1
|
Torrejon VM, Song J, Yu Z, Hang S. Gelatin-based cellular solids: Fabrication, structure and properties. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221087602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although most cellular polymers are made from thermoplastics using different foaming technologies, gelatin and many other natural polymers can form hydrogels and convert them to cellular solids using various techniques, many of which differ from traditional plastic foaming, and so does their resulting structures. Cellular solids from natural hydrogels are porous materials that often exhibit a combination of desirable properties, including high specific surface area, biochemical activity, as well as thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Among natural hydrogels, gelatin-based porous materials are widely explored due to their availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability and relatively low cost. In addition, gelatin-based cellular solids have outstanding properties and are currently subject to increasing scientific research due to their potential in many applications, such as biocompatible cellular materials or biofoams to facilitate waste treatment. This article aims at providing a comprehensive review of gelatin cellular solids processing and their processing-properties-structure relationship. The fabrication techniques covered include aerogels production, mechanical foaming, blowing agents use, 3D printing, electrospinning and particle leaching methods. It is hoped that the assessment of their characteristics provides compiled information and guidance for selecting techniques and optimization of processing conditions to control material structure and properties to meet the needs of the finished products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Martin Torrejon
- Media and Communication School, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jim Song
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhang Yu
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Song Hang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin Torrejon V, Deng Y, Luo G, Wu B, Song J, Hang S, Wang D. Role of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Tailoring the Rheological Properties of High-Strength Gelatin Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:271. [PMID: 34940331 PMCID: PMC8701992 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin hydrogels are widely used materials that may require surfactants to adjust their solution's surface tension for cell attachment, surface adsorption enhancement, or foaming. However, gelatin is a highly surface-active polymer, and its concentrated solutions usually do not require surfactants to achieve low surface tension. However, anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), interact strongly with gelatin to form complexes that impact its hydrogels' rheological properties, influencing processability and functionality. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic research on the impact of these complexes on high gelatin content (i.e., high strength) hydrogels' rheological properties. In this work, the SDS/gelatin ratio-dependent viscoelastic properties (e.g., gel strength, gelation kinetics, and melting/gelling temperature) of high-strength gelatin hydrogels were investigated using rheology and correlated to surface tension, viscometry, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. SDS-gelatin ratio was proved to be an important factor in tailoring the rheological properties of gelatin hydrogels. The gel strength, gelation kinetics, and melting/gelling temperature of the gelatin hydrogels linearly increased with SDS incorporation up to a maximum value, from which they started to decline. The findings of this work have wide applicability in tailoring the properties of gelatin-SDS solutions and hydrogels during their processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Martin Torrejon
- Media and Communication School, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.D.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (J.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Yanqiu Deng
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.D.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (J.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Guidong Luo
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.D.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (J.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Bingjie Wu
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.D.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (J.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Jim Song
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.D.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (J.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Song Hang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.D.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (J.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Media and Communication School, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nokoorani YD, Shamloo A, Bahadoran M, Moravvej H. Fabrication and characterization of scaffolds containing different amounts of allantoin for skin tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16164. [PMID: 34373593 PMCID: PMC8352935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the skin tissue engineering approach is a way to help the body to recover its lost skin in cases that the spontaneous healing process is either impossible or inadequate, such as severe wounds or burns. In the present study, chitosan/gelatin-based scaffolds containing 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% allantoin were created to improve the wounds' healing process. EDC and NHS were used to cross-link the samples, which were further freeze-dried. Different in-vitro methods were utilized to characterize the specimens, including SEM imaging, PBS absorption and degradation tests, mechanical experiments, allantoin release profile assessment, antibacterial assay, and cell viability and adhesion tests. The results indicated that the scaffolds' average pore sizes were approximately in the range of 390-440 µm, and their PBS uptake amounts were about 1000% to 1250% after being soaked in PBS for 24 h. Around 70% of the specimens were degraded in 6 days, but they were not fully degraded after 21 days. Besides, the samples showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. In general, the MTT cell viability test indicated that the cells' density increased slightly or remained the same during the experiment. SEM images of cells seeded on the scaffolds indicated appropriate properties of the scaffolds for cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maedeh Bahadoran
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Moravvej
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kulkarni G, Guha Ray P, Das S, Biswas S, Dhara S, Das S. Raman spectroscopy assisted biochemical evaluation of L929 fibroblast cells on differentially crosslinked gelatin hydrogels. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 257:119760. [PMID: 33892247 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical evaluation of cell-matrix interaction using conventional labelling techniques often possesses limitations due to dye entrapment. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy guided approach offers label-free determination of cell-matrix biochemistry. Herein, gelatin (Gel) matrices modified with 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/ N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and glutaraldehyde (GTA) was used as standards for comparative evaluation. Raman spectroscopy was deployed as a label-free approach to investigate interaction of cells with Gel hydrogels. Raman-based approach assisted in evaluation of cell-matrix interactions by identifying key biomolecular signatures retrospecting the fact that L929 fibroblast cells portrayed excellent growth and proliferation kinetics in crosslinked Gel as compared to its bare counterpart. EDC crosslinked hydrogels exhibited superior cell proliferation than its GTA counterparts. Cell proliferation on differentially crosslinked gel was also confirmed using standard MTT Assay and Rhodamine-DAPI staining thus corroborating the fact that Raman spectroscopy can be deployed as a superior label-free alternative towards real-time determination of cell proliferation and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kulkarni
