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Thamaraiselvan C, Manderfeld E, Kleinberg MN, Rosenhahn A, Arnusch CJ. Superhydrophobic Candle Soot as a Low Fouling Stable Coating on Water Treatment Membrane Feed Spacers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4191-4200. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan
- The Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Emily Manderfeld
- Analytical Chemistry—Biointerfaces, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maurício Nunes Kleinberg
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry—Biointerfaces, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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Jiang B, Hu B, Yang N, Zhang L, Sun Y, Xiao X. Study of Turbulence Promoters in Prolonging Membrane Life. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:268. [PMID: 33917725 PMCID: PMC8068148 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration membrane technology is an effective method for secondary treated sewage purification. However, membrane fouling, which is inevitable in the membrane-separation process, can reduce membrane performance and shorten membrane life. Installing a turbulence promoter is a promising means of improving the hydraulic conditions inside the membrane chamber. In this study, the effect of turbulence promoter on prolonging membrane life was studied for the first time. Flat-sheet polyethersulfone nanofiltration membrane was used to filter humic acid solution, used for simulating secondary treated sewage. By comparing photographs and SEM images of the membrane before and after the simulated secondary treated sewage filtration, it was found that humic acid tended to be deposited on the low-velocity region, which was reflected by COMSOL simulation. After incorporating a turbulence promoter, the reduction of the humic acid deposition area and membrane fouling resistance indicated that the turbulence promoter could reduce membrane fouling due to the improved hydraulic conditions. Additionally, the turbulence promoter also increased the flux and reduced the flux decay rate. The turbulence promoter was then place in the crossflow flat-sheet membrane filtration module, and the variation of flux with time was tested in simulated secondary treated sewage with different concentrations. The results showed that the membrane life for the filtration of simulated secondary treated sewage comprising 50, 250, and 500 ppm humic acid increased by 23.1%, 80.4%, and 85.7%, respectively. The results of this article can serve as a reference for the prediction of membrane life and the performance enhancement mechanism of membranes containing a turbulence promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoming Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.J.); (B.H.); (N.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
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6
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Impact of Modified Spacer on Flow Pattern in Narrow Spacer-Filled Channels for Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A modified spacer, which was constructed with arched filaments and zigzag filaments, was designed to improve vortex shedding and generate a directional change in flow patterns of membrane modules, especially in the vicinity of the feed spacer filament, which is most affected by fouling. A unit cell was investigated by using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for hydrodynamic simulation. The results of CFD simulations were carried out for the fluid flow in order to understand the effect of the modified spacer on vortices to the performance of arched filaments at different distances. From 2D velocity vectors and shear stress contour mixing, the flow pattern and dead zone flushing were depicted. The ratio of low shear stress area to the total area increased with the inlet velocity closed to 20%. The energy consumption with respect to flow direction for the arched filament was 80% lower than that in the zigzag filament. Compared with previous commercial spacers’ simulation, the friction factor was lower when the main flow was normal to the arched filament and the modified friction factor was close to the commercial spacers. The homogenization was realized through the flow pattern created by the modified spacer.
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7
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Kerdi S, Qamar A, Vrouwenvelder JS, Ghaffour N. Fouling resilient perforated feed spacers for membrane filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 140:211-219. [PMID: 29715645 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of feed spacers with optimal geometry remains a key challenge for spiral-wound membrane systems in water treatment due to their impact on the hydrodynamic performance and fouling development. In this work, novel spacer designs are proposed by intrinsically modifying cylindrical filaments through perforations. Three symmetric perforated spacers (1-Hole, 2-Hole, and 3-Hole) were in-house 3D-printed and experimentally evaluated in terms of permeate flux, feed channel pressure drop and membrane fouling. Spacer performance is characterized and compared with standard no perforated (0-Hole) design under constant feed pressure and constant feed flow rate. Perforations in the spacer filaments resulted in significantly lowering the net pressure drop across the spacer filled channel. The 3-Hole spacer was found to have the lowest pressure drop (50%-61%) compared to 0-Hole spacer for various average flow velocities. Regarding permeate flux production, the 0-Hole spacer produced 5.7 L m-2.h-1 and 6.6 L m-2.h-1 steady state flux for constant pressure and constant feed flow rate, respectively. The 1-Hole spacer was found to be the most efficient among the perforated spacers with 75% and 23% increase in permeate production at constant pressure and constant feed flow, respectively. Furthermore, membrane surface of 1-Hole spacer was found to be cleanest in terms of fouling, contributing to maintain higher permeate flux production. Hydrodynamic understanding of these perforated spacers is also quantified by performing Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). The performance enhancement of these perforated spacers is attributed to the formation of micro-jets in the spacer cell that aided in producing enough unsteadiness/turbulence to clean the membrane surface and mitigate fouling phenomena. In the case of 1-Hole spacer, the unsteadiness intensity at the outlet of micro-jets and the shear stress fluctuations created inside the cells are higher than those observed with other perforated spacers, resulting in the cleanest membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kerdi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Qamar
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Takizawa Y, Inukai S, Araki T, Cruz-Silva R, Ortiz-Medina J, Morelos-Gomez A, Tejima S, Yamanaka A, Obata M, Nakaruk A, Takeuchi K, Hayashi T, Terrones M, Endo M. Effective Antiscaling Performance of Reverse-Osmosis Membranes Made of Carbon Nanotubes and Polyamide Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6047-6055. [PMID: 31458794 PMCID: PMC6644365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The antiscaling properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-polyamide (PA) nanocomposite reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination membranes (MWCNT-PA membranes) were studied. An aqueous solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was used to precipitate in situ calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to emulate scaling. The MWCNT contents of the studied nanocomposite membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization ranged from 0 wt % (plain PA) to 25 wt %. The inorganic antiscaling performances were compared for the MWCNT-PA membranes to laboratory-made plain and commercial PA-based RO membranes. The scaling process on the membrane surface was monitored by fluorescence microscopy after labeling the scale with a fluorescent dye. The deposited scale on the MWCNT-PA membrane was less abundant and more easily detached by the shear stress under cross-flow compared to other membranes. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the attraction of Ca2+ ions was hindered by the interfacial water layer formed on the surface of the MWCNT-PA membrane. Together, our findings revealed that the observed outstanding antiscaling performance of MWCNT-PA membranes results from (i) a smooth surface morphology, (ii) a low surface charge, and (iii) the formation of an interfacial water layer. The MWCNT-PA membranes described herein are advantageous for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takizawa
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeki Inukai
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takumi Araki
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Research
Organization for Information Science & Technology, 2-32-3, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Cruz-Silva
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Josue Ortiz-Medina
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Aaron Morelos-Gomez
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Syogo Tejima
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Research
Organization for Information Science & Technology, 2-32-3, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamanaka
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Research
Organization for Information Science & Technology, 2-32-3, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
| | - Michiko Obata
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Auppatham Nakaruk
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Department
of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department
of Chemistry. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Global Aqua Innovation Center and Institute of Carbon Science and
Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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