1
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Villano R, Tinto F, Di Marzo V. Facile and Sustainable Synthesis of Commendamide and its Analogues. Front Chem 2022; 10:858854. [PMID: 35300384 PMCID: PMC8921460 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.858854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Commendamide, or N-(3-hydroxypalmitoyl)-glycine 1a, is a gut microbiota-derived bioactive metabolite, structurally similar to long-chain N-acyl-amino acids which belong to the complex lipid signaling system known as endocannabinoidome and play important roles in mammals through activation of, inter alia, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this work, we describe a simple, green and economic method for the preparation of commendamide 1a, a GPCR G2A/132 agonist. The developed protocol is general and could also be applied to the synthesis of deuterated commendamide 1b, as well as to other minor microbiota-derived metabolites, such as the analog 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Villano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosaria Villano,
| | - Francesco Tinto
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Centre NUTRISS, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de l’Université et Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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2
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Fernandes RA, Chaudhari DA, Jha AK. Evolution of Strategies in Paraconic Acids Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India
| | - Dipali A. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India
| | - Amit K. Jha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India
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3
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Gehlawat A, Prakash R, Pandey SK. An efficient enantioselective approach to multifunctionalized γ-butyrolactone: concise synthesis of (+)-nephrosteranic acid. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19655-19658. [PMID: 35515420 PMCID: PMC9054058 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A short, efficient and novel approach for multifunctionalized γ-butyrolactone paraconic acids and its application to the total synthesis of (+)-nephrosteranic acid from readily available PMB (R)-glycidyl ether as a starting material are described. Key transformations include asymmetric Michael addition catalyzed by chiral diphenylprolinol silyl ether and stereoselective α-methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Gehlawat
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147 001 India
| | - Ranjana Prakash
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147 001 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147 001 India .,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221 005 India
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4
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Kutschera A, Dawid C, Gisch N, Schmid C, Raasch L, Gerster T, Schäffer M, Smakowska-Luzan E, Belkhadir Y, Vlot AC, Chandler CE, Schellenberger R, Schwudke D, Ernst RK, Dorey S, Hückelhoven R, Hofmann T, Ranf S. Bacterial medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid metabolites trigger immunity in
Arabidopsis
plants. Science 2019; 364:178-181. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A fatty acid triggers immune responses
Plants and animals respond to the microbial communities around them, whether in antagonistic or mutualistic ways. Some of these interactions are mediated by lipopolysaccharide—a large, complex, and irregular molecule on the surface of most Gram-negative bacteria. Studying the small mustard plant
Arabidopsis
, Kutschera
et al.
identified a 3-hydroxydecanoyl chain as the structural element sensed by the plant's lectin receptor kinase. Indeed, synthetic 3-hydroxydecanoic acid alone was sufficient to produce a response. A small microbial metabolite may thus suffice to trigger immune responses.
Science
, this issue p.
178
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kutschera
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Schmid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Lars Raasch
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Tim Gerster
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Milena Schäffer
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Elwira Smakowska-Luzan
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Romain Schellenberger
- RIBP-EA 4707, SFR Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- RIBP-EA 4707, SFR Condorcet-FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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5
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Nallasivam JL, Fernandes RA. A protecting-group-free synthesis of (+)-nephrosteranic, (+)-protolichesterinic, (+)-nephrosterinic, (+)-phaseolinic, (+)-rocellaric acids and (+)-methylenolactocin. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:708-716. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02398c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A collective synthesis of a γ-butyrolactone class of paraconic acids such as (+)-methylenolactocin, (+)-phaseolinic acid, (+)-nephrosteranic acid, (+)-nephrosterinic acid, (+)-rocellaric acid and (+)-protolichesterinic acid is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi L. Nallasivam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
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7
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Kondoh A, Arlt A, Gabor B, Fürstner A. Total synthesis of nominal gobienine A. Chemistry 2013; 19:7731-8. [PMID: 23589394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lichen-derived glycoconjugate gobienine A is structurally more complex than most glycolipids isolated from higher plants by virtue of the all-cis substituted γ-lactone substructure embedded into its macrocyclic frame. A concise entry into this very epimerization-prone and hence challenging structural motif is presented, which relies on an enantioselective cyanohydrin formation, an intramolecular Blaise reaction, a palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation, and a diastereoselective hydrogenation of the tetrasubstituted alkene in the resulting butenolide. This strategy, in combination with ring-closing olefin metathesis for the formation of the macrocyclic perimeter, allowed the proposed structure of gobienine A (1) to be formed in high overall yield. The recorded spectral data show that the structure originally attributed to gobienine A is incorrect and that it is not the epimerization-prone ester site on the butanolide ring that is the locus of misassignment; rather, the discrepancy must be more profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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9
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Hodgson DM, Talbot EPA, Clark BP. Stereoselective synthesis of β-(hydroxymethylaryl/alkyl)-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones. Org Lett 2011; 13:2594-7. [PMID: 21488628 DOI: 10.1021/ol200711f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc or a chromium(II) source with 3-(bromomethyl)furan-2(5H)-one (3) and an aldehyde gives β-(hydroxymethylaryl/alkyl)-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones 5 in good yields and high diastereoselectivities. The methodology is demonstrated in concise syntheses of (±)-hydroxymatairesinol (8) and (±)-methylenolactocin (10) by subsequent arylboronate conjugate addition and translactonization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
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