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Chan TT, Heinrich S, Grabe J, Dosta M. Microscale Modeling of Frozen Particle Fluid Systems with a Bonded-Particle Model Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8505. [PMID: 36500005 PMCID: PMC9739081 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An inventive microscale simulation approach is applied to investigate the mechanics of frozen particle fluid systems (PFS). The simulation is based on the discrete element method (DEM) and bonded-particle model (BPM) approach. Discrete particles connected by solid bonds represent frozen agglomerates. Uniaxial compression experiments were performed to gather data for material modeling and further simulation model validation. Different typical mechanical behavior (brittle, ductile, dilatant) were reviewed regarding strain rates, saturation levels, and particle mechanical or surface properties. Among all these factors, strain rate significantly affects the mechanical behavior and properties of the agglomerates. A new solid bond model considering strain-dependent and time-dependent behavior is developed for describing the rheology of the frozen particle fluid systems. Without alternating Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the bond material, the developed solid model provides a suitable agreement with the experimental results regarding different strain rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Tung Chan
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grabe
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Construction Management, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maksym Dosta
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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Middleton CA, Grindrod PM, Sammonds PR. The effect of rock particles and D2O replacement on the flow behaviour of ice. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2015.0349. [PMID: 28025298 PMCID: PMC5179959 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ice-rock mixtures are found in a range of natural terrestrial and planetary environments. To understand how flow processes occur in these environments, laboratory-derived properties can be extrapolated to natural conditions through flow laws. Here, deformation experiments have been carried out on polycrystalline samples of pure ice, ice-rock and D2O-ice-rock mixtures at temperatures of 263, 253 and 233 K, confining pressure of 0 and 48 MPa, rock fraction of 0-50 vol.% and strain-rates of 5 × 10-7 to 5 × 10-5 s-1 Both the presence of rock particles and replacement of H2O by D2O increase bulk strength. Calculated flow law parameters for ice and H2O-ice-rock are similar to literature values at equivalent conditions, except for the value of the rock fraction exponent, here found to be 1. D2O samples are 1.8 times stronger than H2O samples, probably due to the higher mass of deuterons when compared with protons. A gradual transition between dislocation creep and grain-size-sensitive deformation at the lowest strain-rates in ice and ice-rock samples is suggested. These results demonstrate that flow laws can be found to describe ice-rock behaviour, and should be used in modelling of natural processes, but that further work is required to constrain parameters and mechanisms for the observed strength enhancement.This article is part of the themed issue 'Microdynamics of ice'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Middleton
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/03, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Non Linear Physical Chemistry Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter M Grindrod
- Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Peter R Sammonds
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Placidi L, Hutter K, Faria SH. A Critical Review of the Mechanics of Polycrystalline Polar Ice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/gamm.201490025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hillier J, Squyres SW. Thermal stress tectonics on the satellites of Saturn and Uranus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91je01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thomas PJ, Schubert G. Power Law Rheology of Ice and the Relaxation Style and Retention of Craters on Ganymede. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb093ib11p13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Duncan-Hewitt WC. Uniaxial Compaction Modelled using the Properties of Single Crystals. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049309047190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bennett K, Wenk HR, Durham WB, Stern LA, Kirby SH. Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418619708209983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Barr AC, Pappalardo RT. Onset of convection in the icy Galilean satellites: Influence of rheology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Barr AC. Convective instability in ice I with non-Newtonian rheology: Application to the icy Galilean satellites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Three techniques have been used to study dislocations in ice: etch pitting-replication, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray topography (XT). It is shown that, because ice is a weak absorber of X-rays and can be produced with a low dislocation density, allowing relatively thick specimens to be studied, the most useful technique is XT. The observations that have been made with conventional XT are briefly outlined. However, the introduction of high-intensity synchrotron radiation, with its concomitant short exposure times, showed that images obtained through conventional XT observations were of dislocations that had undergone recovery. The important dynamic observations and measurements that have been made using synchrotron X-ray topography are presented. Dynamic synchrotron X-ray topography observations of ice single crystals undergoing deformation in situ have shown that slip mainly occurs by the movement of screw and 60 degrees (1/3) [1120] dislocations on the basal plane, although non-basal slip by edge dislocations can also occur. The operation of Frank-Read and other dislocation multiplication sources have been clearly demonstrated and dislocation velocities have been measured. In contrast, in polycrystals, dislocation generation occurred at grain boundaries where there are stress concentrations before lattice dislocation generation mechanisms operate. Faulted dislocation loops have been determined to be mainly interstitial in both polycrystals and single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Baker
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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Durham WB, Kirby SH, Stern LA, Zhang W. The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William B. Durham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California; Livermore California USA
| | | | | | - Wu Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California; Livermore California USA
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Durham WB, Stern LA, Kirby SH. Rheology of ice I at low stress and elevated confining pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deschamps F, Sotin C. Thermal convection in the outer shell of large icy satellites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mellon MT. Small-scale polygonal features on Mars: Seasonal thermal contraction cracks in permafrost. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97je02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Baker
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Durham WB, Kirby SH, Stern LA. Creep of water ices at planetary conditions: A compilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97je00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Duncan-Hewitt W. Modeling the Compression Behavior of ParticleAssemblies from the Mechanical Properties of Individual Particles. DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1995. [DOI: 10.1201/b14207-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Deformation induced recrystallization of ice: The application of in situ experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/gm036p0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Croft SK. A proposed origin for palimpsests and anomalous pit craters on Ganymede and Callisto. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jb088is01p00b71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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