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Ahuja K, Vats A, Beg MA, Kariyawasam KKGDUL, Chaudhury A, Chatterjee M, Karunaweera ND, Selvapandiyan A. High resolution melting based method for rapid discriminatory diagnosis of co-infecting Leptomonas seymouri in Leishmania donovani-induced leishmaniasis. Parasitol Int 2019; 75:102047. [PMID: 31887394 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite of family Trypanosomatidae, causes fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent and Africa and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka. Another member of Trypanosomatidae, Leptomonas seymouri, resembling Leishmania was discovered recently to co-exist with L. donovani in the clinical samples from India and Sri Lanka and therefore, interfere with its investigations. We earlier described a method for selective elimination of such co-existing L. seymouri from clinical samples of VL exploiting the differential growth of the parasites at 37 °C in vitro. Here, we explored ways for a rapid discriminatory diagnosis using high resolution melting (HRM) curves to detect co-occurring L. seymouri with L. donovani in clinical samples. Initial attempt with kDNA-minicircle (mitochondrial DNA) based HRM did not display different Tm values between L. donovani and L. seymouri. Surprisingly, all of their minicircle sequences co-existed in similar clades in the dendrogram analysis, although the kDNA sequences are known for its species and strain specific variations among the Trypanosomatids. However, an HRM analysis that targets the HSP70 gene successfully recognized the presence of L. seymouri in the clinical isolates. This discovery will facilitate rapid diagnosis of L. seymouri and further investigations in to this elusive organism, including the clinico-pathological implications of its co-existence with L. donovani in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Ahuja
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Bio & Nano Technology Centre, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Abhishek Vats
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Mirza Adil Beg
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - K K G D U L Kariyawasam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No. 25, Kynsey Road, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Bio & Nano Technology Centre, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata 700020, India
| | - Nadira D Karunaweera
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No. 25, Kynsey Road, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
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Chen H, Li J, Zhang J, Guo X, Liu J, He J, Song Q, Zhang J, Chen M, Zheng Z, Chen D, Chen J. Multi-locus characterization and phylogenetic inference of Leishmania spp. in snakes from Northwest China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210681. [PMID: 31022192 PMCID: PMC6483563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania is a neglected disease which is endemic in the northwest of China. Reptiles were considered to be the potential reservoir hosts for mammalian Leishmaniasis, and Leishmania had been detected in lizards from the epidemic area in the northwest of China. To date, few studies are focused on the natural infection of snakes with Leishmania. METHODS In this study, 15 snakes captured from 10 endemic foci in the northwest of China were detected Leishmania spp. on the base of mitochondrial cytochrome b, heat shock protein 70 gene and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions, and identified with phylogenetic and network analyses. RESULT In total, Leishmania gene was found in 7 snakes. The phylogenetic inference trees and network analysis suggests that the species identification was confirmed as Leishmania donovani, L. turanica and L. (Sauroleishmania) sp. CONCLUSION Our work is the first time to investigate the natural Leishmania spp. infection of snakes in the northwest of China. Mammalian Leishmania (L. donovani and L. turanica) was discovered in snakes and the reptilian Leishmania (Sauroleishmania sp.) was closely related to the clinical strains both prompt the importance of snakes in the disease cycle. To indicate the epidemiological involvement of snakes, a wide sample size in epidemic area and the pathogenic features of reptilian Leishmania promastigotes are recommended in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junrong Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei He
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Song
