1
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Borgeaud Dit Avocat DP, Yang H, Nitsche A, Wenger J, Yoder BL, Signorell R. Out-of-focus spatial map imaging of magnetically deflected sodium ammonia clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16972-16979. [PMID: 38842057 PMCID: PMC11186454 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces out-of-focus spatial map imaging (SMI) as a detection method for magnetic deflection of molecular/cluster beams, using Nam(NH3)n to illustrate its capabilities. This method enables imaging of the complete spatial distribution, simplifying measurements and allowing for cluster-size-resolved analysis by shifting away from traditional in-focus SMI conditions. Incorporating out-of-focus SMI with TOF-MS and velocity map imaging into a single setup allows for direct assessment of clusters' magnetic moments without needing to pre-select velocities. Key findings include a slower relaxation for Na(NH3)4 compared to Na(NH3)3 and Na(NH3)5, unexpectedly high deflection for larger clusters up to Na(NH3)9, hinting at changes in cluster dynamics as the first solvation shell closes. The study also covers the first measurements of Na2(NH3)1 and Na3(NH3)n, showing distinct deflection behaviors and underscoring the improved capabilities of the new detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - A Nitsche
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - B L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - R Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Dey S, Folkestad SD, Paul AC, Koch H, Krylov AI. Core-ionization spectrum of liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1845-1859. [PMID: 38174659 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02499g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We present state-of-the-art calculations of the core-ionization spectrum of water. Despite significant progress in procedures developed to mitigate various experimental complications and uncertainties, the experimental determination of ionization energies of solvated species involves several non-trivial steps such as assessing the effect of the surface potential, electrolytes, and finite escape depths of photoelectrons. This provides a motivation to obtain robust theoretical values of the intrinsic bulk ionization energy and the corresponding solvent-induced shift. Here we develop theoretical protocols based on coupled-cluster theory and electrostatic embedding. Our value of the intrinsic solvent-induced shift of the 1sO ionization energy of water is -1.79 eV. The computed absolute position and the width of the 1sO peak in photoelectron spectrum of water are 538.47 eV and 1.44 eV, respectively, agreeing well with the best experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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3
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Gao HW, Choi HW, Hui J, Chen WJ, Kocheril GS, Wang LS. On the electronic structure and spin-orbit coupling of BiB from photoelectron imaging of cryogenically-cooled BiB- anion. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114301. [PMID: 37712786 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a study on the electronic structure and chemical bonding of the BiB molecule using high-resolution photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled BiB- anion. By eliminating all the vibrational hot bands, we can resolve the complicated detachment transitions due to the open-shell nature of BiB and the strong spin-orbit coupling. The electron affinity of BiB is measured to be 2.010(1) eV. The ground state of BiB- is determined to be 2Π(3/2) with a σ2π3 valence electron configuration, while the ground state of BiB is found to be 3Σ-(0+) with a σ2π2 electron configuration. Eight low-lying spin-orbit excited states [3Σ-(1), 1Δ(2), 1Σ+(0+), 3Π(2), 3Π(1), 1Π(1)], including two forbidden transitions, [3Π(0-) and 3Π(0+)], are observed for BiB as a result of electron detachment from the σ and π orbitals of BiB-. The angular distribution information from the photoelectron imaging is found to be critical to distinguish detachment transitions from the σ or π orbital for the spectral assignment. This study provides a wealth of information about the low-lying electronic states and spin-orbit coupling of BiB, demonstrating the importance of cryogenic cooling for obtaining well-resolved photoelectron spectra for size-selected clusters produced from a laser vaporization cluster source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Hyun Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Jie Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - G Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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4
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Boichenko AN, Bochenkova AV. Accurate Vertical Electron Detachment Energies and Multiphoton Resonant Photoelectron Spectra of Biochromophore Anions in Aqueous Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37146177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new methodology for calculating vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs) of biologically relevant chromophores in their deprotonated anionic forms in aqueous solution. It combines a large-scale mixed DFT/EFP/MD approach with the high-level multireference perturbation theory XMCQDPT2 and the Effective Fragment Potential (EFP) method. The methodology includes a multiscale flexible treatment of inner (∼1000 water molecules) and outer (∼18000 water molecules) water shells around a charged solute, capturing both the effects of specific solvation and the properties of bulk water. VDEs are calculated as a function of system size for getting a converged value at the DFT/EFP level of theory. The XMCQDPT2/EFP approach, adapted for calculating VDEs, supports the DFT/EFP results. When corrected for a solvent polarization contribution, the XMCQDPT2/EFP method yields the most accurate estimate to date of the first VDE for aqueous phenolate (7.3 ± 0.1 eV), which agrees well with liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data (7.1 ± 0.1 eV). We show that the geometry of the water shell and its size are essential for accurate VDE calculations of aqueous phenolate and its biologically relevant derivatives. By simulating photoelectron spectra of aqueous phenolate upon two-photon excitation at wavelengths resonant with the S0 → S1 transition, we also provide interpretation of recent multiphoton UV liquid-microjet photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. We show that its first VDE is consistent with our estimate of 7.3 eV, when experimental two-photon binding energies are corrected for the resonant contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N Boichenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Kocheril GS, Gao HW, Wang LS. Vibrationally- and rotationally-resolved photoelectron imaging of cryogenically-cooled SbO 2–. