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Barchielli B, Cricenti C, Lausi G, Quaglieri A, Mari E, Rocca G, Antinori A, Giannini AM, Ferracuti S. Exploring the Interplay of problematic pornography use, sexism, and rape myth acceptance: An Italian cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32981. [PMID: 39044971 PMCID: PMC11263655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationships among pornography use, sexist ideology and false or stereotypical ideas about rape are controversial. This study specifically examines the associations of problematic pornography use (PPU) with sexism and rape myth acceptance among both male and female participants within the Italian context utilizing a cross-sectional methodology. Based on data from 815 participants collected through an online questionnaire, the study identifies significant gender-based differences, with men typically exhibiting higher scores on sexism, rape myth acceptance, and token resistance beliefs. Correlation analysis revealed that in men, there was a positive relationship between pornography cravings and sexist beliefs but not between pornography cravings and minimizing rape or accusations of lying (rape myth). Women showed significant positive correlations across all problematic pornography use dimensions with sexist ideology, although the relationship with rape myth acceptance varied. These findings underscore the critical need for acknowledging these relationships to enhance strategies for preventing gender-based violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocca
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Criminology, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Arije Antinori
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
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2
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Koós M, Nagy L, Kraus SW, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN, Gaudet É, Ballester-Arnal R, Batthyány D, Bergeron S, Billieux J, Briken P, Burkauskas J, Cárdenas-López G, Carvalho J, Castro-Calvo J, Chang YH, Chen L, Ciocca G, Corazza O, Csako RI, Fernandez DP, Fujiwara H, Fernandez EF, Fuss J, Gabrhelík R, Gewirtz-Meydan A, Gjoneska B, Gola M, Grubbs JB, Hashim HT, Hsieh YP, Islam MS, Ismail M, Jiménez-Martínez MC, Jurin T, Kalina O, Klein V, Költő A, Lee SK, Lewczuk K, Lochner C, López-Alvarado S, Lukavská K, Mayta-Tristán P, Miller DJ, Orosová O, Orosz G, Ponce FP, Quintana GR, Quintero Garzola GC, Ramos-Diaz J, Rigaud K, Rousseau A, Scanavino MDT, Schulmeyer MK, Sharan P, Shibata M, Shoib S, Sigre-Leirós V, Sniewski L, Spasovski O, Steibliene V, Stein DJ, Strizek J, Štulhofer A, Ünsal BC, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Van Hout MC, Bőthe B. Why Do People Watch Pornography? Cross-Cultural Validation of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) and Its Short Form (PUMS-8). JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38905162 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2359641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; SDage = 12.37), enabled us to thoroughly evaluate the dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS), leading to the development of the more concise PUMS-8 short scale. Additionally, language-, nationality-, gender-, and sexual-orientation-based measurement invariance tests were conducted to test the comparability across groups. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 assess eight pornography use motivations, and both demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Sexual Pleasure emerged as the most frequent motivation for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations, while differences were observed concerning other motivations (e.g. self-exploration was more prevalent among gender-diverse individuals than men or women). The motivational background of pornography use showed high similarity in the examined countries. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 are reliable and valid measurement tools to assess different types of motivations for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations. Both scales are recommended for use in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Koós
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Léna Nagy
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale University School of Medicine
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling
| | | | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Departmento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, University Jaume I of Castellón
| | - Dominik Batthyány
- Institute for Behavioural Addictions, Sigmund Freud University Vienna
| | | | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne
- Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
| | - Georgina Cárdenas-López
- Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory, School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico
| | - Joana Carvalho
- William James Center for Research, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro
| | - Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanity and Social Science, Fuzhou University
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Section of Sexual Psychopathology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento
| | - Rita I Csako
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology
| | | | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
- Decentralized Big Data Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project
| | | | - Johannes Fuss
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen
| | - Roman Gabrhelík
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Charles University
- Department of Addictology, General University Hospital in Prague
| | - Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa
| | | | - Mateusz Gola
- Institute of Psychlogy, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- University of New Mexico
- Center for Alcohol, Substance use, And Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico
| | | | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, University of North Dakota
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health
| | | | | | - Tanja Jurin
- Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | - Ondrej Kalina
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice
| | | | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital
- Chuncheon Addiction Management Center
| | - Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University
| | | | - Kateřina Lukavská
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Charles University
- Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology, Charles University
| | | | - Dan J Miller
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University
| | - Oľga Orosová
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice
| | | | | | - Gonzalo R Quintana
- Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá
| | | | - Jano Ramos-Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte
| | | | | | - Marco De Tubino Scanavino
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
- Experimental Pathophisiology Post Graduation Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | | | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | | | - Vera Sigre-Leirós
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne
