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Yusefi M, Chan HY, Teow SY, Kia P, Lee-Kiun Soon M, Sidik NABC, Shameli K. 5-Fluorouracil Encapsulated Chitosan-Cellulose Fiber Bionanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Analysis towards Colorectal Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1691. [PMID: 34203241 PMCID: PMC8305564 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose and chitosan with remarkable biocompatibility and sophisticated physiochemical characteristics can be a new dawn to the advanced drug nano-carriers in cancer treatment. This study aims to synthesize layer-by-layer bionanocomposites from chitosan and rice straw cellulose encapsulated 5-Fluorouracil (CS-CF/5FU BNCs) using the ionic gelation method and the sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linker. Data from X-ray and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed successful preparation of CS-CF/5FU BNCs. Based on images of scanning electron microscopy, 48.73 ± 1.52 nm was estimated for an average size of the bionanocomposites as spherical chitosan nanoparticles mostly coated rod-shaped cellulose reinforcement. 5-Fluorouracil indicated an increase in thermal stability after its encapsulation in the bionanocomposites. The drug encapsulation efficiency was found to be 86 ± 2.75%. CS-CF/5FU BNCs triggered higher drug release in a media simulating the colorectal fluid with pH 7.4 (76.82 ± 1.29%) than the gastric fluid with pH 1.2 (42.37 ± 0.43%). In in vitro cytotoxicity assays, cellulose fibers, chitosan nanoparticles and the bionanocomposites indicated biocompatibility towards CCD112 normal cells. Most promisingly, CS-CF/5FU BNCs at 250 µg/mL concentration eliminated 56.42 ± 0.41% of HCT116 cancer cells and only 8.16 ± 2.11% of CCD112 normal cells. Therefore, this study demonstrates that CS-CF/5FU BNCs can be considered as an eco-friendly and innovative nanodrug candidate for potential colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Hui-Yin Chan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.T.); (M.L.-K.S.)
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.T.); (M.L.-K.S.)
| | - Pooneh Kia
- Institute of Bio Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Michiele Lee-Kiun Soon
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.T.); (M.L.-K.S.)
| | - Nor Azwadi Bin Che Sidik
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
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Yusefi M, Shameli K, Jahangirian H, Teow SY, Umakoshi H, Saleh B, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Webster TJ. The Potential Anticancer Activity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded in Cellulose Fibers Isolated from Rice Straw. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5417-5432. [PMID: 32801697 PMCID: PMC7406330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Green-based materials have been increasingly studied to circumvent off-target cytotoxicity and other side-effects from conventional chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, cellulose fibers (CF) were isolated from rice straw (RS) waste by using an eco-friendly alkali treatment. The CF network served as an anticancer drug carrier for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The physicochemical and thermal properties of CF, pure 5-FU drug, and the 5-FU-loaded CF (CF/5-FU) samples were evaluated. The samples were assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity assays using human colorectal cancer (HCT116) and normal (CCD112) cell lines, along with human nasopharyngeal cancer (HONE-1) and normal (NP 460) cell lines after 72-hours of treatment. RESULTS XRD and FTIR revealed the successful alkali treatment of RS to isolate CF with high purity and crystallinity. Compared to RS, the alkali-treated CF showed an almost fourfold increase in surface area and zeta potential of up to -33.61 mV. SEM images illustrated the CF network with a rod-shaped structure and comprised of ordered aggregated cellulose. TGA results proved that the thermal stability of 5-FU increased within the drug carrier. Based on UV-spectroscopy measurements for 5-FU loading into CF, drug loading encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be 83 ±0.8%. The release media at pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 showed a maximum drug release of 79% and 46%, respectively, over 24 hours. In cytotoxicity assays, CF showed almost no damage, while pure 5-FU killed most of the both normal and cancer cells. Impressively, the drug-loaded sample of CF/5-FU at a 250 µg/mL concentration demonstrated a 58% inhibition against colorectal cancer cells, but only a 23% inhibition against normal colorectal cells. Further, a 62.50 µg/mL concentration of CF/5FU eliminated 71% and 39% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal nasopharyngeal cells, respectively. DISCUSSION This study, therefore, showed the strong potential anticancer activity of the novel CF/5-FU formulations, warranting their further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur54100, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur54100, Malaysia
| | - Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan47500, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka560-8531, Japan
| | - Bahram Saleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
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Hydrogel-Based Stimuli-Responsive Functionalized Graft Copolymers for the Controlled Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil, an Anticancer Drug. GELS HORIZONS: FROM SCIENCE TO SMART MATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6077-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Anirudhan TS, Anila MM, Franklin S. Synthesis characterization and biological evaluation of alginate nanoparticle for the targeted delivery of curcumin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1125-1134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Layer-by-layer assembly of hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylchitosan polyelectrolytes on the surface of aminated mesoporous silica for the oral delivery of 5-fluorouracil. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Anirudhan TS, Binusreejayan B, Christa J. Multi-polysaccharide based stimuli responsive polymeric network for the in vitro release of 5-fluorouracil and levamisole hydrochloride. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-polysaccharide-based core shell system is reported for the first time for the delivery of dual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binusreejayan Binusreejayan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - John Christa