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2182610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Han-Wen Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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6
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Ru B, Sanov A. Photoelectron Spectra of Hot Polyatomic Ions: A Statistical Treatment of Phenide. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9423-9439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Ru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
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7
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Woodhouse JL, Henley A, Lewin R, Ward JM, Hailes HC, Bochenkova AV, Fielding HH. A photoelectron imaging study of the deprotonated GFP chromophore anion and RNA fluorescent tags. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19911-19922. [PMID: 34474467 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01901e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP), together with its family of variants, is the most widely used fluorescent protein for in vivo imaging. Numerous spectroscopic studies of the isolated GFP chromophore have been aimed at understanding the electronic properties of GFP. Here, we build on earlier work [A. V. Bochenkova, C. Mooney, M. A. Parkes, J. Woodhouse, L. Zhang, R. Lewin, J. M. Ward, H. Hailes, L. H. Andersen and H. H. Fielding, Chem. Sci., 2017, 8, 3154] investigating the impact of fluorine and methoxy substituents that have been employed to tune the electronic structure of the GFP chromophore for use as fluorescent RNA tags. We present photoelectron spectra following photoexcitation over a broad range of wavelengths (364-230 nm) together with photoelectron angular distributions following photoexcitation at 364 nm, which are interpreted with the aid of quantum chemistry calculations. The results support the earlier high-level quantum chemistry calculations that predicted how fluorine and methoxy substituents tune the electronic structure and we find evidence to suggest that the methoxy substituents enhance internal conversion, most likely from the 2ππ* state which has predominantly Feshbach resonance character, to the 1ππ* state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Woodhouse
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Alice Henley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Ross Lewin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - John M Ward
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | | | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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8
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Bouakline F, Saalfrank P. Seemingly asymmetric atom-localized electronic densities following laser-dissociation of homonuclear diatomics. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234305. [PMID: 34241262 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments on laser-dissociation of aligned homonuclear diatomic molecules show an asymmetric forward-backward (spatial) electron-localization along the laser polarization axis. Most theoretical models attribute this asymmetry to interference effects between gerade and ungerade vibronic states. Presumably due to alignment, these models neglect molecular rotations and hence infer an asymmetric (post-dissociation) charge distribution over the two identical nuclei. In this paper, we question the equivalence that is made between spatial electron-localization, observed in experiments, and atomic electron-localization, alluded by these theoretical models. We show that (seeming) agreement between these models and experiments is due to an unfortunate omission of nuclear permutation symmetry, i.e., quantum statistics. Enforcement of the latter requires mandatory inclusion of the molecular rotational degree of freedom, even for perfectly aligned molecules. Unlike previous interpretations, we ascribe spatial electron-localization to the laser creation of a rovibronic wavepacket that involves field-free molecular eigenstates with opposite space-inversion symmetry i.e., even and odd parity. Space-inversion symmetry breaking would then lead to an asymmetric distribution of the (space-fixed) electronic density over the forward and backward hemisphere. However, owing to the simultaneous coexistence of two indistinguishable molecular orientational isomers, our analytical and computational results show that the post-dissociation electronic density along a specified space-fixed axis is equally shared between the two identical nuclei-a result that is in perfect accordance with the principle of the indistinguishability of identical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foudhil Bouakline
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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9
