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de Moraes NP, Dos Santos RDM, Gouvêa MEV, de Siervo A, da Silva Rocha R, Reddy DA, Lianqing Y, de Vasconcelos Lanza MR, Rodrigues LA. Solar-based photocatalytic ozonation employing novel S-scheme ZnO/Cu 2O/CuO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst: effect of pH, salinity, turbidity, and temperature on salicylic acid degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98211-98230. [PMID: 37606781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes the study of a solar-based photocatalytic ozonation process for the degradation of salicylic acid (SA) using a novel S-scheme ZnO/Cu2O/CuO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst. The incorporation of CuO and Cu2O aims to enhance charge mobility through the formation of p-n heterojunctions with ZnO, whereas the carbon xerogel (XC) was selected due to its eco-friendly nature, capacity to stabilize S-scheme heterojunctions as a solid-state electron mediator, and ability to function as a reducing agent under high temperatures. The characterization of the composites demonstrates that the presence of the XC during the calcination step led to the reduction of a fraction of the CuO into Cu2O, forming a ternary semiconductor heterojunction system. In terms of photocatalysis, the XC/ZnO-CuxO 5% composite achieved the best efficiency for salicylic acid degradation, mainly due to the stabilization of the S-scheme charge transfer pathway between the ZnO/CuO/Cu2O semiconductors by the XC. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal during heterogeneous photocatalysis was 80% for the solar-based process and 68% for the visible light process, after 300 min. The solar-based photocatalytic ozonation process was highly successful regarding the degradation of SA, achieving a 75% increase in the apparent reaction rate constant when compared to heterogeneous photocatalysis. Furthermore, a 78% TOC removal was achieved after 150 min, which is half the time required by the heterogeneous photocatalysis to obtain the same result. Temperature, salinity, and turbidity had major effects on the efficiency of the photocatalytic ozonation process; the system's pH did not cause any major performance variation, which holds relevance for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Perciani de Moraes
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trab. São Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Abner de Siervo
- "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson da Silva Rocha
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena-EEL/USP, Estrada Municipal do Campinho S/N, 12602-810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Devulapalli Amaranatha Reddy
- Department of Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, 518007, India
| | - Yu Lianqing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trab. São Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liana Alvares Rodrigues
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena-EEL/USP, Estrada Municipal do Campinho S/N, 12602-810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Moraes NP, Sanmartin MBDC, da Silva Rocha R, de Siervo A, de Vasconcelos Lanza MR, Reddy DA, Lianqing Y, Rodrigues LA. ZnO/CeO2/Carbon xerogel composites with direct Z-scheme heterojunctions: Enhancing the photocatalytic remediation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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