1
|
Carrasco I, Tarancon-Diez L, Vázquez-Alejo E, Jiménez de Ory S, Sainz T, Apilanez M, Epalza C, Guillén S, Tomás Ramos J, Díez C, Bernardino JI, Iribarren JA, Zamora A, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Navarro ML. Innate and adaptive abnormalities in youth with vertically acquired HIV through a multicentre cohort in Spain. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25804. [PMID: 34672108 PMCID: PMC8528666 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune abnormalities have been described among youth with vertically acquired HIV (YWVH) despite antiretroviral treatment (ART). The CD4/CD8 ratio could be a useful prognostic marker. We assess immune activation and senescence in a cohort of YWVH in comparison to youth without vertically acquired HIV. Methods YWVH under suppressive ART were included and compared to a group of HIV‐negative donors (HD) matched by age and sex, from September 2019 to September 2020. Subset distribution and expression of activation, maturation, senescence and exhaustion markers on T and NK cells were studied on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results Thirty‐two YWVH (median age: 24.4 years (interquartile range: 22.5 to 28.3 years)) were included. Among YWVH, CD4‐ and CD8‐T cells showed high levels of activation (HLA‐DR/CD38), IL‐7 receptor expression (CD127) and exhaustion (TIM‐3). Regarding NK cells, YWVH showed increased levels of activation and exhaustion markers compared to HD. Strong inverted correlations were observed between T‐cell activation (HLA‐DR/CD38), senescence (CD57) and exhaustion (TIGIT, PD‐1) levels with the CD4/CD8 ratio among YWVH. HLA‐DR, CD69, NKG2D and NKG2A expression levels on NK cells also correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Age at ART initiation was directly associated with higher frequency of CD16high NK‐cell subsets, exhaustion T‐cell levels (CD57, TIM3) and NK cells activation levels. Conclusions Immunological changes associated with vertically acquired HIV, characterized by increased activation and exhaustion levels in innate and adaptive immune components, are only partially restored by ART. The CD4/CD8 ratio can be a useful marker of disease progression for routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzíar Carrasco
- Infectious Diseases in Paediatric Population, Gregorio Marañón Research Institute (IiSGM) and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Immunology Section, Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vázquez-Alejo
- Immunology Section, Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez de Ory
- Infectious Diseases in Paediatric Population, Gregorio Marañón Research Institute (IiSGM) and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talía Sainz
- Department of Paediatrics, La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Apilanez
- Department of Paediatrics, Donostia University Hospital, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Cristina Epalza
- Department of Paediatrics, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Guillén
- Department of Paediatrics, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tomás Ramos
- Department of Paediatrics, Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díez
- Department Infectious Diseases, Gregorio Marañón Research Institute and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Bernardino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ) and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angielys Zamora
- Biochemistry Section, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Immunology Section, Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro
- Infectious Diseases in Paediatric Population, Gregorio Marañón Research Institute (IiSGM) and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | -
- Infectious Diseases in Paediatric Population, Gregorio Marañón Research Institute (IiSGM) and University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Corselli M, Saksena S, Nakamoto M, Lomas WE, Taylor I, Chattopadhyay PK. Single cell multiomic analysis of T cell exhaustion in vitro. Cytometry A 2021; 101:27-44. [PMID: 34390166 PMCID: PMC9293072 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
T-cell activation is a key step in the amplification of an immune response. Over the course of an immune response, cells may be chronically stimulated, with some proportion becoming exhausted; an enormous number of molecules are involved in this process. There remain a number of questions about the process, namely: 1) what degree of heterogeneity and plasticity do T-cells exhibit during stimulation? 2) how many unique cell states define chronic stimulation? and 3) what markers discriminate activated from exhausted cells? We addressed these questions by performing single-cell multiomic analysis to simultaneously measure expression of 38 proteins and 399 genes in human T cells expanded in vitro. This approach allowed us to study - with unprecedented depth - how T cells change over the course of chronic stimulation. Comprehensive immunophenotypic and transcriptomic analysis at day 0 enabled a refined characterization of T-cell maturational states and the identification of a donor-specific subset of terminally differentiated T-cells that would have been otherwise overlooked using canonical cell classification schema. As expected, activation downregulated naïve-cell markers and upregulated effector molecules, proliferation regulators, co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors. Our deep kinetic analysis further revealed clusters of proteins and genes identifying unique states of activation, defined by markers temporarily expressed upon 3 days of stimulation (PD-1, CD69, LTA), markers constitutively expressed throughout chronic activation (CD25, GITR, LGALS1), and markers uniquely up-regulated upon 14 days of stimulation (CD39, ENTPD1, TNFDF10); expression of these markers could be associated with the emergence of short-lived cell types. Notably, different ratios of cells expressing activation or exhaustion markers were measured at each time point. These data reveal the high heterogeneity and plasticity of chronically stimulated T cells. Our study demonstrates the power of a single-cell multiomic approach to comprehensively characterize T-cells and to precisely monitor changes in differentiation, activation, and exhaustion signatures during cell stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian Taylor
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Pratip K Chattopadhyay