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Anstöter CS, Verlet JRR. Modeling the Photoelectron Angular Distributions of Molecular Anions: Roles of the Basis Set, Orbital Choice, and Geometry. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4888-4895. [PMID: 34042462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A study investigating the effect of the basis set, orbital choice, and geometry on the modeling of photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) of molecular anions is presented. Experimental and modeled PADs for a number of molecular anions, including both closed- and open-shell systems, are considered. Guidelines are suggested for chemists who wish to design calculations to capture the correct chemical physics of the anisotropy of photodetachment, while balancing the computational cost associated with larger molecular anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate S Anstöter
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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10
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Gozem S, Krylov AI. The
ezSpectra
suite: An easy‐to‐use toolkit for spectroscopy modeling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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11
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Mason JL, Folluo CN, Jarrold CC. More than little fragments of matter: Electronic and molecular structures of clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:200901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0054222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Carley N. Folluo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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12
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Anstöter CS, Verlet JRR. Photoelectron imaging of the SO 3 anion: vibrational resolution in photoelectron angular distributions*. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1821921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Corkish TR, Haakansson CT, Watson PD, McKinley AJ, Wild DA. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Structures of X - ⋅⋅⋅CH 2 O (X=F, Cl, Br, I) Complexes. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:69-75. [PMID: 33184977 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical approach has been used to investigate X- ⋅⋅⋅CH2 O (X=F, Cl, Br, I) complexes in the gas phase. Photoelectron spectroscopy, in tandem with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, has been used to determine electron binding energies for the Cl- ⋅⋅⋅CH2 O, Br- ⋅⋅⋅CH2 O, and I- ⋅⋅⋅CH2 O species. Additionally, high-level CCSD(T) calculations found a C2v minimum for these three anion complexes, with predicted electron detachment energies in excellent agreement with the experimental photoelectron spectra. F- ⋅⋅⋅CH2 O was also studied theoretically, with a Cs hydrogen-bonded complex found to be the global minimum. Calculations extended to neutral X⋅⋅⋅CH2 O complexes, with the results of potential interest to atmospheric CH2 O chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Corkish
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Christian T Haakansson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter D Watson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Allan J McKinley
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Duncan A Wild
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
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15
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Gozem S, Seidel R, Hergenhahn U, Lugovoy E, Abel B, Winter B, Krylov AI, Bradforth SE. Probing the Electronic Structure of Bulk Water at the Molecular Length Scale with Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5162-5170. [PMID: 32479725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of bulk water photoionization. Angular distributions of photoelectrons produced by ionizing the valence bands of neat water using X-ray radiation (250-750 eV) show a limited (∼20%) decrease in the β anisotropy parameter compared to the gas phase, indicating that the electronic structure of the individual water molecules can be probed. We show that, in the high-energy regime, photoionization of bulk can be described using an incoherent superposition of individual molecules, in contrast to a low-energy regime where photoionization probes delocalized entangled states of molecular aggregates. The two regimes-low versus high energy-are limiting cases where the de Broglie wavelength of the photoelectron is larger or smaller than the intermolecular distance between water molecules, respectively. The comparison of measured and computed anisotropies reveals that the reduction in β at high kinetic energies is mostly due to scattering rather than rehybridization due to solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Department of Functional Surfaces, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeny Lugovoy
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Department of Functional Surfaces, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Linnéstrasse 3, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Department of Functional Surfaces, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Linnéstrasse 3, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen E Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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16
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Cheung LF, Czekner J, Kocheril GS, Wang LS. High-resolution photoelectron imaging of MnB 3 -: Probing the bonding between the aromatic B 3 cluster and 3d transition metals. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244306. [PMID: 32610950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The B3 triangular unit is a fundamental bonding motif in all boron compounds and nanostructures. The isolated B3 - cluster has a D3h structure with double σ and π aromaticity. Here, we report an investigation of the bonding between a B3 cluster and a 3d transition metal using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry. Photoelectron spectra of MnB3 - are obtained at six different photon energies, revealing rich vibrational information for the ground state detachment transition. The electron affinity of MnB3 is determined to be 1.6756(8) eV, and the most Franck-Condon-active mode observed has a measured frequency of 415(6) cm-1 due to the Mn-B3 stretch. Theoretical calculations show that MnB3 - has a C2v planar structure, with Mn coordinated to one side of the triangular B3 unit. The ground states of MnB3 - (6B2) and MnB3 (5B2) are found to have high spin multiplicity with a significant decrease in the Mn-B bond distances in the neutral due to the detachment of an Mn-B3 anti-bonding electron. The Mn atom is shown to have weak interactions with the B3 unit, which maintains its double aromaticity with relatively small structural changes from the bare B3 cluster. The bonding in MnB3 is compared with that in 5d MB3 clusters, where the strong metal-B3 interactions strongly change the structures and bonding in the B3 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - G Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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17
