Secretome characterization of the lignocellulose-degrading fungi Pycnoporus sanguineus and Ganoderma resinaceum growing on Panicum prionitis biomass

Fungal secondary metabolites in food and pharmaceuticals in the era of multi-omics

Fungi produce several bioactive metabolites, pigments, dyes, antioxidants, polysaccharides, and industrial enzymes. Fungal products are also the primary sources of functional food and nutrition, and their pharmacological products are used for healthy aging. Their molecular properties are validated through the use of recent high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic tools and techniques. Together, these updated multi-omic tools have been used to study fungal metabolites structure and their mode of action on biological and cellular processes. Diverse groups of fungi produce different proteins and secondary metabolites, which possess tremendous biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, its use and acceptability can be accelerated by adopting multi-omics, bioinformatics, and machine learning tools that generate a huge amount of molecular data. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools in the era of omics and big data has opened up a new outlook in both basic and applied researches in the area of nutraceuticals and functional food and nutrition. KEY POINTS: • Multi-omic tool helps in the identification of novel fungal metabolites • Intra-omic data from genomics to bioinformatics • Novel metabolites and application in human health.

From fungal secretomes to enzymes cocktails: The path forward to bioeconomy

Bioeconomy is seen as a way to mitigate the carbon footprint of human activities by reducing at least part of the fossil resources-based economy. In this new paradigm of sustainable development, the use of enzymes as biocatalysts will play an increasing role to provide services and goods. In industry, most of multicomponent enzyme cocktails are of fungal origin. Filamentous fungi secrete complex enzyme sets called "secretomes" that can be utilized as enzyme cocktails to valorize different types of bioresources. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the study of fungal secretomes using improved computational and experimental secretomics methods, the progress in the understanding of industrially important fungi, and the discovery of new enzymatic mechanisms and interplays to degrade renewable resources rich in polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose). We review current biotechnological applications focusing on the benefits and challenges of fungal secretomes for industrial applications with some examples of commercial cocktails of fungal origin containing carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and we discuss future trends.