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Matah Marte VM, Ateufack G, Mbiantcha M, Atsamo AD, Adjouzem CF, Djuichou Nguemnang SF, Tsafack EG, Yousseu Nana W, Madjo Kouam YK, Ngoufack Azanze E. Methanolic Extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) Stem Bark Suppresses Ethanol/Indomethacin-Induced Chronic Gastric Injury in Rats. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8180323. [PMID: 33354210 PMCID: PMC7737456 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8180323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Distemonanthus benthamianus (Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant from the Cameroon pharmacopoeia very widely used in the treatment of many pathologies among which are gastrointestinal disorders. The main purpose of this study was to assess the healing properties of gastric ulcer from the methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus and its mechanisms of action. The healing properties of gastric ulcers (chronic ulcer model induced by ethanol and indomethacin) were evaluated in vivo in adult male rats, while the mechanisms of action were evaluated in vitro by anti-inflammatory assay (protein denaturation, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase assays) and immunomodulatory assay (ROS production (using technical chemiluminescence), cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) production (using ELISA), proliferation of T cells (using liquid scintillation counter), and cytotoxicity (using MTT assay)). The methanolic extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus inhibited protein denaturation (75.63%) and the activities of cyclooxygenase (78.92%) and 5-lipoxygenase (81.54%). The extract also significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited intracellular and extracellular ROS production and T cell proliferation and reduced significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 production. At all doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg), the extract significantly reduces the ulceration index and the area of ulceration and significantly increases the mass of gastric mucus. In addition, the extract significantly decreases the level of MDA, significantly increases the activities of catalase and glutathione, and then improves the hematological parameters in sick animals. Histological micrographs show that in the presence of the extract, there is advanced reepithelialization with recovery of the ulcerated epithelium. Thus, the extract of Distemonanthus benthamianus has healing properties against gastric ulcers which are associated with its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mba Matah Marte
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gilbert Ateufack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marius Mbiantcha
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Carine Flore Adjouzem
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Eric Gonzal Tsafack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - William Yousseu Nana
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yacine Karelle Madjo Kouam
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvira Ngoufack Azanze
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
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Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. The Physiology of the Gastric Parietal Cell. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:573-602. [PMID: 31670611 PMCID: PMC7327232 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietal cells are responsible for gastric acid secretion, which aids in the digestion of food, absorption of minerals, and control of harmful bacteria. However, a fine balance of activators and inhibitors of parietal cell-mediated acid secretion is required to ensure proper digestion of food, while preventing damage to the gastric and duodenal mucosa. As a result, parietal cell secretion is highly regulated through numerous mechanisms including the vagus nerve, gastrin, histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and other agonists and antagonists. The tight regulation of parietal cells ensures the proper secretion of HCl. The H+-K+-ATPase enzyme expressed in parietal cells regulates the exchange of cytoplasmic H+ for extracellular K+. The H+ secreted into the gastric lumen by the H+-K+-ATPase combines with luminal Cl- to form gastric acid, HCl. Inhibition of the H+-K+-ATPase is the most efficacious method of preventing harmful gastric acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors and potassium competitive acid blockers are widely used therapeutically to inhibit acid secretion. Stimulated delivery of the H+-K+-ATPase to the parietal cell apical surface requires the fusion of intracellular tubulovesicles with the overlying secretory canaliculus, a process that represents the most prominent example of apical membrane recycling. In addition to their unique ability to secrete gastric acid, parietal cells also play an important role in gastric mucosal homeostasis through the secretion of multiple growth factor molecules. The gastric parietal cell therefore plays multiple roles in gastric secretion and protection as well as coordination of physiological repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Engevik
