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Amin MF, Gnida P, Kotowicz S, Małecki JG, Siwy M, Nitschke P, Schab-Balcerzak E. Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Investigations of Azomethines with Triphenylamine Core towards Optoelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7197. [PMID: 36295266 PMCID: PMC9612165 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three new azomethines based on triphenylamine with two or three substituents were obtained. Chemical structure and purity were confirmed by 1H NMR, FTIR elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The investigations were focused on the relationship between chemical structure and properties important for optoelectronic materials. Thus, the studies of thermal, optical and electrochemical properties were carried out based on differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, electronic absorption, photoluminescence and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The ongoing consideration of experimental results was complemented by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory method. The donor activity of obtained compounds was tested in bulk-heterojuntion photovoltaic cells with structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/imine:PCBM/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/imine:P3HT:PCBM/Al). The effect of the presence of the amino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester groups and various number of hexyloxyphenyl units on imines properties was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Amin
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paweł Nitschke
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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2
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Pająk AK, Kotowicz S, Gnida P, Małecki JG, Ciemięga A, Łuczak A, Jung J, Schab-Balcerzak E. Synthesis and Characterization of New Conjugated Azomethines End-Capped with Amino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic Acid Diethyl Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158160. [PMID: 35897736 PMCID: PMC9330727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of thiophene-based azomethines differing in the core structure was synthesized. The effect of the central core structure in azomethines on the thermal, optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The obtained compounds exhibited the ability to form a stable amorphous phase with a high glass transition temperature above 100 °C. They were electrochemically active and undergo oxidation and reduction processes. The highest occupied (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular (LUMO) orbitals were in the range of −3.86–−3.60 eV and −5.46–−5.17 eV, respectively, resulting in a very low energy band gap below 1.7 eV. Optical investigations were performed in the solvents with various polarity and in the solid state as a thin film deposited on a glass substrate. The synthesized imines absorbed radiation from 350 to 600 nm, depending on its structure and showed weak emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield below 2.5%. The photophysical investigations were supported by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory. The synthesized imines doped with lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were examined as hole transporting materials (HTM) in hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells. It was found that both a volume of lithium salt and core imine structure significantly impact device performance. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE), being about 35–63% higher compared to other devices, exhibited cells based on the imine containing a core tiphenylamine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Ciemięga
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Bałtycka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Adam Łuczak
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Jarosław Jung
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.Ł.); (J.J.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (E.S.-B.)
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Bozorov K, Zhao JY, Nie LF, Ma HR, Bobakulov K, Hu R, Rustamova N, Huang G, Efferth T, Aisa HA. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of novel diaminothiophene scaffolds as antitumor and anti-influenza virus agents. Part 2. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of diethyl 2,5-diaminothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylate (DDTD) derivatives as antitumor and anti-influenza virus agents.
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4
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Tremblay MH, Gellé A, Skene WG. Ambipolar azomethines as potential cathodic color switching materials. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation and reduction reversibility along with the electrochemically mediated color change of triad azomethines were contingent on the central aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués
- Département de Chimie
- Pavillon JA Bombardier
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
| | - Alexandra Gellé
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués
- Département de Chimie
- Pavillon JA Bombardier
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués
- Département de Chimie
- Pavillon JA Bombardier
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
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Bozorov K, Ma HR, Zhao JY, Zhao HQ, Chen H, Bobakulov K, Xin XL, Elmuradov B, Shakhidoyatov K, Aisa HA. Discovery of diethyl 2,5-diaminothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylate derivatives as potent anticancer and antimicrobial agents and screening of anti-diabetic activity: Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. Part 1. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:739-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Furuyama T, Noguchi D, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi N. Synthesis and characterization of aza-bridged thiophene–pyrrole dyads and their isomers. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aza-bridged thiophene-pyrrole dyads were synthesized and characterized. Thiophenes substituted with electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) were used as building blocks for the framework. However, an unprecedented cyclization occurred, and a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative (4) was obtained in the reaction between 2,5-diamino-3,4-dicyanothiophene (1) and 3,5-diiminoisoindoline (3), whereas the reaction between 2,5-diamino-3,4-dicarboxylic acid ethyl ester (2) and 3 produced the desired dyad (5). The structures of 4 and 5 were unambiguously characterized by X-ray diffraction. Compound 5 is the first example of a core-modified azadipyrromethene, and the electronic interaction between the thiophene and pyrrole moieties was estimated with several spectroscopies. Several kinds of aryl groups can be attached at the terminal amino moiety of 4, and their unique absorption properties were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daiki Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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7