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Cheung LF, Kocheril GS, Czekner J, Wang LS. The nature of the chemical bonding in 5d transition-metal diatomic borides MB (M = Ir, Pt, Au). J Chem Phys 2020; 152:174301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0008484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - G. Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Ning CG, Wang LS. Double- and multi-slit interference in photodetachment from nanometer organic molecular anions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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19
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Woodhouse JL, Henley A, Parkes MA, Fielding HH. Photoelectron Imaging and Quantum Chemistry Study of Phenolate, Difluorophenolate, and Dimethoxyphenolate Anions. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2709-2718. [PMID: 30848907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Woodhouse
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - Alice Henley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - Michael A. Parkes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - Helen H. Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
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20
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Cheung LF, Czekner J, Kocheril GS, Wang LS. High resolution photoelectron imaging of boron-bismuth binary clusters: Bi2Bn− (n = 2–4). J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - G. Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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21
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Watabe Y, Miyazaki T, Ozama E, Takayanagi T, Suzuki YI. Theoretical calculations of photoelectron spectrum of (Au–CO2)− anion. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Czekner J, Cheung LF, Johnson EL, Fortenberry RC, Wang LS. A high-resolution photoelectron imaging and theoretical study of CP−and C2P−. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Eric L. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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23
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Johnston MD, Pearson WL, Wang G, Metz RB. A velocity map imaging mass spectrometer for photofragments of fast ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:014102. [PMID: 29390723 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the details of a fast ion velocity map imaging mass spectrometer that is capable of imaging the photofragments of trap-cooled (≥7 K) ions produced in a versatile ion source. The new instrument has been used to study the predissociation of N2O+ produced by electric discharge and the direct dissociation of Al2+ formed by laser ablation. The instrument's resolution is currently limited by the diameter of the collimating iris to a value of Δv/v = 7.6%. Photofragment images of N2O+ show that when the predissociative state is changed from 2Σ+(200) to 2Σ+(300) the dominant product channel shifts from a spin-forbidden ground state, N (4S) + NO+(v = 5), to a spin-allowed pathway, N*(2D) + NO+. The first photofragment images of Al2+ confirm the existence of a directly dissociative parallel transition (2Σ+u ← 2Σ+g) that yields products with a large amount of kinetic energy. D0 of ground state Al2+ (2Σ+g) measured from these images is 138 ± 5 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M David Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Wright L Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Greg Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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24
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Orms N, Krylov AI. Modeling Photoelectron Spectra of CuO, Cu2O, and CuO2 Anions with Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Methods: An Adventure in Fock Space. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:3653-3664. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Orms
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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25
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Kregel SJ, Thurston GK, Zhou J, Garand E. A multi-plate velocity-map imaging design for high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:094201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Kregel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Glen K. Thurston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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26