- Precision Immunology Laboratory, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prodrugs of PKC modulators show enhanced HIV latency reversal and an expanded therapeutic window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10688-10698. [PMID: 32371485 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919408117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by HIV that affects 37 million people worldwide. Current antiretroviral therapy slows disease progression but does not eliminate latently infected cells, which resupply active virus, thus necessitating lifelong treatment with associated compliance, cost, and chemoexposure issues. Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) activate these cells, allowing for their potential clearance, thus presenting a strategy to eradicate the infection. Protein kinase C (PKC) modulators-including prostratin, ingenol esters, bryostatin, and their analogs-are potent LRAs in various stages of development for several clinical indications. While LRAs are promising, a major challenge associated with their clinical use is sustaining therapeutically meaningful levels of the active agent while minimizing side effects. Here we describe a strategy to address this problem based on LRA prodrugs, designed for controllable release of the active LRA after a single injection. As intended, these prodrugs exhibit comparable or superior in vitro activity relative to the parent compounds. Selected compounds induced higher in vivo expression of CD69, an activation biomarker, and, by releasing free agent over time, significantly improved tolerability when compared to the parent LRAs. More generally, selected prodrugs of PKC modulators avoid the bolus toxicities of the parent drug and exhibit greater efficacy and expanded tolerability, thereby addressing a longstanding objective for many clinical applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Zhou Y, Chen P, Zhang P, Jia M, Tang Y. Excessive expressions of T cell activation markers in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2019; 180:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Mandala WL, Gondwe EN, Nyirenda TS, Drayson M, Molyneux ME, MacLennan CA. HIV infection compounds the lymphopenia associated with cerebral malaria in Malawian children. J Blood Med 2018; 10:9-18. [PMID: 30588141 PMCID: PMC6305159 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s187081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cerebral malaria (CM), unlike severe malarial anemia (SMA), has previously been characterized by pan-lymphopenia that normalizes in convalescence, while HIV infection is associated with depletion of CD4+ T cells. In this study, we investigate whether HIV infection in Malawian children exacerbates the pan-lymphopenia associated with CM. Methods We investigated the absolute and percentage lymphocyte-subset counts and their activation and memory status in Malawian children presenting with either CM who were HIV-uninfected (n=29), HIV-infected (n=9), or SMA who were HIV-uninfected (n=30) and HIV-infected (n=5) in comparison with HIV-uninfected children without malaria (n=42) and HIV-infected children without malaria (n=4). Results HIV-infected CM cases had significantly lower absolute counts of T cells (P=0.006), CD4+ T cells (P=0.0008), and B cells (P=0.0014) than HIV-uninfected CM cases, and significantly lower percentages of CD4+ T cells than HIV-uninfected CM cases (P=0.005). HIV-infected SMA cases had significantly lower percentages of CD4+ T cells (P=0.001) and higher CD8+ T cells (P=0.003) in comparison with HIV-uninfected SMA cases. HIV-infected SMA cases had higher proportions of activated T cells (P=0.003) expressing CD69 than HIV-uninfected SMA cases. Conclusion HIV infection compounds the perturbation of acute CM and SMA on lymphocytes, exacerbating subset-specific lymphopenia in CM and increasing activation status in SMA, potentially exacerbating host immunocompromise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson L Mandala
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, .,Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, .,Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi,
| | - Esther N Gondwe
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi,
| | - Tonney S Nyirenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, .,Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mark Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Malcolm E Molyneux
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, .,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Calman A MacLennan
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, .,Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nunes JM, Furtado MN, de Morais Nunes ER, Sucupira MCA, Diaz RS, Janini LMR. Modulation of epigenetic factors during the early stages of HIV-1 infection in CD4 + T cells in vitro. Virology 2018; 523:41-51. [PMID: 30077875 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have related epigenetic mechanisms to HIV-1 latency. However, the epigenetic modifications of the host cell genome involved in the early stages of HIV-1 infection remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate epigenetic factors that are regulated at the beginning of HIV-1 infection in activated and resting CD4+ T cells. We analyzed the gene expression of 84 epigenetic targets, global DNA methylation, and HIV-1 replication kinetics for 36 h after infecting CD4+ T cells obtained from the blood of twelve healthy donors. The epigenetic targets aurora kinase B (AURKB), aurora kinase C (AURKC) and DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B), and the global DNA methylation profile are regulated during HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells, and this regulation can be influenced by the activation state of the cell at the time of infection. Approaches that affect the expression of these epigenetic targets could help current strategies to suppress HIV-1 replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Meneses Nunes
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Nadiege Furtado
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edsel Renata de Morais Nunes
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cecilia Araripe Sucupira
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Mário Ramos Janini