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yuan D, Qin H, Zhang J, Liao L, Chen Q, Chen D, Chen J. Phylogenetic analysis of HSP70 and cyt b gene sequences for Chinese Leishmania isolates and ultrastructural characteristics of Chinese Leishmania sp. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:693-702. [PMID: 27942942 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a worldwide epidemic disease caused by the genus Leishmania, which is still endemic in the west and northwest areas of China. Some viewpoints of the traditional taxonomy of Chinese Leishmania have been challenged by recent phylogenetic researches based on different molecular markers. However, the taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Leishmania isolates remain controversial, which need for more data and further analysis. In this study, the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene and cytochrome b (cyt b) gene were used for phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Leishmania isolates from patients, dogs, gerbils, and sand flies in different geographic origins. Besides, for the interesting Leishmania sp. in China, the ultrastructure of three Chinese Leishmania sp. strains (MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, SD, GL) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Bayesian trees from HSP70 and cyt b congruently indicated that the 14 Chinese Leishmania isolates belong to three Leishmania species including L. donovani complex, L. gerbilli, and L. (Sauroleishmania) sp. Their identity further confirmed that the undescribed Leishmania species causing visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in China is closely related to L. tarentolae. The phylogenetic results from HSP70 also suggested the classification of subspecies within L. donovani complex: KXG-918, KXG-927, KXG-Liu, KXG-Xu, 9044, SC6, and KXG-65 belong to L. donovani; Cy, WenChuan, and 801 were proposed to be L. infantum. Through transmission electron microscopy, unexpectedly, the Golgi apparatus were not observed in SC10H2, SD, and GL, which was similar to previous reports of reptilian Leishmania. The statistical analysis of microtubule counts separated SC10H2, SD, and GL as one group from any other reference strain (L. donovani MHOM/IN/80/DD8; L. tropica MHOM/SU/74/K27; L. gerbilli MRHO/CN/60/GERBILLI). The ultrastructural characteristics of Leishmania sp. partly lend support to the phylogenetic inference that Chinese Leishmania sp. is in close relationship with reptilian Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxiao Qin
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China College of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Fatollahzadeh M, Khanmohammadi M, Bazmani A, Mirsamadi N, Jafari R, Mohebali M, Nemati T, Fallah E. Survey of feline visceral leishmaniasis in Azarshahr area, north west of Iran, 2013. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:683-7. [PMID: 27605767 PMCID: PMC4996172 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar, which is endemic in some part of Iran. Azarshahr city located in East Azerbaijan province, North West of Iran, which is endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. This study aimed to investigate the possible reservoir role of cats for visceral leishmaniasis in the Azarshahr area. Totally 65 cats have been trapped alive from villages of Azarshahr county and their serum samples subjected to direct agglutination test (DAT) for L. infantum antibodies. Giemsa stained impression smears have been prepared for parasitological examination of spleen and liver tissue. Also liver and spleen samples of the cats have been cultured in Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium and also used for PCR. None from 65 samples was positive in NNN culture, PCR and microscopic examination. Fifteen (23.07 %) out of 65 serum samples showed Leishmania specific antibody agglutination at 1:320 dilution or above, but all considered as negative because none of them confirmed by Giemsa stained smears, PCR and NNN culture. According to the findings of the present study, cats are not a reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis in the Azarshahr area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fatollahzadeh
- Tabriz Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Khanmohammadi
- Department of Parasitology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Bazmani
- Tabriz Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mirsamadi
- Department of Parasitology, Central Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Nemati
- Tabriz Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmail Fallah
- Tabriz Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Leishmania is an infectious protozoan parasite related to African and American trypanosomes. All Leishmania species that are pathogenic to humans can cause dermal disease. When one is confronted with cutaneous leishmaniasis, identification of the causative species is relevant in both clinical and epidemiological studies, case management, and control. This review gives an overview of the currently existing and most used assays for species discrimination, with a critical appraisal of the limitations of each technique. The consensus taxonomy for the genus is outlined, including debatable species designations. Finally, a numerical literature analysis is presented that describes which methods are most used in various countries and regions in the world, and for which purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van der Auwera
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Dujardin
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium Antwerp University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
