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Piorunek M, Brajer-Luftmann B, Walkowiak J. Pasteurella Multocida Infection in Humans. Pathogens 2023; 12:1210. [PMID: 37887726 PMCID: PMC10610061 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an immobile, anaerobic, Gram-negative coccobacillus fermenting bacterium. This pathogen is commonly prevalent in the upper airways of healthy pets, such as cats and dogs, but was also confirmed in domestic cattle, rabbits, pigs, birds, and various wild animals. Infection in humans occurs as a result of biting, scratching, or licking by animals and contact with nasopharyngeal secretions. Inflammation at the site of infection develops within the first day from the injury. It is usually confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue but, in particular situations, may spread to other organs and manifest as a severe systemic infection. Careful history-taking and microbiological confirmation of the infection enable diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Any wound resulting from an animal bite should be disinfected. The preferred and highly effective treatment against local P. multocida infection is penicillin or its derivatives. The prognosis for P. multocida infections depends on the infected site and the patient's comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piorunek
- Veterinary Practice Marcin Piorunek, 60-185 Skórzewo, Poland
| | - Beata Brajer-Luftmann
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland;
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Maritati M, Liverani L, Gigante A, Zanoli GA, De Rito G. The First Case of a Drug-Resistant Pasteurella multocida Prosthetic Knee Infection Successfully Treated With Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention. Cureus 2023; 15:e38389. [PMID: 37265901 PMCID: PMC10231663 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, a zoonotic infectious organism, has most often been described in patients after an animal bite. It can cause a variety of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to more serious systemic infections, such as sepsis and meningitis. P. multocida is a rare but well-recognized cause of prosthetic joint infections. Here, we report the first implant-associated infection caused by drug-resistant (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) P. multocida, which was cured with targeted antimicrobial treatment and debridement, exchange of mobile parts, and retention of the prosthesis. Patients undergoing arthroplasty should be informed of the risks of close contact with pets, especially in light of the worrying phenomena of drug resistance spreading among animals due to the addition of antibiotics in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maritati
- Orthopaedics, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, Occhiobello, ITA
- Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, ITA
| | - Luca Liverani
- Orthopaedics, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, Occhiobello, ITA
| | - Antonio Gigante
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, ITA
| | | | - Giuseppe De Rito
- Orthopaedics, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, Occhiobello, ITA
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van Wezel E, van der Beek E, Siebrecht M, Stel A, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Meessen N. Pet-related bacterial zoonotic infections: Three cases of severe infections in the immunocompromised host. IDCases 2022; 30:e01623. [PMID: 36204686 PMCID: PMC9530478 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pets can have many positive effects on their owners. However, close contact with pets offers optimal conditions for transmission of micro-organisms. Especially immunocompromised patients are at risk for zoonotic infections. Here we describe the diagnosis, microbiology and treatment of three patients with severe zoonotic infections with Helicobacter canis, Pasteurella multocida and Capnocytophaga canimorsus. With this case report we would like to emphasize the importance of awareness for pet-related zoonotic infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Kannangara DW, Pandya D, Patel P. Pasteurella multocida Infections with Unusual Modes of Transmission from Animals to Humans: A Study of 79 Cases with 34 Nonbite Transmissions. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:637-651. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Don Walter Kannangara
- Department of Medicine, St Luke's University Health Network, Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dhyanesh Pandya
- Department of Medicine, St Luke's University Health Network, Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pritiben Patel
- Department of Family Practice, St Luke's University Health Network, Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA
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Pasteurella bacteraemia: Impact of comorbidities on outcome, based on a case series and literature review. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 92:89-96. [PMID: 31926353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pasteurella bacteraemia is rare, but has been associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of comorbidities on patients with Pasteurella bacteraemia. METHODS All cases of Pasteurella bacteraemia in adults treated in our centre between January 2008 and December 2017 were included retrospectively and compared with cases identified in a systematic review of the literature via MEDLINE covering the years 1951-2017. The epidemiological, bacteriological, and clinical data were collected, as well as the instances of death after 30 days. RESULTS Twenty cases of Pasteurella bacteraemia identified in our centre and 99 cases from the literature review were included. A major comorbidity was found in 80/119 (67.2%) patients. The death rate at 30 days was 31.1%. The most common comorbidities were cirrhosis, immunosuppressive therapy, and malignant diseases. Age was not associated with mortality. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with mortality was a major comorbidity (odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.01-7.70; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the high mortality rate and highlights the importance of the host background, independent of age, in Pasteurella bacteraemia. Clinicians should be aware of the comorbidities in cases of Pasteurella infection, due to the poor prognosis of bacteraemia.
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SAĞKAN ÖZTÜRK A, KÖSE Sİ. Gizli Tehdit: Et Yiyen Zoonoz Bakteriler. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.438344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Pasteurella multocida Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Patient. Case Rep Med 2016; 2016:7392847. [PMID: 27847521 PMCID: PMC5099474 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7392847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian gentleman who presented with a one-day history of fever, chills, and altered mental status. His symptoms were initially thought to be secondary to cellulitis. Blood cultures grew Pasteurella multocida, a rare pathogen to cause bacteremia. Our patient was treated with ciprofloxacin for two weeks and made a complete and uneventful recovery. Our patient's uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease put him at a higher risk for developing serious P. multocida infection. The patient's dog licking the wounds on his legs was considered as the possible source of infection. As P. multicoda bacteremia is rare, but severe with a high mortality rate, it is imperative to have a high index of suspicion for this infection especially in the vulnerable immunocompromised population.