- Institute of Legal Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)
| | | | - Ognen Spasovski
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
| | | | | | - Berk C Ünsal
- Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal
- Center de recherche interdisciplinary sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles (CRIPCAS)
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3
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Galper EF, Tindage MF. Let's Talk About Sex(ual Health): Young Adult Women's Disclosure of Their Pornography Use to Their Romantic Partners. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37772929 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2257687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Within romantic relationships, secret-keeping has been related to negative outcomes whereas self-disclosure has been related to positive outcomes. Exploring young adult women's pornography use disclosures to their romantic partners can provide further avenues for understanding aspects of sexual and relational health. Using an open-ended survey informed by the Revelation Risk Model (RRM), this study explored young adult women's reasons and perceived relational outcomes of disclosing their pornography use to their romantic partners. Data from 32 young adult women (M = 20.8 years old), were thematically analyzed. Women in our sample reported disclosing for three main reasons: disclosed to be close, disclosed because we are intimate, and speaking our minds. They also reported that their disclosures resulted in emotional, sexual, or no relational changes. Further, we found that women who engaged in more in-depth conversations following their pornography disclosures perceived there to be more positive relational changes in comparison to women who had surface-level conversations following their pornography disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Galper
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina
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4
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Irizarry R, Gallaher H, Samuel S, Soares J, Villela J. How the Rise of Problematic Pornography Consumption and the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Led to a Decrease in Physical Sexual Interactions and Relationships and an Increase in Addictive Behaviors and Cluster B Personality Traits: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e40539. [PMID: 37342297 PMCID: PMC10277752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
On January 13, 2018, an alert was sent to Hawaii's people that a missile was heading toward them. People were in a state of alarm for 30 minutes before the government sent out a false alarm statement. Fifteen minutes after the message that told the people of Hawaii that they were not in danger went out, Pornhub's views spiked by 48%. On March 11, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was designated a pandemic. By March 25, 2020, Pornhub's views had spiked to over 24%. We took the research available on problematic pornography consumption, also referred to as internet sex addiction, pornography addiction, and cybersex addiction, and compared that to the rise of pornography use since the year 2000 and how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted pornography use and the effects it had on sexual and social relations. We also wanted to see if there is any association between pornography consumption and other addictive disorders and cluster B personality traits. There is currently no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnosis for pornography addiction. We want to see if the data we gather can aid in identifying whether problematic pornography use has a place alongside other addictive disorders in the DSM-5. We hypothesize that inappropriate pornography consumption has increased since 2000, only to increase further during the pandemic. The null hypothesis, Ho, states there has been no change in the consumption of pornography since the 2000s. The alternative theory, Ha, says that the proportion of people who use pornography has increased over the past 23 years. As for other addictive disorders and cluster B personality traits, we hypothesize the research will show that greater than 50% of people exhibiting problematic pornography consumption will also have an additional addictive disorder and a cluster B personality trait. Our results support our hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, pornography consumption increased beyond the baseline. The results did not support our prediction of a significant association between other addictive disorders and cluster B personality traits with pornography consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley Gallaher
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Steven Samuel
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Jason Soares
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Julia Villela
- Medical School, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
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5
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Evans L. Virtual Reality Pornography: a Review of Health-Related Opportunities and Challenges. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2023; 15:26-35. [PMID: 36467871 PMCID: PMC9684871 DOI: 10.1007/s11930-022-00352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Virtual reality (VR) pornography is a relatively new medium for the experience of pornography. In juxtaposition with traditional modes of experiencing pornography, such as two-dimensional (2D) displays, VR promises a new experience of pornography for the user. VR can offer the feeling of 'being there': an increased sense of immersion and presence in a mediated experience thanks to the sensory affordances of the medium. In an effective VR environment, the user is immersed in the experience itself, feeling an embodied presence in the world presented to them and able to interact with the environment and others in the environment in ways that cannot be achieved in other media. In terms of pornography, this is potentially revolutionary. The user can be embodied in one of the performers and experience a unique perspective. Alternatively, there are interfaces that will allow for the performer and viewer to physically interact with one another and experience physical arousal from the actions of the other at a distance. The possibilities of VR pornography are therefore related to the intensity of experience, the changing relationship with the performers and others in pornographic media, and the possibility of new, embodied experiences of arousal utilising networked, embodied technologies. This research review assesses to what extent research on VR pornography has supported these possibilities, affordances, and developments. Recent Findings 23 articles were included in the present review. Findings demonstrate some increases in arousal and empathy in using VR pornography. However, further empirical evidence for these findings is still needed. In addition, teledildonic technology is lacking empirical research and the effects of the use of this technology in conjunction with VR requires research. Summary Collectively, the results underscore the notion that VR improves immersion and presence for subjects, and this can translate to increased sexual desire, empathy for performers in pornography, and sexual anxiety in watching pornography. This is a field in infancy, and the initial results of empirical work suggest that VR can intensify some key aspects of the experience of pornography. Theoretical reflections on VR pornography indicate many areas that require further empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton Evans
