using Deuterated Water in the Lyotropic Phase by Deuterium NMR. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4393-4408. [PMID: 33885309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lyotropic phase behavior of four common and easily accessible glycosides, n-octyl α-d-glycosides, namely, α-Glc-OC8, α-Man-OC8, α-Gal-OC8, and α-Xyl-OC8, was investigated. The presence of normal hexagonal (HI), bicontinuous cubic (VI), and lamellar (Lα) phases in α-Glc-OC8 and α-Man-OC8 including their phase diagrams in water reported previously was verified by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR), via monitoring the D2O spectra. Additionally, the partial binary phase diagrams and the liquid crystal structures formed by α-Gal-OC8 and α-Xyl-OC8 in D2O were constructed and confirmed using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and 2H NMR. The average number of bound water molecules (nb) per headgroup in the Lα phase was determined by the systematic measurement of the quadrupolar splitting of D2O over a wide range of molar ratio values (glycoside/D2O), especially at high glucoside composition. The number of bound water molecules bound to the headgroup was found to be around 1.5-2.0 for glucoside, mannoside, and galactoside, all of which possesses four OH groups. In the case of xyloside, which has only three OH groups, the bound water content is ∼2.0. Our findings confirmed that the bound water content of all n-octyl α-d-glycosides studied is lower compared to the number of possible hydrogen bonding sites possibly due to the fact that most of the OH groups are involved in intralayer interaction that holds the lipid assembly together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Farah Nasuha Wan Iskandar
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Melonney Patrick
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bakir A Timimi
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - N Idayu Zahid
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rauzah Hashim
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Molecular and Segmental Orientational Order in a Smectic Mesophase of a Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystal. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigate conformational dynamics in the smectic A phase formed by the mesogenic ionic liquid 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate. Solid-state high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra are recorded in the sample with the mesophase director aligned in the magnetic field of the NMR spectrometer. The applied NMR method, proton encoded local field spectroscopy, delivers heteronuclear dipolar couplings of each 13C spin to its 1H neighbours. From the analysis of the dipolar couplings, orientational order parameters of the C–H bonds along the hydrocarbon chain were determined. The estimated value of the molecular order parameter S is significantly lower compared to that in smectic phases of conventional non-ionic liquid crystals.
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Hashim R, Sugimura A, Nguan HS, Rahman M, Zimmermann H. Anhydrous octyl-glucoside phase transition from lamellar to isotropic induced by electric and magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:084702. [PMID: 28249421 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A static deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2HNMR) technique (magnetic field, B = 7.05 T) was employed to monitor the thermotropic lamellar phase of the anhydrous 1:1 mixture sample of octyl-b-D-glucoside (βOG) and that of partially deuterium labelled at the alpha position on the chain, i.e.,βOG-d2 In the absence of an electric field, the 2H NMR spectrum of the mixture gives a typical quadrupolar doublet representing the aligned lamellar phase. Upon heating to beyond the clearing temperature at 112 °C, this splitting converts to a single line expected for an isotropic phase. Simultaneous application of magnetic and electric fields (E = 0.4 MV/m) at 85 °C in the lamellar phase, whose direction was set to be parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field, resulted in the change of the doublet into a single line and this recovers to the initial doublet with time for both experimental geometries. This implies E- and B-field-induced phase transitions from the lamellar to an isotropic phase and a recovery to the lamellar phase again with time. Moreover, these phase transformations are accompanied by a transient current. A similar observation was made in a computational study when an electric field was applied to a water cluster system. Increasing the field strength distorts the water cluster and weakens its hydrogen bonds leading to a structural breakdown beyond a threshold field-strength. Therefore, we suggest the observed field-induced transition is likely due to a structure change of the βOG lamellar assembly caused by the field effect and not due to Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauzah Hashim
- Centre of Fundamental and Frontier Science of Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Akihiko Sugimura
- School of Information Systems Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University, 3-1-1 Nakagaito, Daito-Shi, Osaka 574-8530, Japan
| | - Hock-Seng Nguan
- Centre of Fundamental and Frontier Science of Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Matiur Rahman
