Skeletal muscle magnesium and potassium by gender and hypertensive status

Magnesium Urinary Excretion in Diabetic Adolescents

Objective: to define peculiarities of urinary magnesium (Mg) excretion in diabetic adolecents; to elucidate gender-related differences in Mg urinary excretion; to determine urinary Mg excretion differences between diabetic and age-matched healthy children. The diurnal, nocturnal and 24–h urinary Mg level in adolescent boys and girls (aged 13–17 years) with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) and in age-matched control groups of healthy boys and girls was examined. Additionally the adolescent girls were examined during different phases of their menstrual cycle. Results: Diurnal, overnight and 24–h Mg urinary excretion in diabetic adolescent boys and girls was significantly higher than in healthy ones. In diabetic boys 24 h Mg excretion was higher than in diabetic girls (4.59±1.4 vs. 3.34±1.5 mmol; p<0.05). The investigation showed gender-related differences in Mg urinary excretion in healthy adolescents: 24–h Mg urinary excretion was significantly higher in boys than in girls (2.66±0.9 vs. 2.1±0.9 mmol; p<0.05). The level of Mg in the nocturnal urine of boys and girls was significantly higher than in diurnal. Urine Mg was negatively related to height in adolescent girls. Conclusion: Diabetic adolescents excrete significantly more Mg with urine as compared to healthy ones.

Gender differences in correlations between the content of elements in rain water and the frequency of hospitalization for arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psoriasis in Opole Voivodship, Poland, during 2000-2002

The aim of this work is to show and give a plausible explanation to gender-dependent differences in correlations between the content of selected elements in rainwater and the frequency of hospitalization by reason of arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and psoriasis in the area of Opolskie Voivodeship, Poland, during the period 2000-2002. The elements analyzed were sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate. Hospitalization due to arterial hypertension was more frequent in women, whereas those for COPD and psoriasis were more frequent in men. In the case of women hospitalized for arterial hypertension, the correlations were low, except for zinc (r = 0.47) and for cadmium (r = 0.43). In men hospitalized for COPD, all of the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.4, except for phosphorus. The coefficients for nickel, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen ranged from 0.5 to 0.6 and the remaining elements from 0.6 to 0.7. In women, the correlation was limited to five elements where the coefficient was r > 0.4 for chloride, calcium, nitrate, phosphorus, and chromium. In cases of hospitalization for psoriasis, the correlation in men was between 0.4 and 0.5 for chloride, phosphorus, copper, lead, and total nitrogen and greater than 5 for sulfate, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, nitrate, and ammonium nitrogen. The correlation in women was between 0.48 and 0.5 for ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus.

Potassium kinetics and its relationship with ventilation during repeated bouts of exercise in women

The purpose of this study was to determine the electrolyte concentration changes in arterial plasma from high-intensity repeated bouts of cycling exercise in well-trained females and to determine the relationships between arterial plasma lactate, potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3(-)), and pH with minute ventilation. Fourteen female subjects (mean age = 27 +/- 4 years; mean height = 170 +/- 7 cm; mean weight = 62 +/- 7 kg; maximal oxygen uptake = 50 +/- 6 ml/kg/min) were recruited to perform 3 x 5 min bouts of exercise at 236 +/- 27 W with 10 min recovery between each set. Minute ventilation, arterial plasma lactate, potassium, calcium, chloride, and sodium ion concentrations were measured a minute 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of each set and midway through recovery (21 sampling points total per subject). The results showed that the strongest relationship was between arterial plasma K+ concentration and minute ventilation (r2 = 0.91), and, that arterial plasma lactate mirrored both arterial plasma HCO3(-) and pH. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that women exhibit similar electrolyte responses as reported elsewhere in men, and support the idea that K+ may partly contribute to controlling ventilation during high-intensity exercise and recovery.