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Retrovirology, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu YT, Kuan YC, Chang HH, Sheu F. Molecular cloning of a Poria cocos protein that activates Th1 immune response and allays Th2 cytokine and IgE production in a murine atopic dermatitis model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2861-71. [PMID: 24625278 DOI: 10.1021/jf405507e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Edible fungus Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf is a cooking material that has myriad health benefits. However, its active constituents have not been well-defined. We previously purified an immunomodulatory protein, PCP, from P. cocos and described its biochemical features and its ability to activate primary macrophage via TLR4. In this study, we cloned the gene of PCP and demonstrated its ability to activate Th1 response in cell cultures and in mice. The complete cDNA sequence of PCP consisted of 807 bp, which included a 579 bp coding sequence that encoded 194 amino acids. With the addition of co-stimulatory CD3/CD28 signals, PCP significantly increased the surface expression of CD44 and CD69 on effector T cells. PCP could also up-regulate T-bet and STAT4 expressions and IFN-γ and IL-2 secretions. Oral administration of PCP suppressed the production of both total and OVA-specific IgG1 in serum and enhanced the amounts of serum and OVA-specific IgG2a and Th1-related cytokine production in BALB/c splenocytes. In addition, oral administration of PCP significantly reduced IL-4 and IgE expressions in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that PCP could regulate mammalian immune cells and reveal their pharmaceutical potential in developing therapeutic strategies against Th2-mediated immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lu
- Department of Horticulture and ‡Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Ling W, Xu H, Wang M, Wu C. The activation and dynamics of cytokine expression by CD4+ T cells and AIDS progression in HIV-1-infected Chinese individuals. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:189-97. [PMID: 22892467 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are the main targets of HIV-1 and play a central role during the progression of AIDS, but the mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, blood samples were collected from HIV-1-infected Chinese individuals, including typical progressors (TPs) and long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). More HIV-1 productively infected CD4(+) T cells were obtained through co-cultures and the infected CD4(+) T cells were discriminated from bystander cells by intracellular p24 staining. The activation level and dynamics of cytokine expression of CD4(+) T cells were analyzed. After stimulating the freshly isolated PBMCs with PHA, the frequencies of CD69(+)CD4(+) T cells/CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells were higher in TP than in LTNP group and were positively correlated with viral load and negatively correlated with CD4(+) T cell counts. The activation level of CD4(+) T cells in the co-cultured PBMCs was higher in TP than in LTNP group, and HIV-1 productively infected CD4(+) T cells were more activated than bystander CD4(+) T cells. The expression of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and the frequency of Th1 cells in co-cultured PBMCs were lower in TP than in LTNP group. HIV-1 productively infected CD4(+) T cells expressed higher level of Th1/Th2 cytokines than bystander cells. More productive HIV-1 infection occurred in Th1 than in Th2 cells, followed by Th0 cells. The present results suggest that the excessive activation level of CD4(+) T cells and the preferential replication of HIV-1 in Th1 cells that lead to the shift of Th1 to Th2 are likely crucial to AIDS progression in HIV-1-infected Chinese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harnessing oncolytic virus-mediated antitumor immunity in an infected cell vaccine. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1791-9. [PMID: 22760544 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of permissive tumors with the oncolytic virus (OV) VSV-Δ51 leads to a robust antitumor T-cell response, which contributes to efficacy; however, many tumors are not permissive to in vivo treatment with VSV-Δ51. In an attempt to channel the immune stimulatory properties of VSV-Δ51 and broaden the scope of tumors that can be treated by an OV, we have developed a potent oncolytic vaccine platform, consisting of tumor cells infected with VSV-Δ51. We demonstrate that prophylactic immunization with this infected cell vaccine (ICV) protected mice from subsequent tumor challenge, and expression of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by the virus (VSVgm-ICV) increased efficacy. Immunization with VSVgm-ICV in the VSV-resistant B16-F10 model induced maturation of dendritic and natural killer (NK) cell populations. The challenge tumor is rapidly infiltrated by a large number of interferon γ (IFNγ)-producing T and NK cells. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach is robust enough to control the growth of established tumors. This strategy is broadly applicable because of VSV's extremely broad tropism, allowing nearly all cell types to be infected at high multiplicities of infection in vitro, where the virus replication kinetics outpace the cellular IFN response. It is also personalized to the unique tumor antigen(s) displayed by the cancer cell.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lichtfuss GF, Hoy J, Rajasuriar R, Kramski M, Crowe SM, Lewin SR. Biomarkers of immune dysfunction following combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. Biomark Med 2011; 5:171-86. [PMID: 21473720 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, yet their life expectancy remains reduced compared with the general population. Most HIV-infected patients receiving cART have some persistent immune dysfunction characterized by chronic immune activation and premature aging of the immune system. Here we review biomarkers of T-cell activation (CD69, -25 and -38, HLA-DR, and soluble CD26 and -30); generalized immune activation (C-reactive protein, IL-6 and D-dimer); microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, 16S rDNA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14); and immune dysfunction of specific cellular subsets (T cells, natural killer cells and monocytes) in HIV-infected patients on cART and their relationship to adverse clinical outcomes including impaired CD4 T-cell recovery, as well as non-AIDS clinical events, such as cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu M, Chen J, Wang J, Wang X, Ma S, Cai J, Chen CY, Chen ZW. AFM- and NSOM-based force spectroscopy and distribution analysis of CD69 molecules on human CD4+T cell membrane. J Mol Recognit 2009; 22:516-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
12
|
Lochmatter P, Zawodniak A, Pichler WJ. In Vitro Tests in Drug Hypersensitivity Diagnosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2009; 29:537-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|