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Sarkar D, Amin A, Qadir T, Sharma PK. Synthesis of Medicinally Important Indole Derivatives: A Review. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874104502015010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoles constitute a widely occurring functional group in nature and are present in an extensive number of bioactive natural products and medicinally important compounds. As a result, exponential increases in the development of novel methods for the formation of indole core along with site-specific indoles have been established. Conventional methods for the synthesis of indoles are getting replaced with green methods involving ionic liquids, water as a solvent, solid acid catalyst, microwave irradiation and the use of nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions. In addition, there are immense applications of the substituted indoles in diverse fields.
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Suryakoppa KS, Kameshwar VH, Appadurai R, Eranna S, Khan MHM. Enantiomeric Separation of Indole-3-Propanamide Derivatives by Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography on a Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phase. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:692-704. [PMID: 34510190 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen pairs of I3P enantiomers were screened using nine polysaccharide chiral stationary phases and three different mobile phases. The purification strategy for 13 pairs of I3P enantiomers were designed and optimized considering enantiomeric purity and enrichment of isomers. Out of 13 I3P derivatives which were screened using supercritical fluid chromatography, 10 derivatives displayed excellent baseline separation using a Lux Cellulose-4 column and their resolution from higher to lower order of I3P-11, 13, 4, 12, 2, 1, 9, 3, 7 and 8 derivatives whereas in case of Lux Cellulose-2 column, the moderate separation was achieved as compared to Cellulose-4 in the order I3P-5, 6 and 10 derivatives. Excellent enantiomeric separations and retentions for all 13 I3P enantiomer derivatives were obtained in Cellulose-4 and Cellulose-2 columns in presences of methanol as organic modifier without any additives except in the case of I3P 12 enantiomer. The absolute stereochemical assignment of the purified isomers was determined through an optical rotation study. Among the series of I3P derivatives, I3P-5 showed potent antioxidant activity against catalase with an IC50 value of 13.78 μM. Further molecular docking, MM/GBSA and molecular dynamics studies revealed that the I3P-5 derivatives effectively bind to catalase with a docking score of -5.41 kcal/mol. Which validated chiral docking and indicated great potential for enantiomeric separation in drug discovery and present studies (R)-enantiomer preferentially depicts good binding capacity with catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveesha Srinivasa Suryakoppa
- Discovery Chemistry-Analytical Research and Development, Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560 099, Karnataka, India.,Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Shimoga 577204, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- School of Natural Science, Adichunchanagiri University-Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G Nagara, 571448 Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Appadurai
- Discovery Chemistry-Analytical Research and Development, Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560 099, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddalingamurthy Eranna
- Research and Development, Synus lab LLP, R23, Bommasandra industrial area, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - M H Moinuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru National College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Shimoga 577204, Karnataka, India
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Vajekar SN, Shankarling GS. Highly efficient green synthesis of the photochromic spironaphthoxazines using an eco-friendly choline hydroxide catalyst. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1694690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh N. Vajekar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganapati S. Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Moradi R, Ahmadi T, Lashgari N. Recent advances in the application of indoles in multicomponent reactions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12069-12103. [PMID: 35539427 PMCID: PMC9079367 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoles are some of the most versatile and common nitrogen-based heterocyclic scaffolds and are frequently used in the synthesis of various organic compounds. Indole based compounds are very important among heterocyclic structures due to their biological and pharmaceutical activities. The last decade, in particular, has witnessed considerable activity towards the synthesis of indole derivatives due to the possibilities for the design of polycyclic structures by the incorporation of multiple fused heterocyclic scaffolds in an attempt to achieve promising new heterocycles with chemical and biomedical relevance. In this study, we provide an overview on recent applications of indole in the multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds during the period of 2012 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88041344
| | - Tahereh Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88041344
| | - Negar Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88041344
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Gadilohar BL, Shankarling GS. Choline based ionic liquids and their applications in organic transformation. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liu P, Hao JW, Mo LP, Zhang ZH. Recent advances in the application of deep eutectic solvents as sustainable media as well as catalysts in organic reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances using deep eutectic solvents (DESs), deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs), low-melting mixtures (LMMs) or low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs) as green media as well as catalysts in organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wu Hao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Mo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Hebei Normal University
- Shijiazhuang 050024
- P. R. China
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