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Tolouei S, Hejazi SH, Ghaedi K, Hasheminia SJ. Identification of leishmania isolates from healing and nonhealing cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using internal transcribed spacer region PCR. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e9529. [PMID: 25147707 PMCID: PMC4138626 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.9529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease in most parts of Iran, especially in the Isfahan province. The most common form of CL is a self-healing lesion but in rare situations, infection might develop to non-healing forms. Clinical symptoms and treatment process might be influenced by several agents such as host immune response and parasite strains. In this study, the isolates which caused healing and nonhealing forms of CL in Isfahan were characterized by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify Leishmania species isolated from healing and non-healing CLs using PCR method. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients resident in Isfahan province, with healing or non-healing form of CL were entered into this study. After DNA extraction, the identification of Leishmania isolates was done by ITS1-PCR method. Results: Leishmania major was found as the predominant species (100%) in both healing and non-healing forms of CL. Conclusions: It seems that there is no difference between Leishmania species in healing and non-healing forms of CL. In order to recognize the reason of long lasting lesions in non-healing patients, the study about parasite strains and immune factors at the molecular level mostly in nonhealing patient is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3117922427, E-mail:
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hasheminia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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Tiwananthagorn S, Bhutto AM, Baloch JH, Soomro FR, Kawamura Y, Nakao R, Aoshima K, Nonaka N, Oku Y, Katakura K. Zoophilic feeding behaviour of phlebotomine sand flies in the endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis of Sindh Province, Pakistan. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:125-33. [PMID: 22246369 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania (Leishmania) major has been identified as the major causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sindh Province of southern Pakistan. To make a rational approach for understanding the pathogen transmission cycles, the sand fly species and their natural blood meals in the endemic areas were examined. Total DNA was individually extracted from sand flies collected in four villages in Sindh Province. PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene revealed that female sand flies identified were Sergentomyia clydei/Sergentomyia ghesquierei/Sergentomyia magna (68.6%), Sergentomyia dubia (17.1%), Phlebotomus papatasi (7.4%), Phlebotomus alexandri-like sand flies (3.4%) and Sergentomyia dentata (3.4%). PCR amplification of leishmanial kinetoplast DNA did not result in positive signals, suggesting that all 175 tested female sand flies were not infected with leishmanial parasites or contained undetectable levels of leishmanial DNA. Amplification and sequencing of the vertebrate cytochrome b gene in 28 blood-fed sand flies revealed that P. papatasi fed on cattle and wild rat whereas P. alexandri-like specimens fed on human, cattle, goat and dog. Although Sergentomyia sand flies are generally known to feed on cold-blooded animals, S. clydei, S. dubia and S. ghesquierei preferred humans, cattle, goat, sheep, buffalo, dog, donkey, wild rat and Indian gerbil. The epidemiological significance of the zoophilic feeding on various host species by Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia sand flies in Pakistan is further required to study for better understanding the zoonotic transmission of sand-fly-borne pathogens and for appropriate management of the vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruda Tiwananthagorn
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Sharifi I, Poursmaelian S, Aflatoonian MR, Ardakani RF, Mirzaei M, Fekri AR, Khamesipour A, Parizi MH, Harandi MF. Emergence of a new focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica in rural communities of Bam district after the earthquake, Iran. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:510-3. [PMID: 21255206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a new emerging focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to Leishmania tropica in rural areas of Dehbakry county, south-eastern Iran, after the earthquake of 2003. METHODS House-to-house survey of 3884 inhabitants for active leishmaniasis lesions or scars. The diagnosis was confirmed by smears, cultures and identification of the parasite by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS All age groups were affected, although patients ≤10 years of age showed the highest rate of infection (P = 0.0001). The overall prevalence rate was 5.3%; 6.3% in females and 4.3% in males. Of 204 cases, 1.8% had active sores and 3.5% had scars, with a significant difference between the sexes (P = 0.005). 47% of the lesions were on the face and 77.9% had one lesion. The incidence rose gradually 2004-2005, but grew exponentially 2006-2008. Electrophoresis of PCR products indicated that L. tropica was the causative agent. CONCLUSIONS The current emergence was unexpected in this rural locality, where no previous history of CL was recorded. According to our knowledge this is the first report of a gradually establishing new ACL focus in rural communities after the 2003 earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sharifi