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Dauletyarov Y, Dixon AR, Wallace AA, Sanov A. Electron affinity and excited states of methylglyoxal. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013934. [PMID: 28688447 DOI: 10.1063/1.4982948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, we characterized the anion of methylglyoxal (X2A″ electronic state) and three lowest electronic states of the neutral methylglyoxal molecule: the closed-shell singlet ground state (X1A'), the lowest triplet state (a3A″), and the open-shell singlet state (A1A″). The adiabatic electron affinity (EA) of the ground state, EA(X1A') = 0.87(1) eV, spectroscopically determined for the first time, compares to 1.10(2) eV for unsubstituted glyoxal. The EAs (adiabatic attachment energies) of two excited states of methylglyoxal were also determined: EA(a3A″) = 3.27(2) eV and EA(A1A″) = 3.614(9) eV. The photodetachment of the anion to each of these two states produces the neutral species near the respective structural equilibria; hence, the a3A″ ← X2A″ and A1A″ ← X2A″ photodetachment transitions are dominated by intense peaks at their respective origins. The lowest-energy photodetachment transition, on the other hand, involves significant geometry relaxation in the X1A' state, which corresponds to a 60° internal rotation of the methyl group, compared to the anion structure. Accordingly, the X1A' ← X2A″ transition is characterized as a broad, congested band, whose vertical detachment energy, VDE = 1.20(4) eV, significantly exceeds the adiabatic EA. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the ab initio predictions using several equation-of-motion methodologies, combined with coupled-cluster theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbolat Dauletyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Andrew R Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Adam A Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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27
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Chandler DW, Houston PL, Parker DH. Perspective: Advanced particle imaging. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013601. [PMID: 28688442 PMCID: PMC5648558 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first ion imaging experiment [D. W. Chandler and P. L. Houston, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 1445-1447 (1987)], demonstrating the capability of collecting an image of the photofragments from a unimolecular dissociation event and analyzing that image to obtain the three-dimensional velocity distribution of the fragments, the efficacy and breadth of application of the ion imaging technique have continued to improve and grow. With the addition of velocity mapping, ion/electron centroiding, and slice imaging techniques, the versatility and velocity resolution have been unmatched. Recent improvements in molecular beam, laser, sensor, and computer technology are allowing even more advanced particle imaging experiments, and eventually we can expect multi-mass imaging with co-variance and full coincidence capability on a single shot basis with repetition rates in the kilohertz range. This progress should further enable "complete" experiments-the holy grail of molecular dynamics-where all quantum numbers of reactants and products of a bimolecular scattering event are fully determined and even under our control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, Combustion Research Facility, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Paul L Houston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - David H Parker
- Department of Laser and Molecular Physics, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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28
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Jagau TC, Bravaya KB, Krylov AI. Extending Quantum Chemistry of Bound States to Electronic Resonances. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2017; 68:525-553. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas-C. Jagau
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ksenia B. Bravaya
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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29
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Krylov AI. The Quantum Chemistry of Open-Shell Species. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119356059.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA United States
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30
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Gunina AO, Krylov AI. Probing Electronic Wave Functions of Sodium-Doped Clusters: Dyson Orbitals, Anisotropy Parameters, and Ionization Cross-Sections. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9841-9856. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia O. Gunina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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31
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32
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Weichman ML, DeVine JA, Neumark DM. High-resolution photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled Fe4O− and Fe5O−. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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33
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Berkdemir C, Gunaratne KDD, Cheng SB, Castleman AW. Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of niobium mononitride anion NbN−. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:034301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4955299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Berkdemir
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - K. Don Dasitha Gunaratne
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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34
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Stavros VG, Verlet JRR. Gas-Phase Femtosecond Particle Spectroscopy: A Bottom-Up Approach to Nucleotide Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:211-32. [PMID: 26980306 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We summarize how gas-phase ultrafast charged-particle spectroscopy has been used to provide an understanding of the photophysics of DNA building blocks. We focus on adenine and discuss how, following UV excitation, specific interactions determine the fates of its excited states. The dynamics can be probed using a systematic bottom-up approach that provides control over these interactions and that allows ever-larger complexes to be studied. Starting from a chromophore in adenine, the excited state decay mechanisms of adenine and chemically substituted or clustered adenine are considered and then extended to adenosine mono-, di-, and trinucleotides. We show that the gas-phase approach can offer exquisite insight into the dynamics observed in aqueous solution, but we also highlight stark differences. An outlook is provided that discusses some of the most promising developments in this bottom-up approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;