- Centre of Fundamental and Frontier Science of Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Department of Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Boeffel C, Hisgen B, Pschorn U, Ringsdorf H, Spiess HW. Structure and Dynamics of Liquid Crystalline Polymers from Deuteron NMR. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Misran O, Timimi BA, Heidelberg T, Sugimura A, Hashim R. Deuterium NMR Investigation of the lyotropic phases of alkyl β-glycoside/D2O systems. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7335-44. [PMID: 23718628 DOI: 10.1021/jp401787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the phase behavior of four glycosides (βC8OGlc, βC8SGlc, βC10OGlc, βC8OGal) in water and D2O by optical polarizing microscopy and deuterium NMR. Previously published phase diagrams were evaluated by deuterium NMR, via monitoring D2O spectra, and confirmed the presence of the hexagonal, bicontinuous cubic, and lamellar phases in these glycosides. We have also shown the presence of the gel phase in (βC10OGlc) and observed the extensive supercooling of the lamellar phase to temperatures well below the Kraft line. While the main features of the phase diagrams were confirmed, some phase boundaries were found to be slightly different. Magnetically aligned spectra were also observed for relatively dilute samples for the hexagonal phase (βC8OGlc and βC8OGal) and the lamellar phase (βC8SGlc and βC10OGlc). The average number of bound water molecules per headgroup in the lamellar phase for the glycosides was determined by the systematic measurement of the quadrupolar splitting of D2O over a wide range of values of the (glycoside/water) molar ratio. The number of water molecules bound to the headgroup was found on average to be about 1.6-1.7 water molecules with no significant differences in this value for the different glycosides (and over the temperature range investigated), indicating that the bound water content is predominately influenced by the number of hydroxyl groups of the headgroup only. However, this bound water content of only 1.6-1.7 water molecules per sugar headgroup is surprisingly low, suggesting strong intermolecular interactions of the OH groups of headgroup sugars. The results are in line with computational results reported earlier for the octyl-β-glucoside and β-galactoside, which show the presence of strong intralayer hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Emsley J, Luckhurst G, Parsons P, Timimi B. Chain orientational order and the re-entrant nematic phase. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978500102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Emsley
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , England
| | - G.R. Luckhurst
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , England
| | - P.J. Parsons
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , England
| | - B.A. Timimi
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , England
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7
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Calucci L, Catalano D, Ghedini M, Jones NL, Pucci D, Veracini CA. 2H NMR Study of the Cyclopalladated 4,4′-Bis (Hexyloxy)-Azoxybenzene, a Complex Showing a Nematic Phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259608031894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calucci
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Pisa , via Risorgimento 35, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Donata Catalano
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Pisa , via Risorgimento 35, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Mauro Ghedini
- b Dipartimento di Chimica , Università della Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 , Cosenza , Italy
| | - Nicola L. Jones
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Pisa , via Risorgimento 35, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Daniela Pucci
- b Dipartimento di Chimica , Università della Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 , Cosenza , Italy
| | - Carlo A. Veracini
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Pisa , via Risorgimento 35, 56126 , Pisa , Italy
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Emsley J, Luckhurst G, Stockley C. The deuterium and proton-{deuterium} N.M.R. spectra of the partially deuteriated nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978100102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Counsell C, Emsley J, Heaton N, Luckhurst G. Orientational ordering in uniaxial liquid crystals. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978500103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Boden N, Clark L, Clarke C, Kahol P. N.M.R. solid echoes in systems of coupled pairs of spins-1/2. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978300102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Sinton S, Zax D, Murdoch J, Pines A. Multiple-quantum N.M.R. study of molecular structure and ordering in a liquid crystal. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268978400102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Anesta E, Iannacchione GS, Garland CW. Critical linear thermal expansion in the smectic-A phase near the nematic-smectic phase transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 70:041703. [PMID: 15600421 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.041703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent high-resolution x-ray investigations of the smectic- A (SmA) phase near the nematic-to-SmA transition provide information about the critical behavior of the linear thermal expansion coefficient alpha// parallel to the director. Combining such data with available volume thermal expansion alpha(V) data yields the in-plane linear expansion coefficient alpha(perpendicular) . The critical behaviors of alpha// and alpha(perpendicular) are the same as those for alpha(V) and the heat capacity Cp. However, for any given liquid crystal, alpha//(crit) and alpha(perpendicular)(crit) differ in sign. Furthermore, the quantity alpha// (crit) is positive for SmAd partial bilayer smectics, while it is negative for nonpolar SmAm monomeric smectics. This feature is discussed in terms of the molecular structural aspects of these smectic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anesta
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
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13
