Biocompatible Polymer Coated Paramagnetic Nanoparticles for Doxorubicin Delivery: Synthesis and Anticancer Effects Against Human Breast Cancer Cells

Biopolymer Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Biopolymer coatings exhibit outstanding potential in various biomedical applications, due to their flexible functionalization. In this review, we have discussed the latest developments in biopolymer coatings on various substrates and nanoparticles for improved tissue engineering and drug delivery applications, and summarized the latest research advancements. Polymer coatings are used to modify surface properties to satisfy certain requirements or include additional functionalities for different biomedical applications. Additionally, polymer coatings with different inorganic ions may facilitate different functionalities, such as cell proliferation, tissue growth, repair, and delivery of biomolecules, such as growth factors, active molecules, antimicrobial agents, and drugs. This review primarily focuses on specific polymers for coating applications and different polymer coatings for increased functionalization. We aim to provide broad overview of latest developments in the various kind of biopolymer coatings for biomedical applications, in order to highlight the most important results in the literatures, and to offer a potential outline for impending progress and perspective. Some key polymer coatings were discussed in detail. Further, the use of polymer coatings on nanomaterials for biomedical applications has also been discussed, and the latest research results have been reported.

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

Synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and their nanocomposites are being studied, and some of them are already used in different medical areas. Among the synthetic ones that can be mentioned are polyolefins, fluorinated polymers, polyesters, silicones, and others. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, alginates) and proteins (silk, fibroin) have also become widely used and investigated for applications in medicine. Besides synthetic polymers and biopolymers, their nanocomposites, which are hybrids formed by a macromolecular matrix and a nanofiller (mineral or organic), have attracted great attention in the last decades in medicine and in other fields due to their outstanding properties. This review covers studies done recently using the polymers, biopolymers, nanocomposites, polymer micelles, nanomicelles, polymer hydrogels, nanogels, polymersomes, and liposomes used in medicine as drugs or drug carriers for cancer therapy and underlines their responses to internal and external stimuli able to make them more active and efficient. They are able to replace conventional cancer drug carriers, with better results.

Cellular response to star-shaped polyacids. Solution behavior and conjugation advantages

The nanosized (∼10nm in 0.01M PBS and 210nm in water) star-shaped polymethacrylates with various content of pendant carboxyl groups were characterized via basic physicochemical and biological properties toward their use as drug carriers for intravenous administration. The carboxyl groups in polymer were employed to conjugate fluorescein (FA) or doxorubicin (DOX) via amide bond formation. In case of DOX, the conjugation efficiency was higher (4.0-16.0%) than of FA conjugation (1.5-4.5%) for corresponding copolymers. The solubility of conjugates strongly depended on the type of attached compound, that is free carriers and their FA conjugates were water-soluble, whereas DOX conjugates were insoluble in water. Cytotoxicity tests performed on model fibroblast and epithelial cell lines showed that negatively charged copolymers (ZP ranged from -75 to -25mV) were slightly toxic for normal cells (NHDF) and non-toxic for cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and MCF-7/R). The copolymer dose equal to 125μg/mL resulted in cell viability 118% towards NHDF and 90% for HCT116 cells. The internalization of a representative polymer-fluorescein conjugate by HCT-116 and its accumulation in cytoplasm was proven via fluorescence microscopy. MMA/MAA stars showed no adverse effect on HCT-116 cells, hence fluorescein-tagged polymers might be applied as fluorescence probes for in vitro imaging, whereas doxorubicin-tagged polymers might be developed as a new polymeric drug carriers.

Biocompatible magnetic tris(2-aminoethyl)amine functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose as a novel nanocarrier for anticancer drug delivery of methotrexate

A smart, pH-responsive and biocompatible nanocarrier, aimed to achieve an efficient targeted drug delivery system, was facilely synthesized.

Co-delivery of doxorubicin and methotrexate by dendritic chitosan-g-mPEG as a magnetic nanocarrier for multi-drug delivery in combination chemotherapy

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer agents, and combination therapy is a promising strategy for clinical cancer treatment with synergistic effects.

Dendritic chitosan as a magnetic and biocompatible nanocarrier for the simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and methotrexate to MCF-7 cell line

A novel smart, biocompatible, and pH-responsive magnetic highly branched chitosan was synthesized efficiently for use in dual-anticancer drug delivery systems.

Upregulation of Mir-34a in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells by a PLGA-PEG-PLGA Chrysin Nano Formulation

BACKGROUND

Nano-therapy has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, was recently recognized as having important biological roles in chemical defenses and nitrogen fixation, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects but the poor water solubility of flavonoids limitstheir bioavailability and biomedical applications.

OBJECTIVE

Chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA was assessed for improvement of solubility, drug tolerance and adverse effects and accumulation in a gastric cancer cell line (AGS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG copolymers were prepared using the double emulsion method (W/O/W). The morphology and size distributions of the prepared PLGA-PEG nanospheres were investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM. The in vitro cytotoxicity of pure and nano-chrysin was tested by MTT assay and miR-34a was measured by real-time PCR.

RESULTS

1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM confirmed the PLGA-PEG structure and chrysin loaded on nanoparticles. The MTT results for different concentrations of chrysin at different times for the treatment of AGS cell line showed IC50 values of 68.2, 56.2 and 42.3 μM and 58.2, 44.2, 36.8 μM after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment, respectively for chrysin itslef and chrysin-loaded nanoparticles. The results of real time PCR showed that expression of miR-34a was upregulated to a greater extent via nano chrysin rather than free chrysin.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrates chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG promises a natural and efficient system for anticancer drug delivery to fight gastric cancer.