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35
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DeBlase AF, Wolke CT, Weddle GH, Archer KA, Jordan KD, Kelly JT, Tschumper GS, Hammer NI, Johnson MA. Water network-mediated, electron-induced proton transfer in [C5H5N ⋅ (H2O)n](-) clusters. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:144305. [PMID: 26472377 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of proton-assisted charge accommodation in electron capture by a heterocyclic electron scavenger is investigated through theoretical analysis of the vibrational spectra of cold, gas phase [Py ⋅ (H2O)n=3-5](-) clusters. These radical anions are formed when an excess electron is attached to water clusters containing a single pyridine (Py) molecule in a supersonic jet ion source. Under these conditions, the cluster ion distribution starts promptly at n = 3, and the photoelectron spectra, combined with vibrational predissociation spectra of the Ar-tagged anions, establish that for n > 3, these species are best described as hydrated hydroxide ions with the neutral pyridinium radical, PyH((0)), occupying one of the primary solvation sites of the OH(-). The n = 3 cluster appears to be a special case where charge localization on Py and hydroxide is nearly isoenergetic, and the nature of this species is explored with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations of the trajectories that start from metastable arrangements of the anion based on a diffuse, essentially dipole-bound electron. These calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds via a relatively slow rearrangement of the water network to create a favorable hydration configuration around the water molecule that eventually donates a proton to the Py nitrogen atom to yield the product hydroxide ion. The correlation between the degree of excess charge localization and the evolving shape of the water network revealed by this approach thus provides a microscopic picture of the "solvent coordinate" at the heart of a prototypical proton-coupled electron transfer reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F DeBlase
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Conrad T Wolke
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gary H Weddle
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Kaye A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - John T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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36
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Liu Y, Ning C. Calculation of photodetachment cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions of negative ions using density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:144310. [PMID: 26472382 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the development of photoelectron velocity map imaging makes it much easier to obtain the photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) experimentally. However, explanations of PADs are only qualitative in most cases, and very limited works have been reported on how to calculate PAD of anions. In the present work, we report a method using the density-functional-theory Kohn-Sham orbitals to calculate the photodetachment cross sections and the anisotropy parameter β. The spherical average over all random molecular orientation is calculated analytically. A program which can handle both the Gaussian type orbital and the Slater type orbital has been coded. The testing calculations on Li(-), C(-), O(-), F(-), CH(-), OH(-), NH2 (-), O2 (-), and S2 (-) show that our method is an efficient way to calculate the photodetachment cross section and anisotropy parameter β for anions, thus promising for large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuangang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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37
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Jagau TC, Krylov AI. Characterizing metastable states beyond energies and lifetimes: Dyson orbitals and transition dipole moments. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:054113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4940797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas-C. Jagau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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38
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Gozem S, Gunina AO, Ichino T, Osborn DL, Stanton JF, Krylov AI. Photoelectron wave function in photoionization: plane wave or Coulomb wave? J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4532-4540. [PMID: 26509428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The calculation of absolute total cross sections requires accurate wave functions of the photoelectron and of the initial and final states of the system. The essential information contained in the latter two can be condensed into a Dyson orbital. We employ correlated Dyson orbitals and test approximate treatments of the photoelectron wave function, that is, plane and Coulomb waves, by comparing computed and experimental photoionization and photodetachment spectra. We find that in anions, a plane wave treatment of the photoelectron provides a good description of photodetachment spectra. For photoionization of neutral atoms or molecules with one heavy atom, the photoelectron wave function must be treated as a Coulomb wave to account for the interaction of the photoelectron with the +1 charge of the ionized core. For larger molecules, the best agreement with experiment is often achieved by using a Coulomb wave with a partial (effective) charge smaller than unity. This likely derives from the fact that the effective charge at the centroid of the Dyson orbital, which serves as the origin of the spherical wave expansion, is smaller than the total charge of a polyatomic cation. The results suggest that accurate molecular photoionization cross sections can be computed with a modified central potential model that accounts for the nonspherical charge distribution of the core by adjusting the charge in the center of the expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Anastasia O Gunina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Takatoshi Ichino