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Arcioni A, Bacchiocchi C, Grossi L, Nicolini A, Zannoni C. Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Order and Dynamics in a Nematic Liquid Crystal Containing a Dispersed Hydrophobic Aerosil. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arcioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini”, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Bacchiocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini”, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loris Grossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini”, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nicolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini”, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Zannoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini”, Università, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Dvinskikh SV, Furó I, Sandström D, Maliniak A, Zimmermann H. Deuterium stimulated-echo-type PGSE NMR experiments for measuring diffusion: application to a liquid crystal. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2001; 153:83-91. [PMID: 11700084 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2001.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The accessibility of molecular self-diffusion coefficients in anisotropic materials, such as liquid crystals or solids, by stimulated-echo-type (2)H PGSE NMR is examined. The amplitude and phase modulation of the signal in the stimulated-echo-type sequence by the static quadrupole coupling during the encoding/decoding delays is suppressed by adjusting the pulse flip angles and the phase cycle. For nuclei that experience both nonnegligible quadrupole and dipole couplings, the application of magic echoes during the evolution periods of stimulated echo is demonstrated as a helpful technique in the case of slow diffusion. These findings are demonstrated by experimental results in the thermotropic liquid crystal of partially deuterated 8CB. The obtained diffusion coefficients are also compared to data obtained by a (1)H homonuclear-decoupling-type PGSE NMR method in the same material.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Dvinskikh
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Lansac Y, Glaser MA, Clark NA. Microscopic structure and dynamics of a partial bilayer smectic liquid crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:051703. [PMID: 11735941 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.051703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobiphenyls (nCB's) represent a useful and intensively studied class of mesogens. Many of the peculiar properties of nCB's (e.g., the occurrence of the partial bilayer smectic-A(d) phase) are thought to be a manifestation of short-range antiparallel association of neighboring molecules, resulting from strong dipole-dipole interactions between cyano groups. To test and extend existing models of microscopic ordering in nCB's, we carry out large-scale atomistic simulation studies of the microscopic structure and dynamics of the Sm-A(d) phase of 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB). We compute a variety of thermodynamic, structural, and dynamical properties for this material, and make a detailed comparison of our results with experimental measurements in order to validate our molecular model. Semiquantitative agreement with experiment is found: the smectic layer spacing and mass density are well reproduced, translational diffusion constants are similar to experiment, but the orientational ordering of alkyl chains is overestimated. This simulation provides a detailed picture of molecular conformation, smectic layer structure, and intermolecular correlations in Sm-A(d) 8CB, and demonstrates that pronounced short-range antiparallel association of molecules arising from dipole-dipole interactions plays a dominant role in determining the molecular-scale structure of 8CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lansac
- Condensed Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, and Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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16
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A theory of orientational ordering in uniaxial liquid crystals composed of molecules with alkyl chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1982.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The constituent molecules of thermotropic liquid crystals invariably contain an aromatic core to which is attached one and often two
n
-alkyl chains. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations have revealed that the chain does not exist entirely in an all-
trans
configuration and that the orientational order of the methylene groups varies markedly along the chain. In this paper we develop a theory to explain these variations for a uniaxial phase at a given temperature and pressure. Our theory contains two distinct parts: one is a model for the conformational distribution of the alkyl chains while the other is for the potential of mean torque experienced by a conformer and which is responsible for its alignment with respect to the director. We use the rotameric state model developed by Flory to describe the conformations adopted by the alkyl chain. The potential of mean torque presents a more difficult problem and we assume that it may be represented by a sum of contributions from each rigid group in the molecule. The order parameters for the methylene and methyl groups in the alkyl chains of the 4-
n
-pentyl and 4-
n
-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyls predicted by the theory are found to be in good accord with those obtained experimentally. We have also used the theory to predict the conformational distributions for both the isotropic and nematic phases of these mesogens; the calculated distributions are contrasted with those assumed by other models. In addition we have obtained the ordering matrices for the various conformers adopted by the two 4-
n
-alkyl-4'-cyanobiphenyls. The results of these calculations do not support the notion that the orientational order of such molecules can be described by a single, cylindrically symmetric ordering matrix.