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Preetam Guha Ray
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Shreyasi Das
- School of Nano Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Souvik Biswas
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumen Das
- School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei C, Feng Y, Che D, Zhang J, Zhou X, Shi Y, Wang L. Biomaterials in skin tissue engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1933977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihua Feng
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dezhao Che
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Frota EG, Sartor KB, Biduski B, Margarites ACF, Colla LM, Piccin JS. Co-immobilization of amylases in porous crosslinked gelatin matrices by different reticulations approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Salvador T, Oliveira MB, Mano JF. Leachable-Free Fabrication of Hydrogel Foams Enabling Homogeneous Viability of Encapsulated Cells in Large-Volume Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000543. [PMID: 32902167 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of cell-laden injectable hydrogels has steeply increased due to their compatibility with minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, the diffusion of indispensable molecules for cell survival through bulk hydrogel structures, particularly oxygen, is often limited to micrometric distances, often hampering cell viability or uniform tissue formation in constructs with clinically relevant sizes. The introduction of micropores in hydrogels or the use of oxygen-generating materials has enabled combining advantages of porous 3D scaffolds with the injectability properties of in situ-solidifying hydrogels. Here, cell-laden injectable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) foams are fabricated using a single polymer formulation. Air bubbles are introduced into GelMA solutions using a simple-to-implement method based on pulling/pushing the solution through a syringe. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (hASCs) cultured in bulk hydrogels (diameter c.a. 5 mm) show low permanence in the core of the materials and stain for factors associated to hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)) after 7 days of culture. In opposition, cells cultured in optimized foams do not stain for HIF-1α, show high permanence, homogeneous viability, and consistent phenotype in the whole depth of the biomaterials, while secreting increased amounts of regenerative growth factors to the surrounding medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Salvador
- Department of Chemistry CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haider A, Haider S, Rao Kummara M, Kamal T, Alghyamah AAA, Jan Iftikhar F, Bano B, Khan N, Amjid Afridi M, Soo Han S, Alrahlah A, Khan R. Advances in the scaffolds fabrication techniques using biocompatible polymers and their biomedical application: A technical and statistical review. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Mishra R, Varshney R, Das N, Sircar D, Roy P. Synthesis and characterization of gelatin-PVP polymer composite scaffold for potential application in bone tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Rational design of gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite cryogel scaffolds for bone regeneration by introducing chemical and physical cues to enhance osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109855. [PMID: 31500067 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of key components in the chemical and physical milieu for directing osteogenesis is a requirement in the investigation of tissue engineering scaffolds for advancement of bone regeneration. In this study, we engineered different gelatin-based cryogels and studied the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) and crosslinking agents on scaffold properties and its osteogenic response towards bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The cryogels examined are 5% gelatin and 5% gelatin/2.5% nHAP, crosslinked either with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GA). We confirmed that nHAP or the crosslinking agent has no effects on scaffold pore size and porosity. Nonetheless, incorporation of nHAP increased mechanical strength, swelling ratio and degree of crosslinking, but decreased degradation rate. Cryogels crosslinked with EDC showed faster degradation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while those prepared from GA crosslinking promoted proliferation of BMSCs. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation was always enhanced in the presence of nHAP irrespective of the culture medium (normal or osteogenic) used but osteogenic medium always provide a higher extent of osteogenic differentiation. Employing gelatin/nHAP cryogel crosslinked by EDC in a bioreactor for dynamic culture of BMSCs, cyclic compressive mechanical simulation was found to be beneficial for both cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. However, the optimum conditions for osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation were found at 30% and 60% strain, respectively. We thus demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs could be tuned by taking advantages of chemical cues generated from scaffold chemistry or physical cues generated from dynamic cell culture in vitro. Furthermore, by combining the best cryogel preparation and in vitro cell culture condition for osteogenesis, we successfully employed in vitro cultured cryogel/BMSCs constructs for repair of rabbit critical-sized cranial bone defects.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dattola E, Parrotta EI, Scalise S, Perozziello G, Limongi T, Candeloro P, Coluccio ML, Maletta C, Bruno L, De Angelis MT, Santamaria G, Mollace V, Lamanna E, Di Fabrizio E, Cuda G. Development of 3D PVA scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering and cell screening applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4246-4257. [PMID: 35520194 PMCID: PMC9060459 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the design of a 3D scaffold composed of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) applications. The PVA scaffold was fabricated using a combination of gas foaming and freeze-drying processes that did not need any cross-linking agents. We obtained a biocompatible porous matrix with excellent mechanical properties. We measured the stress–strain curves of the PVA scaffolds and we showed that the elastic behavior is similar to that of the extracellular matrix of muscles. The SEM observations revealed that the scaffolds possess micro pores having diameters ranging from 10 μm to 370 μm that fit to the dimensions of the cells. A further purpose of this study was to test scaffolds ability to support human induced pluripotent stem cells growth and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. As the proliferation tests show, the number of live stem cells on the scaffold after 12 days was increased with respect to the initial number of cells, revealing the cytocompatibility of the substrate. In addition, the differentiated cells on the PVA scaffolds expressed anti-troponin T, a marker specific of the cardiac sarcomere. We demonstrated the ability of the cardiomyocytes to pulse within the scaffolds. In conclusion, the developed scaffold show the potential to be used as a biomaterial for CTE applications. The aim of this study was the design of a 3D scaffold composed of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) applications.![]()
Collapse
|
12
|
Electrospun carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted polyhydroxybutyrate composite nanofibers membrane scaffolds: Preparation, characterization and cytocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|