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - John F Stanton
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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39
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Dixon AR, Khuseynov D, Sanov A. Benzonitrile: Electron affinity, excited states, and anion solvation. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:134306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Dmitry Khuseynov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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40
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Jagau TC, Dao DB, Holtgrewe NS, Krylov AI, Mabbs R. Same but Different: Dipole-Stabilized Shape Resonances in CuF(-) and AgF(.). J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2786-2793. [PMID: 26266864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron attachment to closed-shell molecules is a gateway to various important processes in the gas and condensed phases. The properties of an electron-attached state, such as its energy and lifetime as well as the character of the molecular orbital to which the electron is attached, determine the fate of the anion. In this experimental and theoretical study of copper and silver fluoride anions, we introduce a new type of metastable anionic state. Abrupt changes in photoelectron angular distributions point to the existence of autodetaching states. Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles calculations augmented by a complex absorbing potential identify some of these states as Σ and Π dipole-stabilized resonances, a new type of shape resonance. In addition, these molecules support valence and dipole-bound states and a Σ resonance of charge-transfer character. By featuring five different types of anionic states, they provide a vehicle for studying fundamental properties of anions and for validating new theoretical approaches for metastable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas-C Jagau
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Diep B Dao
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nicholas S Holtgrewe
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Richard Mabbs
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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41
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Qu Z, Li C, Qin Z, Zheng X, Yao G, Zhang X, Cui Z. The design of double electrostatic-lens optics for resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and photoelectron imaging experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:063106. [PMID: 26133827 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to single ion/electron-optics for velocity-map imaging, a double-focusing lens assembly designed not only allows for mapping velocity imaging of photoelectrons but also allows for investigating the vibrational structure of the intermediate states of neutral species in resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra. In this presentation, in order to record REMPI and photoelectron spectra separately, we have constructed a compact photoelectron velocity-map imaging (VMI) apparatus combined with an opposite linear Wiley-Mclaren time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). A mass resolution (m/Δm) of ∼1300 for TOFMS and electron energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 2.4% for VMI have been achieved upon three-photon ionization of Xe atom at 258.00 nm laser wavelength. As a benchmark, in combination of one-color (1 + 1) REMPI and photoelectron imaging of benzene via 6(1) and 6(1)1(1) vibronic levels in the S1 state, the vibrational structures of the cation and photoelectron angular anisotropy are unraveled. In addition, two-color (1 + 1') REMPI and photoelectron imaging of aniline was used to complete the accurate measurement of ionization potential (62,271 ± 3 cm(-1)). The results suggest that the apparatus is a powerful tool for studying photoionization dynamics in the photoelectron imaging using vibrational-state selected excitation to the intermediate states of neutrals based on REMPI technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Qu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Guanxin Yao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhifeng Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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42
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Qin Z, Li C, Qu Z, Tang Z. Note: A simple method to suppress the artificial noise for velocity map imaging spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:046102. [PMID: 25933900 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple method has been proposed to suppress artificial noise from the counts with respect to the central line (or point) for the reconstructed 3D images with cylindrical symmetry in the velocity-map imaging spectroscopy. A raw 2D projection around the z-axis (usually referred to as central line) for photodetachment, photoionization, or photodissociation experiments is pre-processed via angular tailored method to avoid the signal counts distributed near the central line (or point). Two types of photoelectron velocity-map imaging (O(-) and Au(-)⋅NH3) are demonstrated to give rise to the 3D images with significantly reduced central line noise after pre-processing operation. The major advantages of the pre-operation are the ability of suppression of central-line noise to resolve weak structures or vibrational excitation in atoms or molecules near photon threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Qin