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18
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Boden N, Jones SA, Sixl F. On the use of deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance as a probe of chain packing in lipid bilayers. Biochemistry 1991; 30:2146-55. [PMID: 1998675 DOI: 10.1021/bi00222a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The packing of hydrocarbon chains in the bilayers of lamellar (L alpha) phases of soap/water and phospholipid/water mixtures has been studied by deuterium NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. A universal correlation is shown to exist between the average C-D bond order parameter SCD of hydrocarbon chains and the average area per chain ach, irrespective of the chemical structure of the surfactant (hydrophilic group, number of chains per molecule, and chain length), composition, and temperature. The practical utility of the correlation is illustrated by its application to the characterization of the distribution of various hydrophobic and amphiphilic solutes in bilayers. The distribution of hydrocarbons within a bilayer is shown to depend upon their molecular structure in a manner which highlights the nature of the molecular interactions involved. For example, benzene is shown to be fairly uniformly distributed across the bilayer with an increasing tendency to distribute into the center at high concentrations. In contrast, the more complex hydrocarbon tetradecane preferentially distributes into the center of the bilayer at low concentrations, while at higher concentrations it intercalates between the surfactant chains. Alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, octanol, and decanol all interact similarly with the bilayer in so far as they are pinned to the polar/apolar interface, presumably by involvement of the hydroxyl group in a hydrogen bond. But the response of the surfactant chains to the void volume created in the center of the bilayer is dependent upon the distance of penetration of the alcohol into the bilayer. For benzyl alcohol, the shortest molecule, this void volume is taken up by the disordering of the chains, while for decanol, the longest molecule, it is absorbed by interdigitation of the chains of apposing monolayers. For octanol, the chain interdigitation mechanism is dominant at low concentrations, but there is a transition to chain disordering at high concentrations. Finally, it is shown that the correlation provides a useful test for statistical mechanical models of chain ordering in lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boden
- School of Chemistry, The University, Leeds, U.K
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19
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Photinos DJ, Samulski ET, Toriumi H. Molecular flexibility and orientational ordering of nematic liquid crystals. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Sasanuma Y, Abe A. Conformational Anisotropy of n-Alkanes Dissolved in a Nematic Solvent: A Rotational Isomeric State Analysis of Proton–Proton Dipolar Coupling and Deuterium Quadrupolar Splitting Data. Polym J 1991. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.23.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Gorcester J, Rananavare SB, Freed JH. Two‐dimensional electron–electron double resonance and electron spin–echo study of solute dynamics in smectics. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.456385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Limmer S. Physical Principles Underlying the Experimental Methods for Studying the Orientational Order of Liquid Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/prop.2190371202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Cheng GQ, Dong RY. Orientational ordering of rod‐ and disk‐like mesogens with flexible alkyl chains. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.454937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Emsley JW, Fung BM, Heaton NJ, Luckhurst GR. The potential of mean torque for flexible mesogenic molecules. Determination of the interaction parameters from carbon–hydrogen dipolar couplings for 4‐n‐alkyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyls. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Fung BM, Afzal J, Foss TL, Chau M. Nematic ordering of 4‐n‐alkyl‐4’‐cyanobiphenyls studied by carbon‐13 NMR with off‐magic‐angle spinning. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vaz NAP, Doane JW. Temperature dependence of the Maier–Saupe order matrix from 2H–NMR of fluorene‐d10 in the nematic, smectic A, B, and C phases. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Barbarin F, Chausse J, Fabre C, Germain J, Deloche B, Charvolin J. Structures de couches smectiques, approche par l'étude RMN d'un mélange binaire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1051/jphys:0198300440104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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30
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Samulski ET, Dong RY. Chain ordering and molecular orientational order in liquid crystals. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Emsley J, Turner DL. Assignment of quadrupolar splittings in the deuterium nmr spectrum of 4,4'-dimethoxyazoxybenzene-d14 in the nematic phase by a 2d auto-correlation experiment. Chem Phys Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(81)85417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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