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- University of Kerala
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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Anirudhan TS, Nair AS, Parvathy J. Extended wear therapeutic contact lens fabricated from timolol imprinted carboxymethyl chitosan-g-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate-g-poly acrylamide as a onetime medication for glaucoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:61-71. [PMID: 27664023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An extended wear therapeutic contact lens (TCL) for the sustained delivery of timolol maleate (TML) was fabricated based on molecular imprinting technique. The designed TCL comprised of a TML imprinted copolymer of carboxymethyl chitosan-g-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate-g-polyacrylamide (CmCS-g-HEMA-g-pAAm) embedded onto a poly HEMA matrix (pHEMA). Successful reloading of TML onto the lens was monitored using a simple and novel UV-Visible spectrophotometric method which showed an excellent reloading capacity of 6.53μgTML/TCL. The in vitro drug release profile in lacrimal fluid after each cycle was fitted onto Higuchi model of drug release suggesting diffusion release mechanism with no polymer degradation. Also, the TML release kinetics indicated a sustained drug delivery which can effectively achieve the therapeutic index of TML leading to a onetime medication for glaucoma. Biological activity of eluted drug after each cycle and cell viability of the TCL were verified using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,3-bis(2-methoxynitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Anirudhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695 581, India.
| | - Anoop S Nair
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695 581, India
| | - J Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695 581, India
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Anirudhan TS, Binusreejayan. Dextran based nanosized carrier for the controlled and targeted delivery of curcumin to liver cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:222-35. [PMID: 27012895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur), a poly phenolic yellow colored compound present in Indian spice turmeric, has a wide variety of biological properties. Bioavailability of Cur is limited by its low water solubility, rapid metabolism and low stability. In the present study, we mainly focus on synthesis and characterization of dextran based nano-sized drug carrier (GHDx) for the delivery of Cur. A liver targeting moiety is incorporated in GHDx so as to improve the therapeutic efficiency and decrease adverse effects of conventional cancer therapy. The effect of different parameters on grafting variables was studied. GHDx was characterised by FTIR, (1)H NMR XRD, TG/DTG, TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS and zeta potential analyses. Adsorption experiments were carried out for drug loading. Swelling of GHDx was studied as a function of pH and temperature. Three step release of Cur from GHDx was confirmed by analyzing in vitro release data in simulated intracellular pH using different kinetic models. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis on L929 and Hep G2 cells shows that GHDx is safe carrier while Cur loaded GHDx exhibits high toxicity with slow drug release towards hepatic cells. The results show that the GHDx can be customized as a stimuli sensitive potential carrier for the delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayyath Sreenivasan Anirudhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India.
| | - Binusreejayan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
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Functionalized polymeric silver nanoparticle hybrid network as a dual antimicrobe: Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial application. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nikjoo D, Aroguz AZ. Magnetic field responsive methylcellulose-polycaprolactone nanocomposite gels for targeted and controlled release of 5-fluorouracil. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1129954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of silane coated magnetic nanoparticles/glycidylmethacrylate-grafted-maleated cyclodextrin composite hydrogel as a drug carrier for the controlled delivery of 5-fluorouracil. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:471-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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The design of pH-sensitive chitosan-based formulations for gastrointestinal delivery. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1004-11. [PMID: 25769687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a nontoxic and biocompatible polysaccharide, has been widely explored for the gastrointestinal delivery of drugs, proteins, peptides and genes for different therapeutic purposes. Because a pH gradient exists in the gastrointestinal tract, chitosan-based formulations in response to specific pH conditions, such as the low pH in the stomach and a high pH in the intestine, have been developed as a general strategy for disease diagnosis and therapy. Tailored pH-responsive drug release in the gastrointestinal tract can be achieved with various chitosan-based formulations such as nanoparticles, microspheres, hydrogels and nanocomposites. This review focuses on the most recent development of chitosan-based pH-sensitive formulations for gastrointestinal delivery, covering various types of chitosan-based formulations, their pH-responsive mechanisms and biomedical applications.
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Mudassir J, Darwis Y, Khiang PK. Prerequisite Characteristics of Nanocarriers Favoring Oral Insulin Delivery: Nanogels as an Opportunity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.921919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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