- Dermatology and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Sharifi I, Fekri AR, Aflatoonian MR, Khamesipour A, Mahboudi F, Dowlati Y, Nadim A, Modabber F. Leishmaniasis recidivans among school children in Bam, South-east Iran, 1994-2006. Int J Dermatol 2010; 49:557-61. [PMID: 20534092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis recidivans (LR) is a rare phenomenon in the world with high morbidity in children. METHODS Overall 22 838 school children were examined during 1994-2006. Diagnosis was performed by combination of methods as clinical appearance, direct smears, cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histology. RESULTS Ninety-eight cases were diagnosed as LR with duration of lesions varying from 2 to 8 years and diameter of lesions 1-5 cm, yellowish-brown appearance with papules around or in the scar. Most of the lesions (95%) were on the face. No amastigote was found in direct smears. Identification of nine random isolates by PCR confirmed all species to be L. tropica. Tissue sections showed typical granulomatous reactions with various inflammatory cells but no visible amastigote was seen. CONCLUSIONS The presence of LR as an important cause of morbidity has future implications for treatment regimens and immunoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Bhutto AM, Soomro FR, Baloch JH, Matsumoto J, Uezato H, Hashiguchi Y, Katakura K. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) major infection in Sindh province, Pakistan. Acta Trop 2009; 111:295-8. [PMID: 19467219 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is endemic in Pakistan and is wide-spread throughout the country. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the Leishmania species present in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients from new endemic areas of the central part of Sindh province, Pakistan. The PCR primers used were designed for the identification and differentiation of Leishmania (Leishmania) major and Leishmania (Leishmania) tropica species, and PCR bands at 620 and 830 bp of the parasite-specific kinetoplast DNA sequences was identified for L. (L.) major and L. (L.) tropica, respectively. Among a total of 144 DNA samples purified from the skin biopsies of clinically suspected CL patients, 108 (75%) were positive for PCR amplification. Out of the 108 cases, 105 (97.2%) were determined to be positive for L. (L.) major infection, and 3 (2.8%) were positive for L. (L.) tropica infection. It was concluded that CL caused by L. (L.) major is the main source of infection in the central part of Sindh province in Pakistan. This rapid screening technique could be used for the diagnosis of a large number of samples from skin lesions, which commonly contain other bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Manan Bhutto
- Department of Dermatology, Chandka Medical College, Doctors Colony, Bunglow No. 14, VIP Road, Larkana, Pakistan. bhutto
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Parvizi P, Moradi G, Akbari G, Farahmand M, Ready PD, Piazak N, Assmar M, Amirkhani A. PCR detection and sequencing of parasite ITS-rDNA gene from reservoirs host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran. Parasitol Res 2008; 103:1273-8. [PMID: 18791741 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania major is the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in which gerbils are the reservoir host. ZCL is of great public health importance in Iran. In the current investigation, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols were used to amplify a region of the ribosomal RNA amplicon of Leishmania (ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene). The PCR assays detected L. major in three rodent species: Rhombomis opimus, Meriones lybicus and, for first time, Meriones persicus. L. major parasite was found in Natanz, Isfahan Province in the center of Iran in a focus of rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Four L. major infections were detected in R. opimus species, three in M. Lybicus, and two in M. persicus. All nine rodent infections of L. major were found to be the same haplotype based on the PCR detection and sequencing of parasite ITS-ribosomal DNA gene. In addition, also for the first time, the nested PCR assays detected Leishmania tropica only in one M. persicus. Allied to studies in country, the new findings mean that past conclusions about the reservoir of L. major in Iran must be treated with caution. Finding two Leishmania species in different rodent species as reservoir in Iran, therefore, careful molecular eco-epidemiological investigations will be an essential part of modeling the roles of different gerbil species in maintaining and spreading ZCL foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Parvizi
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur Ave., Tehran, Iran.
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