Alkylation of Ethanolamines: An Approach to a Novel Class of Functional Surfactants

Thermodynamics of the micellization of quaternary based cationic surfactants in triethanolamine-water media: a conductometry study

The effect of triethanolamine, a solvent with wide technical and industrial benefit on the micellization of an aqueous mixture of cationic surfactants, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DETAB) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HATAB) was studied to examining the stability of the mixed micelles at 298.1, 303.1, 308.1 and 313.1 K using the electrical conductance method. The values of the critical micelle concentration (C*) were found to decrease with an increase in the concentration of triethanolamine (TEA). The values of the free energy of micellization (ΔGm) were negative at a particular temperature, and the extent of spontaneity was discovered to increase when the concentration of TEA was increased. However, an increase in temperature was observed to have a negative linear relationship with the spontaneity of the process. The formation of the mixed micelles was an exothermic process, and it was also TEA and temperature-dependent with a trend similar to those observed in the free energy of micellization (ΔGm). The degree of disorderliness of the system was also found to be entropy driven at a higher concentration of TEA. The synergistic interaction between the molecules of DETAB–HATAB in the presence of TEA (0.4% v/v) and the spontaneity of the system was at the maximum at 0.1:0.9 mol fraction ratio and the energetics of the system was discussed based on hydrophobic–solvophobic interaction of the monomers in TEA at elevated temperatures.

Properties of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide gemini surfactant synthesized from the seed oil of Luffa cylindrical

The production of surfactant from biological and renewable sources is important as this reduces environmental hazards since the products are highly biodegradable. Oil extracted from the seed of Luffa cylindrica using hexane in a soxhlet extractor was used in the synthesis of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide via a simple reaction mechanism. The progress of the reaction was monitored and confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The process used gave a yield of 88.46% of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide. The properties of this compound were compared with those of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) used as a known reference surfactant. Important properties of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide such as foam stability, wetting power and surface tension turned out superior to those of the known reference surfactant (SDS).