- Departments of Surgery and of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Departments of Surgery and of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Departments of Surgery and of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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So HM, Eom HJ, Lee D, Kim S, Kang KS, Lee IK, Baek KH, Park JY, Kim KH. Bioactivity evaluations of betulin identified from the bark of Betula platyphylla var. japonica for cancer therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:815-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Shao JS, Carmel R, Alpers DH. Production of ectopic gastric intrinsic factor in gastric mucosa of humans with chronic gastritis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:3209-19. [PMID: 21567190 PMCID: PMC4443845 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic expression of gastric intrinsic factor (IF) has been described in rodent models of chronic gastritis. AIMS The current study undertook to determine if ectopic IF was also present in chronic gastritis in humans and might identify the process of ectopic protein expression as part of the response to chronic injury. METHODS Archived biopsies from mid-body, angularis and prepylorus of 9 patients with and without chronic gastritis and food-cobalamin malabsorption were examined in a blinded fashion by immunocytochemistry as were biopsies from 5 normal subjects. Cells with ectopic IF were further examined with antibodies against pepsin or with Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSII) to identity cells in the mucous neck cell compartment. RESULTS Ectopic IF production in non-parietal cells was identified in cells that were H(+),K(+)-ATPase-negative but IF-positive in 7 of the 9 patients (6/9 in the angularis and/or prepylorus biopsies and 1/9 only in the mid-body). These included 5 of the 6 H. pylori-infected patients and all 5 patients with severe food-cobalamin malabsorption. No normal control subjects demonstrated ectopic IF. The cells with ectopic IF were pepsinogen-positive peptic cells and were not GSII-positive. Expression was most extensive in patients and gastric regions with inflammation. In all but one sample, ectopic IF was observed near anatomical mucosal junctions, such as antral/body and prepylorus/duodenum junctions. CONCLUSIONS These data in humans with and without gastritis are consistent with the hypothesis that local factors influence ectopic gastric IF expression, arising from either the anatomical location, the focal inflammation, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Shao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R. Carmel
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. H. Alpers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Campus Box 8031, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave., St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Selective upregulation of endothelial E-selectin in response to Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Infect Immun 2009; 77:3109-16. [PMID: 19414551 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01460-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial pathogens, infecting up to 50% of the world's population. The host is not able to clear the infection, leading to life-long chronic inflammation with continuous infiltration of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The migration of leukocytes from the blood into inflamed tissue is dependent on adhesion molecules expressed on the vascular endothelium. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of H. pylori-induced gastritis with regard to the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the gastric mucosa and compare this to other types of chronic mucosal inflammations. Our results demonstrate an increased level of expression of the adhesion molecule E-selectin, but not of intracellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, or vascular adhesion protein 1, in H. pylori-induced gastritis but not in gastritis induced by acetylsalicylic acid or pouchitis. The upregulated E-selectin expression was determined to be localized to the gastric mucosa rather than being a systemic response to the infection. Moreover, the H. pylori type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) was found to be an important determinant for the upregulation of human endothelial E-selectin expression in vitro, and this process is probably dependent on the CagL protein, mediating binding to alpha5beta1 integrins. Thus, endothelial E-selectin expression induced by H. pylori probably contributes to the large influx of neutrophils and macrophages seen in infected individuals, and our results suggest that this process may be more pronounced in patients infected with cagPAI-positive H. pylori strains and may thereby contribute to tissue damage in these individuals.
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Zhang X, Tajima K, Kageyama K, Kyoi T. Irsogladine maleate suppresses indomethacin-induced elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and gastric injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:4784-90. [PMID: 18720540 PMCID: PMC2739341 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mucosal protective effect and the mechanisms of action of the anti-ulcer drug irsogladine maleate in gastric injury induced by indomethacin in rats.
METHODS: Gastric mucosal injury was induced in male Hos:Donryu rats by oral administration of indomethacin at a dose of 48 mg/kg. One hour before indomethacin treatment, animals were orally pretreated with irsogladine maleate at doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Four hours after indomethacin administration, the animals were sacrificed and their stomachs were rapidly removed and processed for the evaluation of gastric mucosal damage and the determination of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in mucosal tissues.
RESULTS: Linear hemorrhagic mucosal lesions were observed primarily in the glandular stomach 4 h after oral administration of indomethacin. Pretreatment with irsogladine maleate markedly reduced the number and severity of these lesions in a dose-dependent manner. The mucosal concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) and MPO, which indicates the degree of mucosal infiltration by neutrophils, increased concomitantly with the occurrence of gastric injury in the indomethacin-treated rats. Pretreatment with irsogladine maleate significantly decreased the levels of these inflammatory factors in gastric tissue elicited by indomethacin.
CONCLUSION: The mucosal protective effects afforded by irsogladine maleate on gastric injury induced by indomethacin are mediated by inhibition of mucosal proinflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration, leading to suppression of mucosal inflammation and subsequent tissue destruction.
