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Georgiopoulos G, Faconti L, Mohamed AT, Figliozzi S, Asher C, Keehn L, McNally R, Alfakih K, Vennin S, Chiribiri A, Lamata P, Chowienczyk P, Masci PG. Ethnicity differences in geometric remodelling and myocardial composition in hypertension unveiled by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:901-911. [PMID: 38597630 PMCID: PMC11210986 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertensive patients of African ancestry (Afr-a) have higher incidences of heart failure and worse clinical outcomes than hypertensive patients of European ancestry (Eu-a), yet the underlying mechanisms remain misunderstood. This study investigated right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular remodelling alongside myocardial tissue derangements between Afr-a and Eu-a hypertensives. METHODS AND RESULTS 63 Afr-a and 47 Eu-a hypertensives underwent multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Biventricular volumes, mass, function, mass/end-diastolic volume (M/V) ratios, T2 and pre-/post-contrast T1 relaxation times, synthetic extracellular volume, and myocardial fibrosis (MF) were measured. 3D shape modelling was implemented to delineate ventricular geometry. LV and RV mass (indexed to body-surface-area) and M/V ratio were significantly greater in Afr-a than Eu-a hypertensives (67.1 ± 21.7 vs. 58.3 ± 16.7 g/m2, 12.6 ± 3.48 vs. 10.7 ± 2.71 g/m2, 0.79 ± 0.21 vs. 0.70 ± 0.14 g/mL, and 0.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.03 g/mL, respectively; P < 0.03). Afr-a patients showed greater basal interventricular septum thickness than Eu-a patients, influencing LV hypertrophy and RV cavity changes. This biventricular remodelling was associated with prolonged T2 relaxation time (47.0 ± 2.2 vs. 45.7 ± 2.2 ms, P = 0.005) and higher prevalence (23% vs. 4%, P = 0.001) and extent of MF [2.3 (0.6-14.3) vs. 1.6 (0.9-2.5) % LV mass, P = 0.008] in Afr-a patients. Multivariable linear regression showed that modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and greater end-diastolic volume, but not ethnicity, were independently associated with greater LV mass. CONCLUSION Afr-a hypertensives had distinctive biventricular remodelling, including increased RV mass, septal thickening and myocardial tissue abnormalities compared with Eu-a hypertensives. From this study, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and ventricular geometry, but not ethnicity, were independently associated with greater LV myocardial mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Faconti
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aqeel T Mohamed
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Figliozzi
- Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital I.R.C.S.S., Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clint Asher
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Louise Keehn
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ryan McNally
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Khaled Alfakih
- Department of Cardiology, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samuel Vennin
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Pablo Lamata
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip Chowienczyk
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pier-Giorgio Masci
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Lu Z, Qu X, Chang J, Xu M, Song G, Wang X, Okely AD, Zhang T, Guan H, Wu J. Reallocation of time between preschoolers' 24-h movement behaviours and executive functions: A compositional data analysis. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1187-1195. [PMID: 37724814 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2260632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the survey were to explored the associations of the 24-h movement behaviours (MB) with executive functions (EFs) and quantified the predicted changes in EFs following allocation of time among behaviours. In the cross-sectional survey, 135 preschoolers (3 ~ 5 years) were enrolled. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary (SED) time were objectively measured employing an ActiGraph GT9X. Sleep time was reported by parents. EFs were assessed using the iPad-based Early Years Toolbox which is a collection of computerized tasks consisting of brief tasks assessed from games administered and scored according to protocol. To explore the associations of the 24-h MB with EFs, compositional multiple linear regression was employed. To quantify the predicted changes in EFs following allocation of time among behaviours, compositional isotemporal substitution was used. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was positively related to cognitive flexibility. Replacing sleep or SED with MVPA was associated with positive changes in cognitive flexibility. When MVPA was replaced with sleep or SED, the predicted detriments to cognitive flexibility were larger than predicted benefits of replacing sleep or SED with MVPA. The findings highlight the key role of intensity of PA for preschoolers' EFs and the importance of meeting recommended levels of MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Lu
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Qu
- PICU, Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chang
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxue Xu
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Guochao Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Guan
- Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Guan T, Alam MK, Rao MB. Sample Size Calculations in Simple Linear Regression: A New Approach. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25040611. [PMID: 37190399 PMCID: PMC10137477 DOI: 10.3390/e25040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The problem tackled is the determination of sample size for a given level and power in the context of a simple linear regression model. The standard approach deals with planned experiments in which the predictor X is observed for a number n of times and the corresponding observations on the response variable Y are to be drawn. The statistic that is used is built on the least squares' estimator of the slope parameter. Its conditional distribution given the data on the predictor X is utilized for sample size calculations. This is problematic. The sample size n is already presaged and the data on X is fixed. In unplanned experiments, in which both X and Y are to be sampled simultaneously, we do not have data on the predictor X yet. This conundrum has been discussed in several papers and books with no solution proposed. We overcome the problem by determining the exact unconditional distribution of the test statistic in the unplanned case. We have provided tables of critical values for given levels of significance following the exact distribution. In addition, we show that the distribution of the test statistic depends only on the effect size, which is defined precisely in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Guan
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, 750 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH 44240, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Mohammed Khorshed Alam
- Department of Environmental Health and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Marepalli Bhaskara Rao
- Department of Environmental Health and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Zhu H, Tao L, Hu X, Jiang X. Effects of self-disclosure and resilience on reproductive concern in patients of childbearing age with breast cancer: a cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068126. [PMID: 36750283 PMCID: PMC9906163 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess reproductive concerns in patients of childbearing age with breast cancer and examine the relationship between self-disclosure, resilience and reproductive concerns. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Five tertiary first-class general hospitals in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 319 patients with breast cancer of reproductive age who were hospitalised in the breast oncology department participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were the relationship between resilience, self-disclosure and reproductive concerns, and mediating effect analyses. Secondary outcomes included the status of reproductive concerns. RESULTS The model accounted for 39.1% of the variance in reproductive concerns. Self-disclosure had a direct negative effect on reproductive concerns (β= -0.371, p=0.001). Resilience had a direct negative effect on reproductive concerns (β= -0.349, p=0.001) and a direct positive effect on self-disclosure (β=0.507, p=0.001). Furthermore, self-disclosure partially mediated the relation between resilience and reproductive concerns (β= -0.177; SE=0.041; 95% CI -0.261 to -0.104; p<0.050), with a bootstrap of 10 000 samples. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that self-disclosure and resilience may ease reproductive concern. Therefore, self-disclosure education and resilience-oriented interventions should be provided to patients of childbearing age with breast cancer, to reduce reproductive concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Nursing Department, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Cancer Day-care Unit, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolian Jiang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jan SL, Shieh G. Sample size calculations for model validation in linear regression analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:54. [PMID: 30866825 PMCID: PMC6416874 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linear regression analysis is a widely used statistical technique in practical applications. For planning and appraising validation studies of simple linear regression, an approximate sample size formula has been proposed for the joint test of intercept and slope coefficients. Methods The purpose of this article is to reveal the potential drawback of the existing approximation and to provide an alternative and exact solution of power and sample size calculations for model validation in linear regression analysis. Results A fetal weight example is included to illustrate the underlying discrepancy between the exact and approximate methods. Moreover, extensive numerical assessments were conducted to examine the relative performance of the two distinct procedures. Conclusions The results show that the exact approach has a distinct advantage over the current method with greater accuracy and high robustness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-019-0697-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Show-Li Jan
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 32023, Republic of China
| | - Gwowen Shieh
- Department of Management Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30010, Republic of China.
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The impact of ignoring random features of predictor and moderator variables on sample size for precise interval estimation of interaction effects. Behav Res Methods 2011; 43:1075-84. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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