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Qu
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Lu YJ, Lehman JH, Lineberger WC. A versatile, pulsed anion source utilizing plasma-entrainment: characterization and applications. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044201. [PMID: 25637979 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pulsed anion source has been developed, using plasma entrainment into a supersonic expansion. A pulsed discharge source perpendicular to the main gas expansion greatly reduces unwanted "heating" of the main expansion, a major setback in many pulsed anion sources in use today. The design principles and construction information are described and several examples demonstrate the range of applicability of this anion source. Large OH(-)(Ar)n clusters can be generated, with over 40 Ar solvating OH(-). The solvation energy of OH(-)(Ar)n, where n = 1-3, 7, 12, and 18, is derived from photoelectron spectroscopy and shows that by n = 12-18, each Ar is bound by about 10 meV. In addition, cis- and trans- HOCO(-) are generated through rational anion synthesis (OH(-) + CO + M → HOCO(-) + M) and the photoelectron spectra compared with previous results. These results, along with several further proof-of-principle experiments on solvation and transient anion synthesis, demonstrate the ability of this source to efficiently produce cold anions. With modifications to two standard General Valve assemblies and very little maintenance, this anion source provides a versatile and straightforward addition to a wide array of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lu
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Julia H Lehman
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W Carl Lineberger
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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León I, Yang Z, Wang LS. Probing the electronic structure and Au-C chemical bonding in AuC2(-) and AuC2 using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:084303. [PMID: 24588165 DOI: 10.1063/1.4865978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and high-resolution PE imaging of AuC2(-) at a wide range of photon energies. The ground state of AuC2(-) is found to be linear (C∞v, (1)Σ(+)) with a …8π(4)4δ(4)17σ(2)9π(4)18σ(2) valence configuration. Detachments from all the five valence orbitals of the ground state of AuC2(-) are observed at 193 nm. High-resolution PE images are obtained in the energy range from 830 to 330 nm, revealing complicated vibronic structures from electron detachment of the 18σ, 9π, and 17σ orbitals. Detachment from the 18σ orbital results in the (2)Σ(+) ground state of neutral AuC2, which, however, is bent due to strong vibronic coupling with the nearby (2)Π state from detachment of a 9π electron. The (2)Σ(+)-(2)Π vibronic and spin-orbit coupling results in complicated vibronic structures for the (2)Σ(+) and (2)Π3/2 states with extensive bending excitations. The electron affinity of AuC2 is measured accurately to be 3.2192(7) eV with a ground state bending frequency of 195(6) cm(-1). The first excited state ((2)A') of AuC2, corresponding to the (2)Π3/2 state at the linear geometry, is only 0.0021 eV above the ground state ((2)A') and has a bending frequency of 207(6) cm(-1). The (2)Π1/2 state, 0.2291 eV above the ground state, is linear with little geometry change relative to the anion ground state. The detachment of the 17σ orbital also results in complicated vibronic structures, suggesting again a bent state due to possible vibronic coupling with the lower (2)Π state. The spectrum at 193 nm shows the presence of a minor species with less than 2% intensity relative to the ground state of AuC2(-). High-resolution data of the minor species reveal several vibrational progressions in the Au-C stretching mode, which are assigned to be from the metastable (3)Π2,1,0 spin-orbit excited states of AuC2(-) to the (2)Π3/2,1/2 spin-orbit states of neutral AuC2. The spin-orbit splittings of the (3)Π and (2)Π states are accurately measured at the linear geometry. The current study provides a wealth of electronic structure information about AuC2(-) and AuC2, which are ideal systems to investigate the strong Σ-Π and spin-orbit vibronic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Sanov A. Laboratory-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions in Anion Photodetachment: Insight into Electronic Structure and Intermolecular Interactions. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:341-63. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041;
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Bartels C, Hock C, Kuhnen R, Issendorff BV. Photoelectron Imaging Spectroscopy of the Small Sodium Cluster Anions Na3–, Na5–, and Na7–. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8270-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5010902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Bartels
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Hock
- Physikalisches
Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Kuhnen
- Physikalisches
Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Roberts GM, Stavros VG. The role of πσ* states in the photochemistry of heteroaromatic biomolecules and their subunits: insights from gas-phase femtosecond spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Verlet JRR, Horke DA, Chatterley AS. Excited states of multiply-charged anions probed by photoelectron imaging: riding the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15043-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress towards understanding the repulsive Coulomb barrier in multiply-charged anion using photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
- DESY
- 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Culberson LM, Wallace AA, Blackstone CC, Khuseynov D, Sanov A. Spectroscopy of the breaking bond: the diradical intermediate of the ring opening in oxazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3964-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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