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Yang GH, Kang D, An S, Ryu JY, Lee K, Kim JS, Song MY, Kim YS, Kwon SM, Jung WK, Jeong W, Jeon H. Advances in the development of tubular structures using extrusion-based 3D cell-printing technology for vascular tissue regenerative applications. Biomater Res 2022; 26:73. [PMID: 36471437 PMCID: PMC9720982 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recent, there are no ideal small diameter vascular grafts available on the market. Most of the commercialized vascular grafts are used for medium to large-sized blood vessels. As a solution, vascular tissue engineering has been introduced and shown promising outcomes. Despite these optimistic results, there are limitations to commercialization. This review will cover the need for extrusion-based 3D cell-printing technique capable of mimicking the natural structure of the blood vessel. First, we will highlight the physiological structure of the blood vessel as well as the requirements for an ideal vascular graft. Then, the essential factors of 3D cell-printing including bioink, and cell-printing system will be discussed. Afterwards, we will mention their applications in the fabrication of tissue engineered vascular grafts. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hoon Yang
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc, 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do 15588 South Korea
| | - Donggu Kang
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc, 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do 15588 South Korea
| | - SangHyun An
- Preclinical Research Center, K Medi-hub, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061 South Korea
| | - Jeong Yeop Ryu
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - KyoungHo Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, K Medi-hub, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061 South Korea
| | - Jun Sik Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, K Medi-hub, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061 South Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Song
- Medical Safety Center, Bio Division, Korea Conformity Laboratories 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999 South Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Medical Safety Center, Bio Division, Korea Conformity Laboratories 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999 South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870 South Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Division of Biomedical Engineering and Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513 South Korea
| | - Woonhyeok Jeong
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
| | - Hojun Jeon
- Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine, Baobab Healthcare Inc, 55 Hanyangdaehak-Ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do 15588 South Korea
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Pita-López ML, Fletes-Vargas G, Espinosa-Andrews H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Physically cross-linked chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A state-of-the-art review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Iacob AT, Drăgan M, Ionescu OM, Profire L, Ficai A, Andronescu E, Confederat LG, Lupașcu D. An Overview of Biopolymeric Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Polysaccharides for Wound Healing Management. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E983. [PMID: 33080849 PMCID: PMC7589858 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, despite the thoroughgoing scientific research carried out in the area of wound healing management, the treatment of skin injuries, regardless of etiology remains a big provocation for health care professionals. An optimal wound dressing should be nontoxic, non-adherent, non-allergenic, should also maintain a humid medium at the wound interfacing, and be easily removed without trauma. For the development of functional and bioactive dressings, they must meet different conditions such as: The ability to remove excess exudates, to allow gaseous interchange, to behave as a barrier to microbes and to external physical or chemical aggressions, and at the same time to have the capacity of promoting the process of healing by stimulating other intricate processes such as differentiation, cell adhesion, and proliferation. Over the past several years, various types of wound dressings including hydrogels, hydrocolloids, films, foams, sponges, and micro/nanofibers have been formulated, and among them, the electrospun nanofibrous mats received an increased interest from researchers due to the numerous advantages and their intrinsic properties. The drug-embedded nanofibers are the potential candidates for wound dressing application by virtue of: Superior surface area-to volume ratio, enormous porosity (can allow oxy-permeability) or reticular nano-porosity (can inhibit the microorganisms'adhesion), structural similitude to the skin extracellular matrix, and progressive electrospinning methodology, which promotes a prolonged drug release. The reason that we chose to review the formulation of electrospun nanofibers based on polysaccharides as dressings useful in wound healing was based on the ever-growing research in this field, research that highlighted many advantages of the nanofibrillary network, but also a marked versatility in terms of numerous active substances that can be incorporated for rapid and infection-free tissue regeneration. In this review, we have extensively discussed the recent advancements performed on electrospun nanofibers (eNFs) formulation methodology as wound dressings, and we focused as well on the entrapment of different active biomolecules that have been incorporated on polysaccharides-based nanofibers, highlighting those bioagents capable of improving the healing process. In addition, in vivo tests performed to support their increased efficacy were also listed, and the advantages of the polysaccharide nanofiber-based wound dressings compared to the traditional ones were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Teodora Iacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Maria Drăgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Oana-Maria Ionescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Lenuța Profire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucuresti, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov st 3, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucuresti, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov st 3, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminița Georgeta Confederat
