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Synthesis and Characterization of Linear Copolymers Based on Pharmaceutically Functionalized Monomeric Choline Ionic Liquid for Delivery of p-Aminosalicylate. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030860. [PMID: 36986721 PMCID: PMC10059273 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive linear poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL) were designed as carriers in drug delivery systems (DDS). Their synthesis was based on a monomeric ionic liquid (MIL) with a relevant pharmaceutical anion to create therapeutically functionalized monomers, which further can be used in the controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The presence of chloride counterions in the quaternary ammonium groups of choline MIL, e.g., [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl-ammonium chloride (ChMACl), was stimulated to undergo the anion exchange with p-aminosalicylate sodium salt (NaPAS) as the source of the pharmaceutical anion with antibacterial activity. The resultant [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium p-aminosalicylate (ChMAPAS) was copolymerized to attain the well-defined linear choline-based copolymers with various contents of PAS anions (24–42%), which were regulated by the initial ratio of ChMAPAS to MMA and conversion degree. The length of polymeric chains was evaluated by the total monomer conversion (31–66%) yielding degree of polymerization (DPn = 133–272). Depending on the polymer carrier composition, PAS anions were exchanged by 60–100% within 1 h, 80–100% within 4 h, and completely after 24 h by phosphate anions in PBS imitating a physiological fluid.
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Odrobińska J, Skonieczna M, Neugebauer D. Micellar Carriers of Active Substances Based on Amphiphilic PEG/PDMS Heterograft Copolymers: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Safe Use on Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031202. [PMID: 33530445 PMCID: PMC7865956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers containing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene glycol methyl ether (MPEG) were obtained via an azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction between alkyne-functionalized copolymer of MPEG methacrylate and azide-functionalized PDMS. “Click” reactions were carried out with an efficiency of 33–47% increasing grafting degrees. The grafted copolymers were able to carry out the micellization and encapsulation of active substances, such as vitamin C (VitC), ferulic acid (FA) and arginine (ARG) with drug loading content (DLC) in the range of 2–68% (VitC), and 51–89% (FA or ARG). In vitro release studies (phosphate buffer saline, PBS; pH = 7.4 or 5.5) demonstrated that the maximum release of active substances was mainly after 1–2 h. The permeability of released active substances through membrane mimicking skin evaluated by transdermal tests in Franz diffusion cells indicated slight diffusion into the solution (2–16%) and their remaining in the membrane. Studies on the selected carrier with FA showed no negative effect on cell viability, proliferation capacity or senescence, as well as cell apoptosis/necrosis differences or cell cycle interruption in comparison with control cells. These results indicated that the presented micellar systems are good candidates for carriers of cosmetic substances according to physicochemical characterization and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Odrobińska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Micellar Carriers Based on Amphiphilic PEG/PCL Graft Copolymers for Delivery of Active Substances. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122876. [PMID: 33266207 PMCID: PMC7760728 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers of alkyne functionalized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (AlHEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MPEGMA) with graft or V-shaped graft topologies were synthesized. The functionalization of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with azide group enabled attachment to P(AlHEMA-co-MPEGMA) copolymers via a "click" alkyne-azide reaction. The introduction of PCL as a second side chain type in addition to PEG resulted in heterografted copolymers with modified properties such as biodegradability. "Click" reactions were carried out with efficiencies between 17-70% or 32-50% (for lower molecular weight PCL, 4000 g/mol, or higher molecular weight PCL, 9000 g/mol, respectively) depending on the PEG grafting density. The graft copolymers were self-assembled into micellar superstructures with the ability to encapsulate active substances, such as vitamin C (VitC), arbutin (ARB) or 4-n-butylresorcinol (4nBRE). Drug loading contents (DLC) were obtained in the range of 5-55% (VitC), 39-91% (ARB) and 42-98% (4nBRE). In vitro studies carried out in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (at pH 7.4 or 5.5) gave the maximum release levels of active substances after 10-240 min depending on the polymer system. Permeation tests in Franz chambers indicated that the bioactive substances after release by micellar systems penetrated through the artificial skin membrane in small amounts, and a majority of the bioactive substances remained inside the membrane, which is satisfactory for most cosmetic applications.
