High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on deformed nonporous agarose beads. Affinity chromatography of dehydrogenases based on cibacron blue-derivatized agarose

Methods for the separation of lactate dehydrogenases and clinical significance of the enzyme

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an ubiquitous enzyme among vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and microbes was discovered in the early period of enzymology. The enzyme has been dissolved in several distinguishable molecular forms. In mammals, three types of subunits encoded by the genes Ldh-A, Ldh-B and Ldh-C give rise to a selected number of tetrameric isoenzymes. LDH-A4, LDH-B4 and the mixed hybrid forms of the A- and B-subunits are present in many tissues but with certain distribution patterns. LDH-C4 is confined in mammals to testes and sperm. Numerous techniques have been employed to purify, characterize and separate the different forms of the enzyme. This report deals with the main protocols and procedures of purification of LDH and its isoenzymes including chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems and precipitation approaches. In particular, affinity separation techniques based on natural and pseudo-biospecific ligands are described in detail. In addition, basic physico-chemical and kinetic properties of the enzyme from different sources are summarized in a second part, the clinical significance of the determination of LDH in diverse body fluids in respect to the total activity and the isoenzyme distribution in different organs is discussed.

New methods for separation and recovery of biomolecules

New methods and applications in the separation of biomolecules are reviewed, with an emphasis on the large-scale recovery of proteins. Highlights include the advent of flow-through particles in perfusion chromatography, which allows for very high flow rates, while retaining a high chromatographic efficiency.

High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on deformed nonporous agarose beads: immuno-affinity chromatography, exemplified with human growth hormone as ligand and a combination of ethylene glycol and salt for desorption of the antibodies

An affinity chromatography column packed with nonporous agarose beads derivatized with human growth hormone via carbonyldiimidazol was used for the purification of antibodies against human growth hormone from antiserum. Desorption with 1 M sodium chloride in 60% ethylene glycol at pH 9.8 gave 100% total recovery of the antibodies, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The adsorption/desorption process is discussed in terms of hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction (these interactions may be involved in the bond between antibody and antigen in a cooperative fashion). The binding capacity of the column was estimated at about 50 micrograms of antibodies per gram sedimented agarose beads.