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Lupașcu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
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Gordienko MG, Palchikova VV, Kalenov SV, Lebedev EA, Belov AA, Menshutina NV. The alginate–chitosan composite sponges with biogenic Ag nanoparticles produced by combining of cryostructuration, ionotropic gelation and ion replacement methods. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1798439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia G. Gordienko
- International Science and Education Centre for Transfer of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical-Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vera V. Palchikova
- International Science and Education Centre for Transfer of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical-Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei V. Kalenov
- Biotechnology Department, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical-Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy A. Lebedev
- International Science and Education Centre for Transfer of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical-Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei A. Belov
- Biotechnology Department, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical-Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V. Menshutina
- International Science and Education Centre for Transfer of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical-Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
AbstractChitosan hydrogels crosslinked with 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC) are readily prepared at room temperature by adding aqueous chitosan solution dropwise into BTC-ethanol solution. Highly interconnected porous chitosan materials are subsequently prepared by freeze-drying the chitosan hydrogels. These chitosan materials show porous structures with smaller pores than conventionally prepared chitosan hydrogels via crosslinking with NaOH, genipin or sodium triphosphate. This method of forming chitosan hydrogels with BTC provides the advantage of facile encapsulation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, as demonstrated with the model dyes (Oil Red O and Rhodamine B). The release of the hydrophilic dye from the chitosan hydrogels is demonstrated and can be tuned by BTC/chitosan concentrations and the hydrogel drying methods. However, the release of encapsulated hydrophobic dye is negligible.
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Modeling of the Mechanical Behavior of 3D Bioplotted Scaffolds Considering the Penetration in Interlocked Strands. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioplotting has been widely used to print hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. One issue involved in 3D bioplotting is to achieve the scaffold structure with the desired mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, various numerical methods have been developed to predict the mechanical properties of scaffolds, but limited by the imperfect representation of one key feature of scaffolds fabricated by 3D bioplotting, i.e., the penetration or fusion of strands in one layer into the previous layer. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel numerical model to predict the elastic modulus (one important index of mechanical properties) of 3D bioplotted scaffolds considering the aforementioned strand penetration. For this, the finite element method was used for the model development, while medium-viscosity alginate was selected for scaffold fabrication by the 3D bioplotting technique. The elastic modulus of the bioplotted scaffolds was characterized using mechanical testing and results were compared with those predicted from the developed model, demonstrating a strong congruity between them. Once validated, the developed model was also used to investigate the effect of other geometrical features on the mechanical behavior of bioplotted scaffolds. Our results show that the penetration, pore size, and number of printed layers have significant effects on the elastic modulus of bioplotted scaffolds; and also suggest that the developed model can be used as a powerful tool to modulate the mechanical behavior of bioplotted scaffolds.
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Benameur L, Baudequin T, Mekhail M, Tabrizian M. The bioconjugation mechanism of purine cross-linkers affects microstructure and cell response to ultra rapidly gelling purine–chitosan sponges. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:602-613. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a cell carrier, cross-linking is one of the most common approaches used to provide chitosan with greater structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | | | - Mina Mekhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry
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Shamekhi MA, Rabiee A, Mirzadeh H, Mahdavi H, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Fabrication and characterization of hydrothermal cross-linked chitosan porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:532-542. [PMID: 28866197 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of various chemical cross-linking agents for the improvement of scaffolds physical and mechanical properties is a common practical method, which is limited by cytotoxicity effects. Due to exerting contract type forces, chondrocytes are known to implement shrinkage on the tissue engineered constructs, which can be avoided by the scaffold cross-linking. In the this research, chitosan scaffolds are cross-linked with hydrothermal treatment with autoclave sterilization time of 0, 10, 20 and 30min, to avoid the application of the traditional chemical toxic materials. The optimization studies with gel content and crosslink density measurements indicate that for 20min sterilization time, the gel content approaches to ~80%. The scaffolds are fully characterized by the conventional techniques such as SEM, porosity and permeability, XRD, compression, thermal analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). FT-IR studies shows that autoclave inter-chain cross-linking reduces the amine group absorption at 1560cm-1 and increase the absorption of N-acetylated groups at 1629cm-1. It is anticipated, that this observation evidenced by chitosan scaffold browning upon autoclave cross-linking is an indication of the familiar maillard reaction between amine moieties and carbonyl groups. The biodegradation rate analysis shows that chitosan scaffolds with lower concentrations, possess suitable degradation rate for cartilage tissue engineering applications. In addition, cytotoxicity analysis shows that fabricated scaffolds are biocompatible. The human articular chondrocytes seeding into 3D cross-linked scaffolds shows a higher viability and proliferation in comparison with the uncross-linked samples and 2D controls. Investigation of cell morphology on the scaffolds by SEM, shows a more spherical morphology of chondrocytes on the cross-linked scaffolds for 21days of in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Shamekhi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial Department, Science Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rabiee
