1
|
Abstract
Rice husk (RH) is one of the most important crop residues around the world, making its valorization an urgent and important topic in recent years. This work focused on the production of RH-based biochars at different pyrolysis temperatures from 400 to 900 °C and holding times from 0 to 90 min. Furthermore, the variations in the yields and pore properties of the resulting biochars were related to these process conditions. The results showed that the pore properties (i.e., BET surface area and porosity) of the resulting RH-based biochar were positively correlated with the ranges of pyrolysis temperature and holding time studied. The maximal pore properties with a BET surface area of around 280 m2/g and porosity of 0.316 can be obtained from the conditions at 900 °C for a holding time of 90 min. According to the data on the nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distributions, both microporous and mesoporous structures exist in the resulting biochar. In addition, the EDS and FTIR analyses also supported the slight hydrophilicity on the surface of the RH-based biochar due to the oxygen/silica-containing functional groups. Based on the findings of this work, the RH-based biochar could be used as a material in environmental applications for water conservation, wastewater treatment and soil amendment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng C, Yang Z, Si M, Zhu F, Yang W, Zhao F, Shi Y. Application of biochars in the remediation of chromium contamination: Fabrication, mechanisms, and interfering species. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124376. [PMID: 33144008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic pollutants that has accumulated in terrestrial and aqueous systems, posing serious risks towards living beings on a worldwide scale. The immobilization, removal, and detoxification of active Cr from natural environment can be accomplished using multiple advanced materials. Biochar, a carbonaceous pyrolytic product made from biomass waste, is considered as a promising material for the elimination of Cr contamination. The preparation and properties of biochar as well as its remediation process for Cr ions have been well investigated. However, the distinct correlation of the manufacturing, characteristics, and mechanisms involved in the remediation of Cr contamination by various designed biochars is not summarized. Herein, this review provides information about the production, modification, and characteristics of biochars along with their corresponding effects on Cr stabilization. Biochar could be modified via physical, hybrid, chemical, and biological methods. The remediating mechanisms of Cr contamination using biochars involve adsorption, reduction, electron shuttle, and photocatalysis. Moreover, the coexisting ions and organic pollutants change the pattern of the remediating process of biochar in actual Cr contaminated water and soil. Finally, the present limitations and future perspectives are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chujing Zheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Weichun Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feiping Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China; School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naseem K, Farooqi ZH, Begum R, Rehman MZU, Shahbaz A, Farooq U, Ali M, Rahman HMAU, Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG. Removal of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Medium Using Vigna radiata Leave Biomass: Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, a novel biosorbent Vigna radiata leaves biomass (L. biomass) was utilized for cadmium (II) extraction from aqueous medium. Cadmium (II) free and cadmium (II) loaded L. biomass was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Adsorption of cadmium (II) from aqueous medium was studied under various conditions such as adsorbent dose, agitation time, pH and temperature of the medium to optimize the process variables. Different models including Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) were used to elaborate the insight of adsorption process. Best interpretation of biosorption process was given by Langmuir model. Value of maximum adsorption capacity (qm) calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was found to be 13.44 mg/g. Results indicated the establishment of physical interaction between cadmium (II) ions and functional groups of L. biomass. Kinetic study for adsorption of cadmium (II) ions on L. biomass was done by applying pseudo first order, pseudo second order, elovich and intra-particles diffusion models. Biosorption process best followed the pseudo second order kinetics. Value of standard Gibbs energy (ΔG°) and standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) showed the feasibility, spontaneity and endothermic nature of adsorption process. Percentage removal efficiency of L. biomass for cadmium (II) was successfully maintained for four cycles. Biomass has a potential to be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (II) from different polluted water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Naseem
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan , Tel.: +92-42-9230463 (off.) Ext. 817, Fax: 92-42-9231269, e-mail:
| | - Robina Begum
- Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab , New Campus, Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore 54890 , Pakistan
| | - Aiman Shahbaz
- Department of Chemistry , Kinnaird College for Women , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia ; Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia ; Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seyedein Ghannad SMR, Lotfollahi MN. Preparation of granular activated carbons from composite of powder activated carbon and modified β-zeolite and application to heavy metals removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1591-1601. [PMID: 29595161 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are continuously contaminating the surface and subsurface water. The adsorption process is an attractive alternative for removing the heavy metals because of its low cost, simple operation, high efficiency, and flexible design. In this study, influences of β-zeolite and Cu-modified β-zeolite on preparation of granular activated carbons (GACs) from a composite of powder activated carbon (PAC), methylcellulose as organic binder, bentonite as inorganic binder, and water were investigated. A number of granular samples were prepared by controlling the weight percentage of binder materials, PAC and zeolites as a reinforcing adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to characterize zeolite, modified zeolite and produced GAC. The produced GACs were used as the adsorbent for removal of Zn+2, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the adsorption of metals ions depended on the pH (5.5) and contact time (30 min). Maximum adsorption of 97.6% for Pb2+, 95.9% for Cd2+ and 91.1% for Zn+2 occurred with a new kind of GAC made of Cu-modified β-zeolite. The Zn+2, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions sorption kinetics data were well described by a pseudo-second order model for all sorbents. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental equilibrium data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M R Seyedein Ghannad
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran E-mail:
| | - M N Lotfollahi
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of pore size and morphology of activated charcoal prepared from midribs of Elaeis guineensis on adsorption of poisons using metronidazole and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a case study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 5:32-38. [PMID: 30023235 PMCID: PMC6014264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural waste obtained from Elaeis guineensis mid ribs can provide a veritable source of materials which can be used as precursor materials for the production of pharmaceutical grade activated charcoal. The pore size and surface morphology of activated charcoal defines the types of molecules that could be adsorbed unto it, as surface morphology plays a significant role in determining the surface availability and areas of adsorption. The activated charcoal samples prepared from Elaeis guineensis via either physical or chemical activation was characterized via surface area using the BET method and subsequently pore structure and size analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physically activated Elaeis guineensis fronds activated with nitrogen gas had wide spread microporosity with micropore volume of 0.232 cc/g compared to the chemically activated with 1M and 3M phosphoric acid respectively. The commercial activated charcoal/metronidazole combination in the in vitro-pharmacodynamic model reflected no re-growth after 4 hours, however for charcoal formulated from Elaeis guineensis via chemical activation with 3M phosphoric acid and metronidazole no regrowth was seen at the second hour and this was maintained throughout the duration of the experiment. Increased macroporosity enhanced bacterial adsorption and this was further facilitated by the presence of antibacterial metronidazole in the in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Activated charcoal produced from agricultural waste obtained from Elaeis guineensis dried mid ribs consisting of increased macroporosity with mixed meso/micro porosity and antibacterial metronidazole form the best model for bacterial adsorption and will be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by E. coli O157:H7.
Collapse
|
6
|
Imamoglu M, Yıldız H, Altundag H, Turhan Y. Efficient Removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution by Dehydrated Hazelnut Husk Carbon. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.890109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Imamoglu
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Hulya Yıldız
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Altundag
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Turhan
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences , Balıkesir University , Balıkesir , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|