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Mulholland ME, Navarathne D, Khedri S, Skene WG. Towards multichromatic electrochromes from ambipolar conjugated azomethines. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Navarathne D, Skene WG. Towards electrochromic devices having visible color switching using electronic push-push and push-pull cinnamaldehyde derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12646-12653. [PMID: 24256440 DOI: 10.1021/am4040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of symmetric and unsymmetric conjugated azomethines derived from cinnamaldehyde and 2,5-diaminothiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester were prepared. The optical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the electronic push-pull and push-push triads were investigated. Their properties could be tuned contingent on the cinnamaldehyde's electron withdrawing and donating substituents. The push-push symmetric derivative exhibited positive solvatochromism with the absorbance spanning some 31 nm, depending on the solvent polarity. Solvent dependent spectroelectrochemistry was also found for the symmetric push-push azomethine. The color of the neutral state and radical cation spanned 215 nm. The most pronounced color transition of the purple colored material was found in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), where the color bleached with electrochemical oxidation. This was a result of the absorbance shifting into the near infrared (NIR) and not from decomposition of the azomethine. Electrochromic devices with the azomethines possessing desired reversible oxidation and color changes in the visible were fabricated and tested to demonstrate the applicability of these azomethine triads in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daminda Navarathne
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Department of Chemistry, Pavillon JA Bombardier, Université de Montréal , CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J6, Canada
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9
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Survey of recent advances of in the field of π-conjugated heterocyclic azomethines as materials with tuneable properties. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Barik S, Bletzacker T, Skene WG. π-Conjugated Fluorescent Azomethine Copolymers: Opto-Electronic, Halochromic, and Doping Properties. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2024304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyananda Barik
- Laboratoire
de caractérisation photophysique
des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie,
Pavillon JA Bombardier, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C
3J7, Canada
| | - Thomas Bletzacker
- Laboratoire
de caractérisation photophysique
des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie,
Pavillon JA Bombardier, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C
3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire
de caractérisation photophysique
des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie,
Pavillon JA Bombardier, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C
3J7, Canada
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11
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Bolduc A, Dufresne S, Skene WG. Chemical doping of EDOT azomethine derivatives: insight into the oxidative and hydrolytic stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Tshibaka T, Bishop S, Roche IU, Dufresne S, Lubell WD, Skene WG. Conjugated 4-methoxybipyrrole thiophene azomethines: synthesis, opto-electronic properties, and crystallographic characterization. Chemistry 2011; 17:10879-88. [PMID: 21882273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the search of functional materials with improved electrochromic properties, thiophenes and asymmetric bipyrroles have been conjugated with azomethine units. 4-Methoxy-2,2'-bipyrroles 3-6 were first synthesized by a general route from 4-hydroxyproline and converted subsequently to dialdehydes 8-15, which underwent condensations with different aminothiophenes to provide azomethine conjugates 14-18 and 20-22. The crystallization and X-ray analysis of 20 showed the heterocycles and azomethine bonds were all co-planar with the heterocycles adopting an anti-parallel arrangement. These configurations result in extended conjugation and enhanced opto-electronic properties of the azomethines. Oxidation potential (E(pa)) was tailored by modification of the substitution pattern of the terminal thiophenes and central pyrroles of the azomethines. The combined low E(pa) and extended azomethine degree of conjugation resulted in stark color transitions occurring between their neutral and oxidized states. Reversible color formation was induced both electrochemically and by doping/de-doping with trifluoroacetic acid/triethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshitundu Tshibaka
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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13
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Bolduc A, Lachapelle V, Skene W. Snap Together
Bonds for Amine Capturing - New Spectroscopic and Amperometric Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Dufresne S, Bolduc A, Skene WG. Towards materials with reversible oxidation and tuneable colours using heterocyclic conjugated azomethines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Bolduc A, Dufresne S, Skene WG. EDOT-containing azomethine: an easily prepared electrochromically active material with tuneable colours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b923821b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Janosik T, Bergman J. Chapter 5.1: Five-membered ring systems: thiophenes and Se/Te analogs. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE 2007 LITERATURE PRECEDED BY TWO CHAPTERS ON CURRENT HETEROCYCLIC TOPICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Dufresne S, Skene WG. Unsymmetric Pyrrole, Thiophene, and Furan-Conjugated Comonomers Prepared Using Azomethine Connections: Potential New Monomers for Alternating Homocoupled Products. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3859-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dufresne
- Département de Chimie, Pavillon J. A. Bombardier, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - W. G. Skene
- Département de Chimie, Pavillon J. A. Bombardier, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Bourgeaux M, Skene WG. Photophysics and Electrochemistry of Conjugated Oligothiophenes Prepared by Using Azomethine Connections. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8882-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bourgeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Pavillon J.A. Bombardier, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Pavillon J.A. Bombardier, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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