Synthesis, structural studies, and antibacterial activity of zinc, copper, and silver complexes derived from N′-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide

Synthesis, structure and bioactivity of Ni2+ and Cu2+ acylhydrazone complexes

Two acylhydrazone complexes, bis{6-methyl-N'-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κN¹)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidato-κ²N',O}nickel(II), [Ni(C₁₃H₁₂N₅O)₂], (I), and di-μ-azido-κ⁴N¹:N¹-bis({6-methyl-N'-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κN¹)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidato-κ²N',O}nickel(II)), [Cu₂(C₁₃H₁₂N₅O)₂(N₃)₂], (II), derived from 6-methyl-N'-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazide (HL) and azide salts, have been synthesized. HL acts as an N,N',O-tridentate ligand in both complexes. Complex (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn and has a mononuclear structure, the azide co-ligand is not involved in crystallization and the Ni²⁺ centre lies in a distorted {N₄O₂} octahedral coordination environment. Complex (II) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 and is a centrosymmetric binuclear complex with a crystallographically independent Cu²⁺ centre coordinating to three donor atoms from the deprotonated L^- ligand and to two N atoms belonging to two bridging azide anions. The two- and one-dimensional supramolecular structures are constructed by hydrogen-bonding interactions in (I) and (II), respectively. The in vitro urease inhibitory evaluation revealed that complex (II) showed a better inhibitory activity, with the IC₅₀ value being 1.32±0.4 µM. Both complexes can effectively bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by 1:1 binding, which was assessed via tryptophan emission-quenching measurements. The bioactivities of the two complexes towards jack bean urease were also studied by molecular docking. The effects of the metal ions and the coordination environments in the two complexes on in vitro urease inhibitory activity are preliminarily discussed.