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Dou XX, Cai YL, Xu XK, Zhang YH, Guo X, Gao ZQ, Lin S, Liang YL, Ye J, Zhang WD. In vivo and in vitro metabolism study of traditional Chinese medicine formula Dingkun Dan in rats by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5235. [PMID: 34553391 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dingkun Dan (DKD), a reputable traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used to treat gynecological diseases and showed significant clinical effects since ancient times. However, the application and development of DKD are seriously hampered by the unclear active substances. Structural characterization of compounds absorbed in vivo and their corresponding metabolites is significant for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis. In this study, an integrated strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and UNIFI™ software, was used to identify prototypes and metabolites after oral administration of DKD in rats. As a result, a total of 261 compounds, including 140 prototypes and 121 metabolites, were tentatively characterized in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The metabolic pathways of prototypes have been studied to clarify their possible transformation process in vivo. Moreover, an in vitro metabolism study was applied for verifying the metabolites under simulating the metabolic environment in vivo. This first systematic metabolic study of DKD is important for elucidating the metabolites and metabolic pathways and could provide a scientific basis for explaining the integrative mechanism in further pharmacology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Dou
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Li Cai
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ke Xu
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Qing Gao
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lin
- State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Lin Liang
- Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
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Liu LX, Cao L, Shi DF, Wang ZZ, Xiao W, Yao XS, Li HB, Yu Y. Metabolic profiles of Jin-hong tablets in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5072. [PMID: 33453065 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Jin-hong tablets (JHTs), a well-known traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPM), have been effectively used for the treatment of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). The metabolic profile of TCPMs is performed to determine their bioactive components. In this study, a five-step strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and metabolynx™ software combined with mass defect filter technique was developed to delineate the metabolic profile of JHT in vivo. As a result, a total of 163 JHT-related xenobiotics (38 prototypes and 125 metabolites) were identified or tentatively characterized in rat biological samples, and the phase I and II metabolism processes mainly included demethylation, hydroxylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. In addition, after oral administration of JHT, a large amount of alkaloid-related ingredients was detected in rat plasma samples, indicating that alkaloids may play an important role in the treatment of CSG with JHT. This study is beneficial for understanding the JHT's in vivo metabolic profiles and characteristics, which helps to reveal its in vivo effective components and provides a solid basis for further studies on its functional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xian Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan-Feng Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu C, Wang F, Liu X, Miao J, Tang S, Jiang Q, Tang X, Gao X. Corydalis Rhizoma as a model for herb-derived trace metabolites exploration: A cross-mapping strategy involving multiple doses and samples. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:308-319. [PMID: 34277119 PMCID: PMC8264384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the metabolites of multiple components in herbal medicine has far-reaching significance for revealing pharmacodynamic ingredients. However, most chemical components of herbal medicine are secondary metabolites with low content whose in vivo metabolites are close to trace amounts, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive detection and identification. In this paper, an efficient strategy was proposed: herb-derived metabolites were predicted according to the structural characteristics and metabolic reactions of chemical constituents in Corydalis Rhizoma and chemical structure screening tables for metabolites were conducted. The fragmentation patterns were summarized from representative standards combining with specific cleavage behaviors to deduce structures of metabolites. Ion abundance plays an important role in compound identification, and high ion abundance can improve identification accuracy. The types of metabolites in different biological samples were very similar, but their ion abundance might be different. Therefore, for trace metabolites in biological samples, we used the following two methods to process: metabolites of high dose herbal extract were analyzed to characterize those of clinical dose herbal extracts in the same biological samples; cross-mapping of different biological samples was applied to identify trace metabolites based on the fact that a metabolite has different ion abundance in different biological samples. Compared with not using this strategy, 44 more metabolites of clinical dose herbal extract were detected. This study improved the depth, breadth, and accuracy of current methods for herb-derived metabolites characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Jiayan Miao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Siqi Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Qin Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Gastroenterology Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China
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