Novel Metal Oxide of CuO-ZnO Nanocatalyst Efficiently Catalyzed the Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-chromenes in Water

Design, synthesis and bioactivity study on oxygen-heterocyclic-based pyran analogues as effective P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in MCF-7/ADR cell

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) imparts multi-drug resistance (MDR) on the cancers cell and malignant tumor clinical therapeutics. We report a class of newly designed and synthesized oxygen-heterocyclic-based pyran analogues (4a-l) bearing different aryl/hetaryl-substituted at the 1-postion were synthesized, aiming to impede the P-gp function. These compounds (4a-l) have been tested against cancerous PC-3, SKOV-3, HeLa, and MCF-7/ADR cell lines as well as non-cancerous HFL-1 and WI-38 cell lines to determine their anti-proliferative potency.The findings demonstrated the superior potency of 4a-c with 4-F, 2-Cl, and 3-Cl derivatives and 4h,g with 4-NO2, 4-MeO derivatives against PC-3, SKOV-3, HeLa, and MCF-7/ADR cell lines.Compounds 4a-c were tested for P-gp inhibition and demonstrated significant vigour against MCF-7/ADR cells with IC50 = 5.0-10.7 μM. The Rho123 accumulation assay showed that compounds 4a-c adequately inhibited P-gp function, as predicted. Furthermore, 4a or 4b administration resulted in MCF-7/ADR cell accumulation in the S phase, while compound 4c induced apoptosis by causing cell cycle arrest at G2/M. The molecular docking was applied to understand the likely modes of action and guide us in the rational design of more potent analogs. The investigate derivatives showed their good binding potential for p-gp active site with excellent docking scores and interactions. Finally, the majority of investigated derivatives 4a-c derivatives showed high oral bioavailability, but they did not cross the blood-brain barrier. These results suggest that they have favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, these compounds could serve as leads for designing more potent and stable drugs in the future.

Recent development in the synthesis of heterocycles by 2-naphthol-based multicomponent reactions

2-Naphthol or β-naphthol is an important starting material that has drawn great attention in various organic transformations because of its attributes, such as low cost, easy to handle and eco-friendliness. The electron-rich aromatic framework of 2-naphthol with multiple reactive sites allows it to be utilized in several kinds of organic reactions eventuated to several organic molecules with potent biological properties. Multicomponent reaction approach has been tremendously utilized to explore the synthetic utility of 2-naphthol for the construction of diverse N/O-containing heterocyclic framework. In this review, we summarize recent data pertaining to multicomponent reactions, wherein heterocyclic compounds are synthesized utilizing 2-naphthol as one of the starting materials. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate the researchers to design new multicomponent strategies complying with the Green Chemistry principles for the further exploitation of 2-naphthol for the rapid synthesis of versatile biologically relevant heterocycles. This review provides a concise overview of the different 2-naphthol based multicomponent reactions utilized for the construction of diverse bioactive heterocyclic scaffold.

Catalytic Organic Reactions in Water toward Sustainable Society

Traditional organic synthesis relies heavily on organic solvents for a multitude of tasks, including dissolving the components and facilitating chemical reactions, because many reagents and reactive species are incompatible or immiscible with water. Given that they are used in vast quantities as compared to reactants, solvents have been the focus of environmental concerns. Along with reducing the environmental impact of organic synthesis, the use of water as a reaction medium also benefits chemical processes by simplifying operations, allowing mild reaction conditions, and sometimes delivering unforeseen reactivities and selectivities. After the "watershed" in organic synthesis revealed the importance of water, the development of water-compatible catalysts has flourished, triggering a quantum leap in water-centered organic synthesis. Given that organic compounds are typically practically insoluble in water, simple extractive workup can readily separate a water-soluble homogeneous catalyst as an aqueous solution from a product that is soluble in organic solvents. In contrast, the use of heterogeneous catalysts facilitates catalyst recycling by allowing simple centrifugation and filtration methods to be used. This Review addresses advances over the past decade in catalytic reactions using water as a reaction medium.