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Manandhar E, Day BO, Sampson KSM, Schroeder EE, Ninahaza AL, Aragon ST, Kwan CJ, Tinacba FC, Do JJ, Jees R, Bhatta RS, Cragg PJ. A 1,8-Naphthalimide-based Tripodal Fluorescent Chemosensor to Selectively Detect Copper Ions. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03867-7. [PMID: 39066915 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A 1,8-naphthalimide-based tripodal fluorescent ligand (L3) was synthesized through the copper (I) catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction of 2-(2-azidoethyl)-6-morpholino-1 H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2 H)-dione with triproparagylamine. Naphthalimide acts as the fluorophore while the triazole and amine nitrogens chelate the metal ion. L3 showed a selective fluorescence turn-off for Cu(II) over other metal ions in aqueous acetonitrile solution. A Job's plot, Benesi-Hildbrand plot and high-resolution mass spectrometry data confirm a 1:1 binding stoichiometry with a binding constant of 7.8 х105 M- 1 while addition of disodium EDTA demonstrates its reversibility. The structure and stability of the complex was supported by theoretical calculations. The limit of detection for Cu(II) was calculated to be 0.3 µM which is considerably lower than WHO recommended Cu(II) limit in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erendra Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Blake O Day
- Department of Chemistry, Berea College, Berea, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Samantha T Aragon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Camille J Kwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Franchesca C Tinacba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joshua J Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rosanna Jees
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Peter J Cragg
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Ihde MH, Covey G, Johnson ADG, Fronczek FR, Wallace KJ, Bonizzoni M. The effect of outer-sphere anions on the spectroscopic response of metal-binding chemosensors. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14079-14087. [PMID: 35975743 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01794f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion pair receptors typically contain two separate binding sites, for the metal and the anion respectively. Here we report a less synthetically demanding approach, whereby we prepared a family of ion pair sensors based on a rhodamine fluorescent scaffold containing a tunable cation binding motif. When exposed to ion pairs, a competition for the metal ion is established between these ligands and anions. Structural and spectroscopic evidence showed that anions bind through weaker secondary interactions in the metal's outer coordination sphere and their presence influences the optical spectroscopic properties of the coordination complex in distinctive ways. The relationship between the binding site's metal affinity and its tunable properties, and the sensors' discriminatory power for anions was explained as a function of the metal ion's binding preferences. These effects were also exploited to discriminate cations and anions concurrently through multivariate data analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ihde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Covey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
| | - Ashley D G Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Karl J Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA. .,Alabama Water Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206, USA
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