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Garza-Ortiz A, Maheswari PU, Lutz M, Siegler MA, Reedijk J. Tuning the cytotoxic properties of new ruthenium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes with a modified bis(arylimino)pyridine Schiff base ligand using bidentate pyridine-based ligands. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:675-89. [PMID: 24430199 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, spectroscopy, characterization, structures, and cytotoxicity studies of 2,6-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyliminomethyl)pyridine (LLL) ruthenium compounds are described. The starting compound [RuCl3(LLL)] has been fully characterized using IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the crystal structure of the ligand LLL has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. With the ruthenium(III) trichloride compound as starting material, a new family of Ru(II) complexes with a number of neutral and charged bidentate co-ligands have been synthesized and used for characterization and cytotoxicity studies. The synthesis of the corresponding [Ru(II)LLL(LL)Cl](+/0) complexes with co-ligands- LL is 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridyl, 2-(phenylazo)pyridine, 2-(phenylazo)-3-methylpyridine, 2-(tolylazo)pyridine, or the anionic 2-picolinate-is reported. Analytical, spectroscopic (IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and structural characterization of the new compounds is described. Crystal structure analyses of two Ru(II) compounds show a slightly distorted octahedral Ru(II) geometry with tridentate LLL coordinated in a planar meridional fashion, and the chelating co-ligand (LL) and a chloride ion complete the octahedron. The co-ligand plays a significant role in modulating the physicochemical and cytotoxic properties of these new ruthenium complexes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these new Ru(II) complexes (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, of 0.5-1.5 μM), in comparison with the parent Ru(III) compound (half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 3.9-4.3 μM) is higher for several of the human cancer cell lines tested. The cytotoxic activity of some of the new ruthenium compounds is even higher than that of cisplatin in the same cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of these new anticancer compounds is discussed in the light of structure-based activity relationships, and a possible mechanism of action is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Garza-Ortiz
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Garza-Ortiz A, Maheswari PU, Siegler M, Spek AL, Reedijk J. Ruthenium(III) Chloride Complex with a Tridentate Bis(arylimino)pyridine Ligand: Synthesis, Spectra, X-ray Structure, 9-Ethylguanine Binding Pattern, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6964-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Garza-Ortiz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Palanisamy Uma Maheswari
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Siegler
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Maji S, Sarkar B, Patra M, Das AK, Mobin SM, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. Formation, Reactivity, and Photorelease of Metal Bound Nitrosyl in [Ru(trpy)(L)(NO)]n+ (trpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-Terpyridine, L = 2-Phenylimidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline). Inorg Chem 2008; 47:3218-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702160w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Malay Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology—Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Chao H, Yuan YX, Ji LN. Synthesis, characterization and third-order nonlinear optical properties of ruthenium(II) complexes containing 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-004-9169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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