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Lambertini E, Buchanan RL, Narrod C, Pradhan AK. Transmission of Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens between Pets and Humans: The Role of Pet Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:364-418. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.902356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pasteurella multocida infection in solid organ transplantation. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:235-40. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hosoda T, Yanagisawa N, Morioka H, Suganuma A, Imamura A, Ajisawa A. [Necrotizing fasciitis after a cat bite: a case report]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 87:211-4. [PMID: 23713332 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.87.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on a previously healthy 56-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with fever and progressive left foot pain. She had been bitten by a cat 7 days previously, and cephalosporins had been prescribed for treatment. However, her clinical symptoms deteriorated, and physical examination on admission was compatible with necrotizing fasciitis. Treatment with ampicillin-sulbactam and clindamycin was initiated. In addition, immediate surgical debridement was performed, resulting in therapeutic success. Culture of the necrotizing tissue grew multiple organisms, including Pasteurella multocida and Bacteroides caccae. Administration of appropriate antibiotics after a cat bite is essential for the prevention of potentially fatal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hosoda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital
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Banovic F, Linder K, Boone A, Jennings S, Murphy KM. Cat scratch-induced Pasteurella multocida necrotizing cellulitis in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:463-5, e107-8. [PMID: 23738879 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, rapidly developing Pasteurella multocida cellulitis after a cat scratch or bite is a well-known entity that sometimes progresses to necrotizing fasciitis and can be fatal. CASE REPORT A 3-year-old female spayed whippet dog developed ecchymosis, swelling and pain within 24 h of being scratched by a cat on the ventral thorax. Over the following days, while being treated only with pain medications, the lesions rapidly progressed into haemorrhagic bullae with expanding skin necrosis. A heavy growth of P. multocida was seen on bacterial cultures, and histological examination showed marked, suppurative panniculitis with necrosis of the epidermis, dermis and panniculus. Special histological stains highlighted a moderate amount of Gram-negative coccobacilli admixed with inflammatory cells. Complete resolution was achieved with surgical debridement, skin grafting and intravenous antibiotic treatment. Positive bacterial culture for P. multocida, in conjunction with the history, clinical findings, histology results and the rapid response to therapy, strongly supports a diagnosis of P. multocida necrotizing cellulitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Complications of cat bite-associated P. multocida infections in humans are well known. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documentation of P. multocida necrotizing cellulitis in a dog following a cat scratch wound. This case highlights the rapidity and severity of P. multocida cellulitis, if not recognized and treated early. Veterinarians should include P. multocida in the differential diagnosis of any local wound infection following a cat scratch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Banovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Wilkie IW, Harper M, Boyce JD, Adler B. Pasteurella multocida: diseases and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361:1-22. [PMID: 22643916 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an enigmatic pathogen. It is remarkable both for the number and range of specific disease syndromes with which it is associated, and the wide range of host species affected. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in causing the different syndromes are, for the most part, poorly understood or completely unknown. The biochemical and serological properties of some organisms responsible for quite different syndromes appear to be similar. Thus, the molecular basis for host predilection remains unknown. The recent development of genetic manipulation systems together with the availability of multiple genome sequences should help to explain the association of particular pathological conditions with particular hosts as well as helping to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Wilkie
- Department of Microbiology, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Stillaert FB, De Baerdemaeker L, De Waele JJ, Claeys G, Blondeel PN, Monstrey S. Necrotizing fasciitis complicated by fatal multiple organ dysfunction due to Pasteurella multocida infection: a case report. Acta Clin Belg 2010; 65:412-4. [PMID: 21268955 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2010.65.6.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is rarely caused by Pasteurella multocida, a facultative anaerobic gram-negative coccobacillus found in the flora of the oro-gastrointestinal tract of many animals. We describe a rare case with overwhelming septicaemia resulting in multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Stillaert
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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Pasteurella multocida Septicemia in Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenic Dairy Farmer With Lung Cancer. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181c75401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Colinon C, Jocktane D, Brothier E, Rossolini GM, Cournoyer B, Nazaret S. Genetic analyses ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from healthy captive snakes: evidence of high inter- and intrasite dissemination and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes. Environ Microbiol 2010; 12:716-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marois C, Fablet C, Gaillot O, Morvan H, Madec F, Kobisch M. Molecular diversity of porcine and human isolates ofPasteurella multocida. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1830-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bite-related and septic syndromes caused by cats and dogs. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2009; 9:439-47. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Pasteurella multocida Septicemia, Due to Close Contact With a Pet Rabbit, in a Splenectomized Patient. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181812c3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee S, Roh KH, Kim CK, Yong D, Choi JY, Lee JW, Lee K, Chong Y. A case of necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and Finegoldia magna in a dog-bitten patient with diabetes. Korean J Lab Med 2009; 28:191-5. [PMID: 18594170 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2008.28.3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis involving Streptococcus agalactiae, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and Finegoldia magna in a 36-yr-old female diabetic patient, which started after a minor dog bite to the toe of the patient. This case suggested that a trivial infection after a minor dog bite in an immunocompromised patient such as diabetes patient could result in a significant complication such as necrotizing fasciitis. The life-threatening infection was cured by timely above-the-knee amputation, as well as penicillin G and clindamycin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsil Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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