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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dabravolski S, Orekhov NA, Melnichenko A, Sukhorukov VN, Popov MA, Orekhov A. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Variations in Relation to Lipid Profiles and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:742-756. [PMID: 38425105 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128284695240219093612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a crucial glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism by transferring cholesteryl esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG) between plasma lipoproteins. CETP activity results in reduced HDL-C and increased VLDL- and LDL-C concentrations, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of CETP and its mechanism of action. Furthermore, we focus on recent experiments on animal CETP-expressing models, deciphering the regulation and functions of CETP in various genetic backgrounds and interaction with different external factors. Finally, we discuss recent publications revealing the association of CETP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, lifestyle factors, diet and therapeutic interventions. While CETP SNPs can be used as effective diagnostic markers, diet, lifestyle, gender and ethnic specificity should also be considered for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Nikolay A Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Popov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vekic J, Stromsnes K, Mazzalai S, Zeljkovic A, Rizzo M, Gambini J. Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2897. [PMID: 38001900 PMCID: PMC10669174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels of ROS contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage to macromolecules, particularly by oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. One of the most prominent features of atherogenic dyslipidemia is plasma accumulation of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, characterized by an increased susceptibility to oxidation. Indeed, a considerable and diverse body of evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies was generated supporting oxidative modification of sdLDL particles as the earliest event in atherogenesis. Lipid peroxidation of LDL particles results in the formation of various bioactive species that contribute to the atherosclerotic process through different pathophysiological mechanisms, including foam cell formation, direct detrimental effects, and receptor-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this paper, we will discuss recent data on the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and atherogenic dyslipidemia and their interplay in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, a special focus will be placed on the clinical applicability of novel, promising biomarkers of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kristine Stromsnes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (S.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Stefania Mazzalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (S.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Gambini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (S.M.); (J.G.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is accompanied by atherogenic dyslipidemia, a specific lipid disorder characterized by both quantitative and qualitative changes of plasma lipoproteins. The main alterations in the lipid profile include hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, and elevated small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Epidemiological data show that obesity is more common in women and is a frequent risk factor for reproductive disorders, metabolic complications in pregnancy, and cardiometabolic disease later in life. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss recent advances in the research of dyslipidemia in obesity, with an emphasis on female-specific disorders and cardiometabolic risk. RECENT FINDINGS The focus of current research on dyslipidemia in obesity is moving toward structurally and functionally modified plasma lipoproteins. Special attention is paid to the pro-atherogenic role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. Introduction of advanced analytical techniques enabled identification of novel lipid biomarkers with potential clinical applications. In particular, proteomic and lipidomic studies have provided significant progress in the comprehensive research of HDL's alterations in obesity. Obesity-related dyslipidemia is a widespread metabolic disturbance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and high-risk pregnancies, but is seldom evaluated with respect to its impact on future cardiometabolic health. Obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases require a more depth insight into the quality of lipoprotein particles. Further application of omics-based techniques would enable a more comprehensive evaluation of dyslipidemia in order to reduce an excessive cardiovascular risk attributable to increased body weight. However, more studies on obesity-related female reproductive disorders are needed for this approach to be adopted in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P. Box 146, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pirojsakul K, Aekplakorn W, Siwarom S, Paksi W, Kessomboon P, Neelapaichit N, Chariyalertsak S, Assanangkornchai S, Taneepanichskul S. Sleep duration and risk of high blood pressure in Thai adolescents: the Thai National Health Examination Survey V, 2014 (NHES-V). BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1983. [PMID: 36309648 PMCID: PMC9617401 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep duration has been proposed to be associated with high blood pressure. However, nationwide studies regarding this association in adolescents remain limited. This study aimed to explore the national prevalence of high blood pressure among Thai adolescents and to determine the association between sleep duration and high blood pressure. Methods Data from adolescents aged 10–19 years from the Thai National Health and Examination Survey V were included. We collected demographic data (including age and gender), height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood chemistries and sleep duration data. Sleep durations were categorized as short, normal or long for each age group based on the United States National Sleep Foundation’s recommendations. High blood pressure was diagnosed using the 2017 guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Factors associated with high blood pressure were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 3505 adolescents (1785 female) were included. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 9.4% (95% CI 8.5–10.4%). The high blood pressure group had higher BMI z-score, LDL-C, triglyceride and lower HDL-C than the normotensive group. In the multivariate analysis, BMI z-score, LDL-C and HDL-C were independently associated with high blood pressure. However, there was no association between sleep duration and high blood pressure. Conclusions High blood pressure risk was increased in adolescents with high BMI z-score. Neither short nor long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14430-z.
