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Nirmal Ram JS, Sathya U, Gomathi S, Cordes DB. Structure determination and Hirshfeld surface analysis of new cocrystal and salt forms of 5-aminotetrazole with hydroxy- and nitro-substituted carboxylic acids. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 78:414-423. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229622006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two new crystalline solids, namely, 5-aminotetrazole–3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid–water (1/4/6), CH3N5·4C7H6O4·6H2O (I), and 5-aminotetrazolium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate, CH4N5
+·C7H3N2O7
− (II), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The crystal packing arrangements of I and II are governed by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions. In cocrystal I, adjacent acid molecules are linked through O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer with an R
2
2(8) motif. In salt II, the tetrazolium cation and acid anion are linked through N—H...O hydrogen bonds to also form a dimer with an R
2
2(8) motif. Further N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the crystal packing, along with aromatic π–π stacking interactions in I and carbonyl...π interactions in II. The Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots reveal that O...H/H...O interactions contribute 34.4% of the total interactions in the crystal packing of cocrystal I and 36.7% in salt II.
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2
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Huang T, Hao W, Jin B, Zhang J, Guo J, Luo L, Zhang Q, Peng R. Novel energetic coordination compound [Cu(AT)4]Cl2 for catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Li B, Song H, Wu H, Wang J, Tian X, Ma X. A new oxygen-rich and poly-nitrogen energetic complex: synthesis, properties of high energy materials and catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1892663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huan Song
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiakai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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4
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Cao S, Ma X, Ma X, Cen P, Wu Y, Yang J, Liu X, Xie G, Chen S. Modulating energetic performance through decorating nitrogen-rich ligands in high-energy MOFs. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2300-2307. [PMID: 32016242 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of different nitrogen-rich ligands, two energetic MOFs with formulas [Ag(tza)]n (1) and [Ag(atza)]n (2) (Htza = tetrazole-1-acetic acid and Hatza = (5-amino-1H-tetrazole-1-yl) acetic acid) were successfully synthesized and characterized. X-ray single crystal structure analysis shows that both 1 and 2 have 2D layer-like topologies. The experimental and theoretical evaluations reveal the promising properties of both energetic compounds, such as prominent heats of detonation, high thermal stabilities, good sensitivities and excellent detonation performances. In contrast to 1, interestingly, the introduction of the amino group in 2 leads to various coordination modes of the ligands and different stacking patterns of the frameworks, resulting in the observation of the shorter Ag-O, Ag-Ag, C-N, N-N, and N[double bond, length as m-dash]N bond lengths in 2. Consequently, 2 features superior heats of detonation and thermostability compared to 1. The nonisothermal thermokinetic parameters are obtained by using the Kissinger and Ozawa methods, while the standard molar enthalpies of formation are calculated from the determination of constant volume combustion energies. In addition, both compounds were explored as practical additives to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). This work may provide an effective approach for manipulating the energetic properties and thermostability of high-energy compounds via the perturbation of energetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senni Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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5
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Yang Q, Yang G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang Z, Xie G, Wei Q, Chen S, Gao S. Superior Thermostability, Good Detonation Properties, Insensitivity, and the Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate for a New Solvent-Free 3D Energetic PbII
-MOF. Chemistry 2017; 23:9149-9155. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wendou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Baoji University of Arts and Sciences; Baoji 721013 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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6
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Zhou T, Wang X, Xu K, Song J, Zhao F. Two new complexes based on 2-(dinitromethylene)-1,3-diazacyclopentane (DNDZ): Synthesis, crystal structure and properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Chen D, Huang S, Zhang Q, Yu Q, Zhou X, Li H, Li J. Two nitrogen-rich Ni(ii) coordination compounds based on 5,5′-azotetrazole: synthesis, characterization and effect on thermal decomposition for RDX, HMX and AP. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel efficient burning promoters of solid propellants based on Ni salt and azotetrazole have been successfully prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
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8
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Bi YG, Feng YA, Li Y, Wu BD, Zhang TL. Synthesis, structure, and thermal decomposition of two copper coordination compounds [Cu(DAT)2(PA)2] and [Cu(DAT)2(HTNR)2] with nitrogen rich 1,5-diaminotetrazole (DAT). J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.981167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong-An Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bi-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
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9
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Jin X, Zhang JG, Xu CX, Yin X, He P, Qin Q. Eco-friendly energetic complexes based on transition metal nitrates and 3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DATr). J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.960862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Piao He
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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10
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Li B, Shen D, Chen X, Li T, Ren J, Hu Q, Liu W. A new 1-D energetic complex [Cu(2,3′-bpt)2·H2O]n: synthesis, structure, and catalytic thermal decomposition for ammonium perchlorate. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.934230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Qilin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
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11
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Li ZM, Zhang TL, Huang HS, Zhang JG, Yang L, Zhou ZN, Yu KB. Syntheses, crystal structures, thermal behaviors, and sensitivities of new initiator compositions: rubidium salts of trinitrophenol and trinitroresorcinol. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.932353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui-Sheng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zun-Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kai-Bei Yu
- Chengdu Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
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12
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Zhang Y, Wu H, Xu K, Zhang W, Ren Z, Song J, Zhao F. Thermolysis, Nonisothermal Decomposition Kinetics, Specific Heat Capacity and Adiabatic Time-to-Explosion of [Cu(NH3)4](DNANT)2 (DNANT= Dinitroacetonitrile). J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:1168-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411445h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Kangzhen Xu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wantao Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhaoyu Ren
- Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jirong Song
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
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13
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Pramanik AK, Jana MS, Mondal TK. Cu(II) complexes of a new tetradentate N2SO donor: synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and DFT computation. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.857407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mahendra Sekhar Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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14
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Gao Z, Huang J, Xu KZ, Zhang WT, Song JR, Zhao FQ. Synthesis, structural characterization, and thermal properties of a new energetic zinc-FOX-7 complex. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.848276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Kang-Zhen Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wan-Tao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ji-Rong Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
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15
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Syntheses and characterizations of two new energetic copper–amine-DNANT complexes and their effects on thermal decomposition of RDX. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Wu BD, Bi YG, Zhou ZN, Yang L, Zhang JG, Zhang TL. Preparation, crystal structure, and thermal decomposition of an azide energetic compound [Cd(IMI)2(N3)2]n (IMI = imidazole). J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.810733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Dong Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Yan-Gang Bi
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Zun-Ning Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Li Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , 100081 , China
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17
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Li ZM, Zhang TL, Zhang GT, Zhou ZN, Yang L, Zhang JG, Yu KB. Synthesis, structure, and thermal behavior of a 2-D polymeric Ca(II) compound with tetrazole-1-acetic acid. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.782007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Guo-Tao Zhang
- b 42nd Institute of the Fourth Academy, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation , Xiangyang , P.R. China
| | - Zun-Ning Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Li Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Kai-Bei Yu
- c Chengdu Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , PR China
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18
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Wei J, Zhang D, Yang Q, Chen S, Gao S. 0D Cu(II) and 1D mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) coordination compounds based on mixed ligands: Syntheses, structures and catalytic thermal decomposition for HMX. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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He F, Xu KZ, Zhang H, Qiu QQ, Song JR, Zhao FQ. Two new copper-FOX-7 complexes: synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal behavior. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.771182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , China
| | - Kang-Zhen Xu
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , China
| | - Hang Zhang
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , China
| | - Qian-Qian Qiu
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , China
| | - Ji-Rong Song
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- b Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi’an , China
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