Synthesis of Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines in Functionalized Ammonium Ionic Liquids

Improved syntheses of high hole mobility phthalocyanines: A case of steric assistance in the cyclo-oligomerisation of phthalonitriles

It has been shown that the base-initiated cyclo-oligomerisation of phthalonitriles is favoured by bulky α-substituents making it possible to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine directly and in high yield. The phthalocyanine with eight α-isoheptyl substituents gives a high time-of-flight hole mobility of 0.14 cm²·V⁻¹·s⁻¹ within the temperature range of the columnar hexagonal phase, that is 169–189 °C.

An efficient two-step synthesis of metal-free phthalocyanines using a Zn(ii) template

A new family of cationic phthalocyanines containing four guanidinium groups was synthesized in pyridine-HCl at 120 degrees C; under these conditions zinc was removed from both the starting materials and products to reveal a new synthetic route to metal-free phthalocyanines.