Computational studies of the structure of monolayers of chlorine physisorbed on the basal plane of graphite

Prediction of high-pressure adsorption equilibrium of supercritical gases using density functional theory

In this paper, we present the results of the prediction of the high-pressure adsorption equilibrium of supercritical gases (Ar, N2, CH4, and CO2) on various activated carbons (BPL, PCB, and Norit R1 extra) at various temperatures using a density-functional-theory-based finite wall thickness (FWT) model. Pore size distribution results of the carbons are taken from our recent previous work,(1,2) using this approach for characterization. To validate the model, isotherms calculated from the density functional theory (DFT) approach are comprehensively verified against those determined by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation, before the theoretical adsorption isotherms of these investigated carbons calculated by the model are compared with the experimental adsorption measurements of the carbons. We illustrate the accuracy and consistency of the FWT model for the prediction of adsorption isotherms of the all investigated gases. The pore network connectivity problem occurring in the examined carbons is also discussed, and on the basis of the success of the predictions assuming a similar pore size distribution for accessible and inaccessible regions, it is suggested that this is largely related to the disordered nature of the carbon.

Ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and theoretical studies of 1-halohexane monolayers on graphite

A simple model system for the 2D self-assembly of functionalized organic molecules on surfaces was examined in a concerted experimental and theoretical effort. Monolayers of 1-halohexanes were formed through vapor deposition onto graphite surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy allowed the molecular conformation, orientation, and monolayer crystallographic parameters to be determined. Essentially identical noncommensurate monolayer structures were found for all 1-halohexanes, with differences in image contrast ascribed mainly to electronic factors. Energy minimizations and molecular dynamics simulations reproduced structural parameters of 1-bromohexane monolayers quantitatively. An analysis of interactions driving the self-assembly process revealed the crucial role played by small but anisotropic electrostatic forces associated with the halogen substituent. While alkyl chain dispersion interactions drive the formation of a close-packed adsorbate monolayer, electrostatic headgroup forces are found to compete successfully in the control of both the angle between lamella and backbone axes and the angle between surface and backbone planes. This competition is consistent with energetic tradeoffs apparent in adsorption energies measured in earlier temperature-programmed desorption studies. In accordance with the higher degree of disorder observed in scanning tunneling microscopy images of 1-fluorohexane, theoretical simulations show that electrostatic forces associated with the fluorine substituent are sufficiently strong to upset the delicate balance of interactions required for the formation of an ordered monolayer. The detailed dissection of the driving forces for self-assembly of these simple model systems is expected to aid in the understanding of the more complex self-assembly processes taking place in the presence of solvent.