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Zhou H, Guo M, Zhuo L, Yan H, Sui X, Gao Y, Hou C. Diversity and taxonomy of the genus Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) in the Yanshan Mountains, Northern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1226794. [PMID: 37780523 PMCID: PMC10539691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the species of Amanita are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems. Some of them are widely known as poisonous or edible fungi. Although many new Amanita species from China have been described, the species diversity of Yanshan Mountains remains unknown. We here describe three new species, namely, A. borealis sp. nov. (Sect. Amanita), A. brunneola sp. nov. (Sect. Caesareae), and A. yanshanensis sp. nov. (Sect. Validae), based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. In addition, nine known species, namely, A. caesareoides (Sect. Caesareae), A. chiui (Sect. Vaginatae), A. muscaria (Sect. Amanita), A. oberwinklerana (Sect. Roanokenses), A. ovalispora (Sect. Vaginatae), A. subglobosa (Sect. Amanita), A. subjunquillea (Sect. phalloideae), A. vaginata var. vaginata (Sect. Vaginatae), and A. virosa (Sect. phalloideae), were reported from Yanshan Mountains for the first time. Our results emphasize that China has a high diversity of Amanita species and that additional studies are required to understand the exact species number. These findings play a crucial role in Amanita toxin research and ecological conservation. This study investigated the areas where Amanita species-related research is lacking. The study also attempted to better understand Amanita distribution and thus contribute to related research. This study enriches the species diversity of Amanita in Yanshan Mountains and offers additional data supporting the macrofungal systematics, toxin research, and diversity and ecological studies of Amanita in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - ChengLin Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Historical biogeography and diversification of ringless Amanita (section Vaginatae) support an African origin and suggest niche conservatism in the Americas. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107644. [PMID: 36243328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) sustain nutrient recycling in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about what major biogeographical events gave rise to present-day diversity and distribution patterns. Given the strict relationship between some ECM lineages and their hosts, geographically well-sampled phylogenies are central to understanding major evolutionary processes of fungal biodiversity patterns. Here, we focus on Amanita sect. Vaginatae to address global diversity and distribution patterns. Ancestral-state-reconstruction based on a 4-gene timetree with over 200 species supports an African origin between the late Paleocene and the early Eocene (ca. 56 Ma). Major biogeographic "out-of-Africa" events include multiple dispersal events to Southeast Asia (ca. 45-21 Ma), Madagascar (ca. 18 Ma), and the current Amazonian basin (ca. 45-36 Ma), the last two likely trans-oceanic. Later events originating in Southeast Asia involve Nearctic dispersal to North America (ca. 20-5 Ma), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand; ca. 15 Ma), and Europe (ca. 10-5 Ma). Subsequent dispersals were also inferred from Southeast Asia to East Asia (ca. 4 Ma); from North America to East Asia (ca. 11-8 Ma), Southeast Asia (ca. 19-2 Ma), Northern Andes (ca. 15 Ma), and Europe (ca. 15-2 Ma), respectively; and from the Amazon to the Caribbean region (ca. 25-20 Ma). Finally, we detected a significant increase in the net diversification rates in the branch leading to most northern temperate species in addition to higher state-dependent diversification rates in temperate lineages, consistent with previous findings. These results suggest that species of sect. Vaginatae likely have higher dispersal ability and higher adaptability to new environments, in particular compared to those of its sister clade, sect. Caesareae. Overall, the much wider distribution of A. sect. Vaginatae, from pan-tropical to pan-arctic, provides a unique window to understanding niche conservatism across a species-rich clade of ECM fungi.
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Haelewaters D, Stallman JK, Henkel TW, Aime MC. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and micromorphology reveal placement of the enigmatic tropical discomycete Polydiscidium in Sclerococcum (Sclerococcales, Eurotiomycetes). Mycologia 2022; 114:626-641. [PMID: 35605135 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2048625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polydiscidium is an enigmatic, monotypic, and rarely reported genus of Ascomycota of uncertain placement. The morphologically unique Polydiscidium martynii grows on dead wood and forms compound ascomata composed of thick, black, gelatinous somatic tissue that branches out from a common base. Multiple apothecia are located on the branches, mostly toward the tips, and are composed of 8-spored asci and paraphyses embedded in a gelatinous matrix that turns blue in Melzer's reagent. The species was previously known from only three collections from Guyana (holotype), Trinidad, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and no sequences exist. Due to its peculiar morphology, taxonomic affinities of Polydiscidium have been debated, with different authors having placed it in Helotiaceae, Leotiaceae, or Leotiomycetes incertae sedis. Recent collections of this species resulting from long-term field work in Guyana and Cameroon led us to revisit the morphology and phylogenetic position of this fungus. Newly generated sequences of P. martynii were added to an Ascomycota-wide six-locus data set. The resulting phylogeny showed Polydiscidium to be a member of order Sclerococcales (Eurotiomycetes). Next, a four-locus (18S, ITS, 28S, mtSSU) phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that Polydiscidium is congeneric with Sclerococcum. A new combination is proposed for this species, Sclerococcum martynii. Micromorphological features, including the gelatinous hymenium composed of asci with amyloid gel cap and septate brown ascospores, are in agreement with Sclerococcum. New combinations are proposed for two additional species: Sclerococcum chiangraiensis and S. fusiformis. Finally, Dactylosporales is considered a later synonym of Sclerococcales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffery K Stallman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521
| | - M Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Aime MC, Miller AN, Aoki T, Bensch K, Cai L, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Lücking R, May TW, Malosso E, Redhead SA, Rossman AY, Stadler M, Thines M, Yurkov AM, Zhang N, Schoch CL. How to publish a new fungal species, or name, version 3.0. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33934723 PMCID: PMC8091500 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now a decade since The International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) produced an overview of requirements and best practices for describing a new fungal species. In the meantime the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) has changed from its former name (the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) and introduced new formal requirements for valid publication of species scientific names, including the separation of provisions specific to Fungi and organisms treated as fungi in a new Chapter F. Equally transformative have been changes in the data collection, data dissemination, and analytical tools available to mycologists. This paper provides an updated and expanded discussion of current publication requirements along with best practices for the description of new fungal species and publication of new names and for improving accessibility of their associated metadata that have developed over the last 10 years. Additionally, we provide: (1) model papers for different fungal groups and circumstances; (2) a checklist to simplify meeting (i) the requirements of the ICNafp to ensure the effective, valid and legitimate publication of names of new taxa, and (ii) minimally accepted standards for description; and, (3) templates for preparing standardized species descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Takayuki Aoki
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - Konstanze Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS UK
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 Jilin Province China
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Paul M. Kirk
- Biodiversity Informatics & Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Garden Kew, Richmond, London, TW9 3AE UK
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom W. May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Elaine Malosso
- Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50740-600 Brazil
| | - Scott A. Redhead
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Botany and Plant Pathology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrey M. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Conrad L. Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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