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Smolka AJ, Goldenring JR, Gupta S, Hammond CE. Inhibition of gastric H,K-ATPase activity and gastric epithelial cell IL-8 secretion by the pyrrolizine derivative ML 3000. BMC Gastroenterol 2004; 4:4. [PMID: 15028114 PMCID: PMC368434 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ML 3000 ([2,2-dimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-yl]-acetic acid) is an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase in vitro, and shows promise as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Unlike conventional NSAIDs which are associated with gastric ulcerogenic effects, ML 3000 causes little or no damage to the gastric mucosa, even though it significantly depresses gastric prostaglandin synthesis. Methods As part of an effort to clarify mechanisms underlying the gastric sparing properties of ML 3000, we studied the effects of ML 3000 on H,K-ATPase activity in vitro, on acid accumulation in isolated gastric parietal cells, and on IL-8 secretion by gastric epithelial cells in culture. Results SCH28080-sensitive H,K-ATPase activity in highly-purified pig gastric microsomes was dose-dependently inhibited by ML 3000 (IC50 = 16.4 μM). Inhibition was reversible, and insensitive to ML 3000 acidification in the pH range 2.0–8.0. In rabbit gastric parietal cells, ML 3000 dose-dependently inhibited histamine-stimulated acid accumulation (IC50 = 40 μM) and forskolin-stimulated acid accumulation (IC50 = 45 μM). Lastly, in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, ML 3000 dose-dependently inhibited both baseline and IL-1β-stimulated (20 ng/ml) IL-8 secretion with IC50s of 0.46 μM and 1.1 μM respectively. Conclusion The data indicate that ML 3000 affects acid-secretory mechanisms downstream of cAMP mobilization induced by histamine H2 receptor activation, that it directly inhibits H,K-ATPase specific activity, and that baseline gastric epithelial cell IL-8 secretory inhibition may be mediated by ML 3000 inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity. We conclude that these gastric function inhibitory data may underlie the gastric sparing properties of ML 3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Smolka
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Charles E Hammond
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Risch HA. RESPONSE Re: Etiology of Pancreatic Cancer, With a Hypothesis Concerning the Role of N-Nitroso Compounds and Excess Gastric Acidity. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University Research Institute (GUVAX), Göteborg University, PO Box 435, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Shimizu T, Kusugami K, Ina K, Imada A, Nishio Y, Hosokawa T, Ohsuga M, Shimada M, Noshiro M, Kaneko H, Ando T. Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric ulcer exhibits enhanced mucosal chemokine activity at the ulcer site. Digestion 2001; 62:87-94. [PMID: 11025355 DOI: 10.1159/000007800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although mucosal alpha- and beta-chemokines are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, little is known how these chemokines are related to the ulcerogenesis in peptic ulcer patients. We examined the levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in organ cultures and the numbers of inflammatory cells infiltrating the lamina propria by using the mucosal tissues obtained from gastric ulcer (GU) patients with and without H. pylori infection. METHODS Levels of IL-8 and MIP-1alpha secreted in organ cultures were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Numbers of myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils, CD68-positive macrophages, and mononuclear cells were determined in tissue sections. RESULTS The mucosal tissues of both the gastric antrum and the ulcer site obtained from patients with H. pylori-positive GU showed significantly higher levels of IL-8 and MIP-1alpha and increased numbers of inflammatory cells compared with the corresponding mucosal tissues from those with H. pylori-negative GU or the antral mucosal tissues from H. pylori-negative controls. When the values were compared between the mucosal tissues from the gastric antrum and those from the ulcer site, the latter group of tissues showed significantly higher levels of IL-8 and MIP-1alpha and increased numbers of neutrophils and macrophages than the former group regardless of its healing process in patients with H. pylori-positive GU. CONCLUSION Mucosal alpha- and beta-chemokines may be important to the ulcerogenesis in H. pylori-associated GU disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sung J, Russell RI, Chan FK, Chen S, Fock K, Goh KL, Kullavanijaya P, Kimura K, Lau C, Louw J, Sollano J, Triadiafalopulos G, Xiao S, Brooks P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity in the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15 Suppl:G58-68. [PMID: 11100995 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) toxicity in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the most common serious drug-induced toxicity reported to drug regulatory authorities. In the last two decades, the rediscovery of H. pylori, development of potent ulcer-healing drugs and specific Cox-II inhibitors have opened new horizons in the management of NSAID toxicity. A Working Party composed of gastroenterologists and rheumatologists in the Asia-Pacific region met in Cairns, Australia, in 1999 to review the literature and develop appropriate guidelines. Recommendations were made based on the latest existing evidence. The importance of clinical events as study endpoints was emphasized. While differences exist between NSAIDs and aspirin, most studies have shown that advanced age, history of peptic ulcer disease, serious concomitant illnesses and coprescription of NSAID/aspirin with anticoagulants and steroids are high risk factors. These patients should be considered for prophylactic anti-ulcer therapy. Helicobacter pylori infection may aggravate the toxicity of NSAIDs and, in selected cases, should be treated before NSAID/aspirin is prescribed. Proton pump inhibitors and misoprostol are the most promising agents in preventing gastric and duodenal ulcers. When NSAID/aspirin needs to be continued in patients who develop an NSAID-related ulcer, proton pump inhibitors offer the best healing effect. With the discovery of cyclo-oxygenase isoforms (Cox-I and Cox-II), preferential and specific Cox-II inhibitors have been developed. While early clinical data have suggested promising antiinflammatory effects and improved safety profile in the gastrointestinal tract, several key issues on long-term safety remain unresolved. The use of potent anti-ulcer therapy, treatment of H. pylori infection and the development of Cox-II inhibitor will change the scenario of NSAID/aspirin-related gastrointestinal toxicity in the next millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT.
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Kleveland PM, Waldum HL. Intragastric pH and Helicobacter pylori treatment with proton pump inhibitors combined with amoxycillin. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998; 33:1230. [PMID: 9867105 DOI: 10.1080/00365529850172629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Beales IL. Effect of cytokines on acid secretion and gastrin secretion in Helicobacter pylori infection and aspirin-induced gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998; 33:1230-2. [PMID: 9867106 DOI: 10.1080/00365529850172638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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