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Hashem H, Hassan A, Abdelmagid WM, Habib AGK, Abdel-Aal MAA, Elshamsy AM, El Zawily A, Radwan IT, Bräse S, Abdel-Samea AS, Rabea SM. Synthesis of New Thiazole-Privileged Chalcones as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors with Potential Anticancer Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1154. [PMID: 39338317 PMCID: PMC11435058 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel thiazole-based chalcones were evaluated for their anticancer activity as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. In vitro anticancer screening for the thiazole derivatives 2a-2p exhibited broad-spectrum antitumor activity against various cancer cell lines particularly Ovar-3 and MDA-MB-468 cells with a GI50 range from 1.55 to 2.95 μΜ, respectively. Compound 2e demonstrated significant inhibition of tubulin polymerization, with an IC50 value of 7.78 μM compared to Combretastatin-A4 (CA-4), with an IC50 value of 4.93 μM. Molecular docking studies of compounds 2e, 2g, and 2h into tubulin further supported these findings, revealing that they bind effectively to the colchicine binding site, mirroring key interactions exhibited by CA-4. Computational predictions suggested favorable oral bioavailability and drug-likeness for these compounds, highlighting their potential for further development as chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Hashem
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 52242, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Clinical Pharmacy Program, South Valley National University, Qena 52242, Egypt
| | - Walid M Abdelmagid
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery Research Centre, Swenam College, 210-6125 Sussex Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5H 4G1, Canada
| | - Ahmed G K Habib
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Abdel-Aal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali M Elshamsy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61768, Egypt
| | - Amr El Zawily
- Department of Plant and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translation Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ibrahim Taha Radwan
- Supplementary General Sciences Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Samea
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61768, Egypt
| | - Safwat M Rabea
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Apogee Pharmaceuticals Inc., 4475 Wayburne Dr., Suite 105, Burnaby, BC V6V2H8, Canada
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Kandhasamy K, Surajambika RR, Velayudham PK. Pyrazolo - Pyrimidines as Targeted Anticancer Scaffolds - A Comprehensive Review. Med Chem 2024; 20:293-310. [PMID: 37885114 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064251256231018104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death, which causes 10 million deaths yearly. Clinically, several drugs are used in treatment but due to drug resistance and multidrug resistance, there occurs a failure in the cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES The present review article is a comprehensive review of pyrazole and pyrimidine hybrids as potential anticancer agents. METHODS The review comprises more than 60 research works done in this field. The efficiency of the reported pyrazolopyrimidine fused heterocyclic with their biological data and the influence of the structural aspects of the molecule have been discussed. RESULTS This review highlighted pyrazolo-pyrimidines as targeted anticancer agents with effect on multiple targets. CONCLUSION The review will be helpful for the researchers involved in targeted drugs for cancer therapy for designing new scaffolds with pyrazolo-pyrimidine moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavamoorthy Kandhasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai- 600 097, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Velayudham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai- 600 097, India
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Farghaly TA, Alfaifi GH, Gomha SM. Recent Literature on the Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives and their Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:196-251. [PMID: 37496137 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230726142459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The thiazole ring is naturally occurring and is primarily found in marine and microbial sources. It has been identified in various compounds such as peptides, vitamins (thiamine), alkaloids, epothilone, and chlorophyll. Thiazole-containing compounds are widely recognized for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anticancer, and cardiovascular activities. The objective of this review is to present recent advancements in the discovery of biologically active thiazole derivatives, including their synthetic methods and biological effects. This review comprehensively discusses the synthesis methods of thiazole and its corresponding biological activities within a specific timeframe, from 2017 until the conclusion of 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah, 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa H Alfaifi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah, 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt
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Khan Y, Khan S, Hussain R, Maalik A, Rehman W, Attwa MW, Masood R, Darwish HW, Ghabbour HA. The Synthesis, In Vitro Bio-Evaluation, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazoline-Thiazole Hybrid Analogues as Promising Anti-α-Glucosidase and Anti-Urease Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1650. [PMID: 38139777 PMCID: PMC10747725 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a concise library of benzothiazole-derived pyrazoline-based thiazole (1-17) was designed and synthesized by employing a multistep reaction strategy. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their α-glucosidase and urease inhibitory activities. The scaffolds (1-17) were characterized using a combination of several spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS. The majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated a notable potency against α-glucosidase and urease enzymes. These analogues disclosed varying degrees of α-glucosidase and urease inhibitory activities, with their IC50 values ranging from 2.50 to 17.50 μM (α-glucosidase) and 14.30 to 41.50 (urease). Compounds 6, 7, 14, and 12, with IC50 values of 2.50, 3.20, 3.40, and 3.50 μM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 5.30 µM), while the same compounds showed 14.30, 19.20, 21.80, and 22.30 comparable with thiourea (IC50 = 31.40 μM), respectively, showed excellent inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the size and electron-donating or electron-withdrawing effects of substituents influenced the enzymatic activities such as α-glucosidase and urease. Compound 6 was a dual potent inhibitor against α-glucosidase and urease due to the presence of -CF3 electron-withdrawing functionality on the phenyl ring. To the best of our knowledge, these synthetic compounds were found to be the most potent dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and urease with minimum IC50 values. Moreover, in silico studies on most active compounds, i.e., 6, 7, 14, and 12, were also performed to understand the binding interaction of most active compounds with active sites of α-glucosidase and urease enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan;
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.)