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Abrahams C, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: targeting high-density lipoproteins to limit the damage? Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:85. [PMID: 36050733 PMCID: PMC9434835 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic frequently used against a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer. Although the drug is effective as a treatment against cancer, many patients develop heart failure (HF) months to years following their last treatment with DOX. The challenge in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is that symptoms present after damage has already occurred in the myocardium. Therefore, early biomarkers to assess DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are urgently needed. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the toxicity is important as this may facilitate the development of novel early biomarkers or therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and its components as possible key players in the early development of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. HDL particles exist in different subclasses which vary in composition and biological functionality. Multiple cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a change in HDL subclasses, resulting in modifications of their composition and physiological functions. There is growing evidence in the literature suggesting that cancer affects HDL subclasses and that healthy HDL particles enriched with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we therefore discuss associations and relationships between HDL, DOX and cancer and discuss whether assessing HDL subclass/composition/function may be considered as a possible early biomarker to detect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Abrahams
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa.
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Martin M, Gaete L, Tetzlaff W, Ferraro F, Lozano Chiappe E, Botta EE, Osta V, Saez MS, Lorenzon Gonzalez MV, Palenque P, Ballerini G, Sorroche P, Boero L, Triffone L, Brites F. Vascular inflammation and impaired reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism in obese children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:258-268. [PMID: 34895801 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood obesity is associated to complications such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. High density lipoproteins (HDL) constitute the only lipoprotein fraction with ateroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze inflammatory markers, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile and HDL functionality in obese children and adolescents compared to healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty obese children and adolescents (Body mass index z score >3.0) (9-15 years old) and 20 age and sex similar controls were included in the study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B, glucose and insulin levels were quantified. Lipid indexes and HOMA-IR were calculated. Cholesterol efflux (CEC), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, plus paraoxonase and arylesterase (ARE) activities were evaluated. Obese children and adolescents showed significantly higher TG [69 (45-95) vs 96 (76-121); p < 0.05], non-HDL-C [99 ± 34 vs 128 ± 26; p < 0.01], TC/HDL-C [2.8 ± 0.6 vs 4.7 ± 1.5; p < 0.01], TG/HDL-C [1.1 (1.0-1.8) vs 2,2 (1.4-3.2); p < 0.01], and HOMA-IR [1.5 (1.1-1.9) vs. 2.6 (2.0-4.5); p < 0.01] values, plus Lp-PLA2 activity [8.3 ± 1.9 vs 7.1 ± 1.7 umol/ml.h; p < 0,05] in addition to lower HDL-C [57 ± 10 vs 39 ± 9; p < 0.01], apo A-I [143 ± 25 vs 125 ± 19; p < 0.05], and CEC [6.4 (5.1-6.8) vs. 7.8 (5.7-9.5); p < 0.01] plus LCAT [12.6 ± 3.3 vs 18.7 ± 2.6; p < 0.05] and ARE [96 ± 19 vs. 110 ± 19; p < 0.05] activities. Lp-PLA2 activity correlated with LDL-C (r = 0.72,p < 0.01), non-HDL-C (r = 0.76,p < 0.01), and apo B (r = 0.60,p < 0.01). LCAT activity correlated with triglycerides (r = -0.78,p < 0.01), HDL-C (r = 0.64,p < 0.01), and apo A-I (r = 0.62, p < 0.05). ARE activity correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.32,p < 0.05) and apoA-I (r = 0.43,p < 0.01). CEC was negatively associated with BMI z-score (r = -0.36,p < 0.05), and triglycerides (r = -0.28,p < 0.05), and positively with LCAT activity (r = 0.65,p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, BMI z-score was the only parameter significantly associated to CEC (r2 = 0.43, beta = -0.38, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The obese group showed alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were associated to the presence of vascular specific inflammation and impairment of HDL atheroprotective capacity. These children and adolescents would present qualitative alterations in their lipoproteins which would determine higher risk of suffering premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Gaete
- Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana E Botta
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Osta
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Saez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Patricia Palenque
- Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ballerini
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Triffone
- Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fournier M, Bonneil E, Garofalo C, Grimard G, Laverdière C, Krajinovic M, Drouin S, Sinnett D, Marcil V, Levy E. Altered proteome of high-density lipoproteins from paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4268. [PMID: 30862935 PMCID: PMC6414624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignancy in children. With the use of more modern, efficient treatments, 5-year survival has reached more than 90% in this population. However, this achievement comes with many secondary and long-term effects since more than 65% of the survivors experience at least one severe complication, including the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of the present work was to characterize the composition of HDL particles isolated from pediatric ALL survivors. HDLs from 8 metabolically healthy ALL survivors, 8 metabolically unhealthy ALL survivors and 8 age- and gender-matched controls were analyzed. The HDL fraction from the survivors contained less cholesterol than the controls. In addition, proteomic analyses revealed an enrichment of pro-thrombotic (e.g., fibrinogen) and pro-inflammatory (e.g., amyloid A) proteins in the HDLs deriving from metabolically unhealthy survivors. These results indicate an alteration in the composition of lipid and protein content of HDL from childhood ALL survivors with metabolic disorders. Although more work is needed to validate the functionality of these HDLs, the data seem relevant for survivor health given the detection of potential biomarkers related to HDL metabolism and functionality in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Fournier
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
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