- Polymer Science Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mahdavi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial Department, Science Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: The effect of layer penetration and post-heating. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:241-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yuan X, Li R, Rao Z, Li H, Rong J, Tu M, Zeng R, Zhao J. Synthesis and characterization of a dually crosslinked heparin-conjugated HA hydrogel for BMP-2 sustained delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1180609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Snigdha K, Singh BK, Mehta AS, Tewari RP, Dutta PK. Self-assembling N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-l-Phenylalanine hydrogel as novel drug carrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1639-1646. [PMID: 27126167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogel as a novel drug carrier was prepared from N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) (Fmoc) modified l-phenylalanine. Its different properties like stability at different pH, temperature and rheology were evaluated in reference to salicylic acid (SA) as a model drug, entrapped in the supramolecular hydrogel network. The release behaviour of SA drug in supramolecular hydrogel was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. The influence of hydrogelator, pH values of the accepting media, temperature and concentration of SA drug on the release behaviour was investigated under static conditions. The results indicated that the release rate of SA in the supramolecular hydrogels was slightly retarded with an increase of the hydrogelator concentration. Also, the release rates of SA increased with an increase of temperature and its concentration. Furthermore, the release behaviour of SA was found to be different at various pH values in buffers. The study of the release kinetics indicated that the release behaviour of SA from the carrier was in accord with the Peppas model and the diffusion controlled mechanism involved in the Fickian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Snigdha
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211004, India
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India
| | - Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA; Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211004, India
| | - R P Tewari
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211004, India
| | - P K Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India.
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Sivashankari PR, Prabaharan M. Prospects of chitosan-based scaffolds for growth factor release in tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1382-1389. [PMID: 26899174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is concerned about the rejuvenation and restoration of diseased and damages tissues/organs using man-made scaffolds that mimic the native environment of the cells. In recent years, a variety of biocompatible and biodegradable natural materials is employed for the fabrication of such scaffolds. Of these natural materials, chitosan is the most preferred one as it imitates the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cells. Moreover, chitosan-based materials are pro-angiogenic and have antibacterial activity. These materials can be easily fabricated into the desired shape of the scaffolds that are suitable for tissue support and regeneration. Growth factors are small proteins/peptides that support and enhance the growth and differentiation of cells into a specific lineage. It has been observed that scaffolds capable of delivering growth factor promote tissue repair and regeneration at a faster rate when compared to scaffolds without growth factor. The present review focuses on the recent developments on chitosan-based scaffolds for the delivery of growth factors thereby improving and enhancing tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sivashankari
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - M Prabaharan
- Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai 603 103, India.
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Chitosan: A Promising Substrate for Regenerative Medicine in Drug Formulation. SPRINGER SERIES ON POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Narayanan D, Nair S, Menon D. A systematic evaluation of hydroxyethyl starch as a potential nanocarrier for parenteral drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:575-84. [PMID: 25572720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of parenteral nanoformulations is highly challenging due to the stringent demands on stability, reproducibility and high drug loading with minimal excipients. This study focuses on the development of a pharmaceutically acceptable nanomatrix system for parenteral delivery based on Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES), a FDA approved polymer that is relatively unexplored in drug delivery research. HES nanoparticles were prepared through a simple, two-step crosslinking-precipitation route, yielding 160±5 nm, nearly monodispersed spherical particles with high colloidal stability. The utility of this nanocarrier for parenteral delivery was verified by a panel of hemo/cytocompatibility assays at high concentrations (0.05-1 mg/ml) in vitro and in vivo. HES nanomatrix was found effective in encapsulating two chemically distinct drugs having varying hydrophobicities, with the release behavior being influenced by their chemical nature and drug-matrix interactions. Better in vitro efficacy was measured for the nanoencapsulated drug than its bare form, establishing the potential of HES nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Narayanan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
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