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Department of Media and Communication, Digital Technium Building, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
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6
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Noll LK, Harsey SJ, Freyd JJ. Assessment of attitudes toward internet pornography in emerging adults using the Internet Pornography Questionnaire. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Hoagland KC, Grubbs JB. Pornography Use and Holistic Sexual Functioning: a Systematic Review of Recent Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Oleksy T, Wnuk A. Do women perceive sex robots as threatening? The role of political views and presenting the robot as a female-vs male-friendly product. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Cuesta U, Niño JI, Martinez L, Paredes B. The Neurosciences of Health Communication: An fNIRS Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex and Porn Consumption in Young Women for the Development of Prevention Health Programs. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2132. [PMID: 32982871 PMCID: PMC7488514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the use of fNIRS neuroimaging technique using young female college students with different levels of consumption of pornography, and the activation of the prefrontal cortex (cue reactivity) when viewing a pornographic clip (cue exposure) versus a control clip. The results indicate that the viewing of the pornographic clip (vs. control clip) causes an activation of Brodmann's area 45 of the right hemisphere (BA 45, pars triangularis) (p < 0.01). An effect also appears between the level of self-reported consumption and the activation of right BA 45: the higher the level of self-reported consumption, the greater the activation (p < 0.01). On the other hand, those participants who have never consumed pornographic material do not show activity of the right BA 45 compared to the control clip (p < 0.01) indicating a qualitative difference between non-consumers and consumers. These results are consistent with other research made in the field of addictions. It is hypothesized that the mirror neuron system may be involved, through the mechanism of empathy, which could provoke vicarious eroticism. Finally, we suggest the applications that these results may have for primary and secondary prevention programs in the field of problematic consumption of pornography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo Cuesta
- Department of Theories and Analysis of Communication, School of Communications, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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The impact of virtual reality versus 2D pornography on sexual arousal and presence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Leon-Larios F, Saavedra-Macias FJ, Albar-Marin MJ, Gomez-Baya D. Pornography Influence Among Young Students: Adaptation and Validation of Pornography Consumption Inventory into Spanish. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2019; 45:652-661. [PMID: 31018827 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2019.1610124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript intends to adapt and validate Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) into Spanish in a sample of 211 young students who admitted to consume pornography. They completed a questionnaire that referred to sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior and PCI. Results showed a factorial structure of the scale with good data fit, composed of 13 items divided into three dimensions, i.e., emotional avoidance, sexual curiosity, and excitement seeking and sexual pleasure. These factors were positively interrelated and presented excellent internal consistency reliability. Some gender differences were observed, so that men presented higher scores in the three dimensions than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Leon-Larios
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | | | - Maria Jesus Albar-Marin
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Huelva , Huelva , Spain
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12
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Grubbs JB, Wright PJ, Braden AL, Wilt JA, Kraus SW. Internet pornography use and sexual motivation: a systematic review and integration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2019.1584045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Grubbs
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Paul J. Wright
- The Media School, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Abby L. Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Joshua A. Wilt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shane W. Kraus
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Bedford VAMC, Bedford, USA
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13
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de Alarcón R, de la Iglesia JI, Casado NM, Montejo AL. Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don't-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E91. [PMID: 30650522 PMCID: PMC6352245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there has been a wave of articles related to behavioral addictions; some of them have a focus on online pornography addiction. However, despite all efforts, we are still unable to profile when engaging in this behavior becomes pathological. Common problems include: sample bias, the search for diagnostic instrumentals, opposing approximations to the matter, and the fact that this entity may be encompassed inside a greater pathology (i.e., sex addiction) that may present itself with very diverse symptomatology. Behavioral addictions form a largely unexplored field of study, and usually exhibit a problematic consumption model: loss of control, impairment, and risky use. Hypersexual disorder fits this model and may be composed of several sexual behaviors, like problematic use of online pornography (POPU). Online pornography use is on the rise, with a potential for addiction considering the "triple A" influence (accessibility, affordability, anonymity). This problematic use might have adverse effects in sexual development and sexual functioning, especially among the young population. We aim to gather existing knowledge on problematic online pornography use as a pathological entity. Here we try to summarize what we know about this entity and outline some areas worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén de Alarcón
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier I de la Iglesia
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Nerea M Casado
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Angel L Montejo
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- University of Salamanca, EUEF, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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