| | - Rafia Masood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.)
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
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Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of Thiazolyl-Pyrazoline Schiff Base Hybrids: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3717826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazole-pyrazoline Schiff base hybrids have a broad range of pharmacological potential with an ability to control the activity of numerous metabolic enzymes. In this work, a greener and more efficient approach has been developed to synthesize a novel series of thiazole-pyrazoline Schiff base hybrids using ZnO nanoparticle-assisted protocol in good to excellent yields (78.3–96.9%) and examined their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as their antioxidant activity. Compound 24 (IZD = 18.67 ± 0.58) displayed better activity against P. aeruginosa compared with amoxicillin (IZD = 14.33 ± 2.52) at 250 μg/mL, whereas compounds 22 and 24 (IZD = 13.33 ± 0.58 mm and 17.00 ± 1.00 mm, respectively) showed better activity against E. coli compared with amoxicillin (IZD = 14.67 ± 0.58 mm) at 500 μg/mL. The remaining compounds showed moderate to weak activity against the tested bacterial strains. Compound 21 displayed significant inhibition of DPPH (IC50 = 4.63 μg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 3.21 μg/mL). Compound 21 displayed 80.01 ± 0.07% inhibition of peroxide formation, suggesting its potential in preventing the formation of lipid peroxides. The results of the ADMET study showed that all synthesized compounds obeyed Lipinski's rule of five. In silico pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that compound 24 had superior intestinal absorption compared with amoxicillin. In silico molecular docking analysis revealed a binding affinity of −9.9 Kcal/mol for compound 24 against PqsA compared with amoxicillin (−7.3 Kcal/mol), whereas compounds 22 and 24 displayed higher binding affinity (−8.5 and −7.9 Kcal/mol, respectively) with DNA gyrase B compared with amoxicillin (-7.1 Kcal/mol), in good agreement with in vitro antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. In silico toxicity study showed that all synthesized compounds had LD50 (mg/kg) values ranging from 800 to 1,000 putting them in ProTox-II class 4. The in vitro antibacterial activity and molecular docking analysis showed that compound 24 is a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against P. aeruginosa and E. coli and compound 22 is a promising antibacterial agent against E. coli, whereas compound 21 is found to be a potential natural antioxidant agent. Moreover, the green synthesis approach using ZnO nanoparticle as catalyst was found to be a very efficient method to synthesize biologically active thiazole-pyrazoline Schiff base hybrids compared with the conventional method.
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Liu C, Fei Q, Pan N, Wu W. Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Novel 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3- c]trifluoromethylpyrimidine Derivatives Bearing the Thioether Moiety. Front Chem 2022; 10:939644. [PMID: 35928214 PMCID: PMC9344801 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.939644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop disease caused by fungi seriously affected food security and economic development. Inspired by the utilization of fungicide containing 1,2,4-triazole and trifluoromethylpyrimidine, a novel series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]trifluoromethylpyrimidine derivatives bearing the thioether moiety were synthesized. Meanwhile, the antifungal activities of the title compounds were evaluated and most compounds exhibited obvious antifungal activities against cucumber Botrytis cinerea, strawberry Botrytis cinerea, tobacco Botrytis cinerea, blueberry Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, and Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Among the compounds, 4, 5h, 5o, and 5r showed significant antifungal activities against three of the four Botrytis cinerea, which indicated the potential to become the leading structures or candidates for resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
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