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Niesyto K, Neugebauer D. Synthesis and Characterization of Ionic Graft Copolymers: Introduction and In Vitro Release of Antibacterial Drug by Anion Exchange. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2159. [PMID: 32971814 PMCID: PMC7570301 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic graft copolymers based on [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl- ammonium chloride (TMAMA) were obtained for the delivery of pharmaceutical ionic drugs, such as p-aminosalicylate (PAS) and clavunate (CLV) anions. The side chains were attached by grafting from a multifunctional macroinitiator via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to get polymers with different grafting degrees and ionic content. The self-assembling ability, confirmed by determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC) through interfacial tension (IFT) with the use of goniometry, was reduced after ion exchange (CMC twice higher than for chloride anions contained copolymers 0.005-0.026 mg/mL). Similarly, the hydrophilicity level (adjusted by the content of ionic fraction) evaluated by the water contact angle (WCA) of the polymer film surfaces was decreased with the increase of trimethylammonium units (68°-44°) and after introduction of pharmaceutical anions. The exchange of Cl- onto PAS- and CLV- in the polymer matrix was yielded at 31%-64% and 79%-100%, respectively. The exchange onto phosphate anions to release the drug was carried out (PAS: 20%-42%, 3.1-8.8 μg/mL; CLV: 25%-73%, 11-31 μg/mL from 1 mg of drug conjugates). Because of the bacteriostatic activity of PAS and the support of the action of the antibiotics by CLV, the designed water-soluble systems could be alternatives for the treatment of bacterial infections, including pneumonia and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Bielas R, Mielańczyk A, Skonieczna M, Mielańczyk Ł, Neugebauer D. Choline supported poly(ionic liquid) graft copolymers as novel delivery systems of anionic pharmaceuticals for anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14410. [PMID: 31594975 PMCID: PMC6783615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New type of carriers based on grafted poly(ionic liquid)s was designed for delivery of ionically attached salicylates (Sal). Choline derived ionic liquid monomeric units were successfully introduced with various content in the side chains by the controlled radical polymerization. Properly high amounts of ionic pharmaceutics in the polymer systems were achieved by the well-fitted length and grafting degree of the side chains. In aqueous solution the graft copolymers were self-assembled into the spherical superstructures with sizes up to 73 nm. Delivery studies showed "burst" release within 4 h, after that it was slower yielding ~70% of released drug within 80 h. Proposed nanocarriers supported low toxicity against human cells (NHDF and BEAS-2B), anti-inflammation activity evaluated with the use of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-6 and IL-8) and antibacterial activities towards E. coli. Adjustment of ionic drug content by structural parameters of graft copolymers, including grafting degree and graft length, are advantageous to tailor nanocarriers with self-assembly properties in aqueous media. Effective release process by ionic exchange and biological activity with low toxicity are promising for further development of this type of drug delivery (DDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Bielas
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Faculty of Automatics, Electronics, and Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mielańczyk
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Neugebauer D, Mielańczyk A, Bielas R, Odrobińska J, Kupczak M, Niesyto K. Ionic Polymethacrylate Based Delivery Systems: Effect of Carrier Topology and Drug Loading. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E337. [PMID: 31311145 PMCID: PMC6681121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented drug delivery polymeric systems (DDS), i.e., conjugates and self-assemblies, based on grafted and star-shaped polymethacrylates have been studied for the last few years in our group. This minireview is focused on the relationship of polymer structure to drug conjugation/entrapment efficiency and release capability. Both graft and linear polymers containing trimethylammonium groups showed the ability to release the pharmaceutical anions by ionic exchange, but in aqueous solution they were also self-assembled into nanoparticles with encapsulated nonionic drugs. Star-shaped polymers functionalized with ionizable amine/carboxylic groups were investigated for drug conjugation via ketimine/amide linkers. However, only the conjugates of polybases were water-soluble, giving opportunity for release studies, whereas the self-assembling polyacidic stars were encapsulated with the model drugs. Depending on the type of drug loading in the polymer matrix, their release rates were ordered as follows: Physical ≥ ionic > covalent. The studies indicated that the well-defined ionic polymethacrylates, including poly(ionic liquid)s, are advantageous for designing macromolecular carriers due to the variety of structural parameters, which are efficient for tuning of drug loading and release behavior in respect to the specific drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Neugebauer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał Bielas
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Odrobińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Kupczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niesyto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Bielas R, Siewniak A, Skonieczna M, Adamiec M, Mielańczyk Ł, Neugebauer D. Choline based polymethacrylate matrix with pharmaceutical cations as co-delivery system for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory combined therapy. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sonawane RO, Patil SD. Fabrication and statistical optimization of starch-κ-carrageenan cross-linked hydrogel composite for extended release pellets of zaltoprofen. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2324-2334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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