Forensic discrimination of inkjet-printed lines by Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of biological evidence

During the past few decades, Raman spectroscopy has progressed and captivated added attention in the field of science. However, the application of Raman spectroscopy is not limited to the field of forensic science and analytical chemistry; it is one of the emerging spectroscopic techniques, utilized in the field of forensic science which in turn could be a supporting tool in the law and justice system. The advantage of Raman spectroscopy over the other conventional techniques is that it is rapid, reliable, and non-destructive in nature with minimal or no sample preparation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of evidence from biological and non-biological origins could easily be performed by using Raman spectroscopy. The forensic domain is highly complex with multidisciplinary branches, and therefore a plethora of techniques are utilized for the detection, identification, and differentiation of innumerable pieces of evidence for the purpose of law and justice. Herein, a systematic review is carried out on the application of Raman spectroscopy in the realm of forensic biology and serology considering its usefulness in practical perspectives. This review paper highlights the significance of modern techniques, including micro-Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in the field of Raman spectroscopy. These techniques have demonstrated notable advancements in terms of their applications and capabilities. Furthermore, to comprehensively capture the progress in the development of Raman spectroscopy, all the published papers which could be retrieved from the available databases from the year 2007 to 2022 were incorporated.

Analysis of volatile components in inkjet printouts by GC-MS: A classification method

Considering the high use of inkjet printing in forgery cases, the classification of inkjet printing is particularly important in questioned document examination. In this work, a universal GC-MS method has been developed to analyze various ink components extracted from inkjet printouts. The results indicated that several components detected and identified across 195 inks could be used to distinguish printer manufacturers. A trend of decreasing solvent concentration over time was observed through the continuous monitoring of 7 samples. The results shown that this method is useful for forensic classification purposes, and can be useful regardless effects of storage environment, paper or printer. Furthermore, the application of this method in the analysis of counterfeit banknotes illustrated its feasibility and applicability.

Flexible and adhesive tape decorated with silver nanorods for in-situ analysis of pesticides residues and colorants

A flexible adhesive tape decorated with SERS-active silver nanorods (AgNRs) in the form of an array nanostructure is described. The tape was constructed by transferring the AgNRs nanostructures from silicon to the transparent tape by a "paste & peel off" procedure. The transparent, sticky, and flexible properties of commercial tapes allow almost any SERS-inactive irregular surface to be detected in-situ by pasting the SERS tape onto the position to be analyzed. Three examples for an analytical application are presented, viz. determination of (a) tetramethylthiuram disulfide and thiabendazole (two pesticides), (b) colorants in the gel of a writing pen, and (c) the fluorophore Rhodamine B. The tetramethylthiuram disulfide on apple surface was rapidly detected with a LOD of 28.8 ng·cm^-2. The AgNRs effectively quenched the fluorescence of the matrix and fluorophores, this enabling the colorants and Rhodamine B to be identified. The results demonstrated that the SERS tape can be used for versatile in-situ detection. Conceivably, it may find applications in food analysis, non-invasive identification, environmental monitoring, and in other areas of daily life. Graphic abstract A flexible and adhesive SERS active tape decorated with silver nanorods (AgNRs) arrays was constructed through a "paste & peel off" method. It can be used as a versatile in situ analysis platform for various applications.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: A review of recent applications in forensic science

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy has many advantages over its parent technique of Raman spectroscopy. Some of these advantages such as increased sensitivity and selectivity and therefore the possibility of small sample sizes and detection of small concentrations are invaluable in the field of forensics. A variety of new SERS surfaces and novel approaches are presented here on a wide range of forensically relevant topics.