Lip cancer in South Australia, 1977–1996

Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in oral cavity and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Perioral lesions and dermatoses

The purpose of this article is to review the common neoplasms, infections, and inflammatory dermatoses that may present around or near the mouth. Dental professionals are well positioned to evaluate perioral skin conditions, further contributing to patients' general health. This article includes a review of seborrheic keratosis, warts, actinic keratoses, actinic cheilitis, and squamous cell carcinoma, among several other perioral cutaneous lesions.

Oral cancer in Western Australia, 1982-2006: a retrospective epidemiological study

OBJECTIVE

To report differences and trends in oral cancer incidence by gender, age, indigenous status and area of residence and on mortality in Western Australia.

METHODS

Data were provided by Western Australian Cancer Registry. Oral cancer definition included ICD-O-3 codes C00C08. Age-specific, direct age-standardized rates and mortality:incidence ratios were computed with 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS

The incidence and death rates of oral cancer accounted for 2.3% and 1.3% of all cancers respectively. Over 25 years, the male:female incidence ratio was 2.4:1. Eighty-eight percent of new cases were over the age of 40, peaking in the sixth decade of life. The incidence rates were 14.6 and 6.2 per 100,000 per annum in men and women respectively. Over 17 years, standardized mortality rates were less than 1 per 100,000 per year, with double the deaths in men. Mortality:incidence ratios for oral cancer were between 0.4 and 0.6 with the exception of lip.

CONCLUSIONS

Cancer registries are the only reliable source of data for epidemiologic surveillance of cancer incidence and mortality. Results from this study are comparable with studies on oral cancer in Australia and globally.

Oral cancer in Enugu, Nigeria, 1998–2003

Cancers of the oral cavity make up 3-4% of all cancers, being in eighth place in men and eleventh in women when the cancer is caused by smoking and alcohol misuse. In this study we recorded all oral cancers in Enugu, eastern Nigeria over the 6-year period from 1998 to 2003. We reviewed all patients who had a diagnosis of invasive oral cancer during this period from notes kept in the Records Department of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria. Carcinoma-in-situ, lymphoma, and leukaemia were not included. All cases were categorised by the site of the tumour and the age and sex of the patient. Eighty one cases of oral cancer were recorded during that period, accounting for 2.7% of all cancers. Forty-eight men and thirty-three women were affected, and the most common site was other sites of the oral cavity (28, 35%), followed by the tongue (24, 30%), floor of the mouth (17, 21%) and finally the lip (12, 15%). They were all advanced at the time of presentation. The patients gave no history of alcohol or tobacco misuse, and their conditions should be seen in terms of chronic illnesses, malnutrition, poverty, and ignorance. We need an urgent awareness campaign, and programmes for the prevention and early detection of oral cancer, in Nigeria.

Preventing Ultraviolet Light Lip Injury: Beachgoer Awareness about Lip Cancer Risk Factors and Lip Protection Behavior

BACKGROUND

The damaging effects of ultraviolet light (UVL) on the skin and the importance of using photoprotective sunscreen and other sun-protective measures are well recognized by beachgoers. However, it is currently unknown if UVL is well recognized as a modifiable risk factor for lip cancer and if photoprotective lipblock and sunscreen are used to the same extent in this setting.

OBJECTIVE

Evaluation of UVL lip protection and knowledge about the role of UVL as a risk factor for lip cancer in a high-risk outdoor environment.

METHOD

Anonymous questionnaire given to a convenience sample of beachgoers on Galveston Island, Texas, beaches during the summer.

RESULTS

There were 299 survey responses. Subjects using sunscreen to protect their skin were also more likely to use UVL lip protection (p = .0002). Excluding the use of cosmetic lipsticks, women were still more likely to use UVL lip protection than men (p = .0008). Tobacco users were less likely to use lip protection than nontobacco users (p = .03). Survey respondents demonstrated much greater knowledge about UVL damage to skin than about the risk factors for lip cancer (p < .0001).

CONCLUSION

More public education focused on UVL lip protection from UVL is needed.

Lip cancer in Zimbabwe. Report of 14 cases

Lip cancer, relatively common among fair-skinned males, is uncommon among Black-skinned males. In a 10-year review period of 358 Black African patients with orofacial squamous cell carcinoma, 3.9% (n = 14) were found on the lip with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Fifty percent (n = 7) of the patients were albinos and two were children with xeroderma pigmentosum. The lower lip was most commonly affected (78.6%). The well-differentiated and moderately differentiated histopathologic types each comprised 42.9% of the lesions. Alcohol consumption and tobacco usage was admitted to in 42.9% (n = 6) of the patients.

Trends in the incidence of oral cancer in Nova Scotia from 1983 to 1997

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the study was to characterize the total burden of oral cancer in Nova Scotia over the 15-year period from 1983 to 1997 and to identify any trends in the number of cases or incidence rates at specific anatomic sites or within specific age or sex groups over this time period.

STUDY DESIGN

All cases that had a diagnosis of invasive oral cancer (ICD-9 sites 140-146) during the study period were retrieved from the records of the Nova Scotia Cancer Registry, which theoretically includes all cancer cases in the province. Cases of in situ carcinoma, lymphoma, and leukemia were not included. All cases during the study period were categorized by tumor site and the age and sex of the patient. Tumors at ICD-9 sites 141 and 143-146 were analyzed separately as intraoral cancer. Trends were studied by grouping cases into three 5-year periods: period 1 (1983-1987), period 2 (1988-1992), and period 3 (1993-1997). Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated to the 1991 Canadian standard population.

RESULTS

A total of 1,155 cases of oral cancer were registered in Nova Scotia for this 15-year study period, accounting for 2.0% of all cancer cases. There was an average of 57 cases in men and 20 cases in women per year. Overall, the most common site was the lip (26% of cases), followed by the tongue (20%), other mouth (16%), tonsil/oropharynx (12%), salivary gland (12%), floor of mouth (10%), and gum (4%). About 5% of cases occurred in patients 40 years and younger, and 53% occurred in patients 65 years and older. Lip cancer in men decreased by 38%, and the age-standardized incidence rate fell from 5.6 to 3.0 per 100,000 from period 1 to period 3. Intraoral cancers in men increased by 23% and the age-standardized incidence rate increased by 10% from period 1 to period 3. Both measures peaked in period 2. Intraoral cancer in women increased steadily by 84%, and the age-standardized incidence rate increased by 48% from period 1 to 3. The male-to-female ratio for intraoral cancer cases decreased from 2.9 to 2.5 to 1.9 over the 3 periods.

CONCLUSION

Although there was a decreasing trend for lip cancer, the number of cases and the age-standardized incidence rate for intraoral cancer increased over the 15-year study period. Intraoral cancer increases in females were dramatic. Trends in the number of cases reflected changing risk and a growing, aging population. More oral cancers occurred each year than cancers of the uterine cervix, suggesting the need for more resource allocation in the areas of research, prevention, and early detection of oral cancer.