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Plomp V, Gao Z, Cremers T, Besemer M, van de Meerakker SYT. High-resolution imaging of molecular collisions using a Zeeman decelerator. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:091103. [PMID: 33480725 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first crossed beam scattering experiment using a Zeeman decelerated molecular beam. The narrow velocity spreads of Zeeman decelerated NO (X2Π3/2, j = 3/2) radicals result in high-resolution scattering images, thereby fully resolving quantum diffraction oscillations in the angular scattering distribution for inelastic NO-Ne collisions and product-pair correlations in the radial scattering distribution for inelastic NO-O2 collisions. These measurements demonstrate similar resolution and sensitivity as in experiments using Stark decelerators, opening up possibilities for controlled and low-energy scattering experiments using chemically relevant species such as H and O atoms, O2 molecules, or NH radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Plomp
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Gao
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Cremers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Besemer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Onvlee J, Vogels SN, van de Meerakker SYT. Unraveling Cold Molecular Collisions: Stark Decelerators in Crossed-Beam Experiments. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3583-3595. [PMID: 27471830 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, enormous progress has been made in the manipulation of molecular beams. In particular, molecular decelerators have been developed with which advanced control over neutral molecules in a beam can be achieved. By using arrays of inhomogeneous and time-varying electric (or magnetic) fields, bunches of molecules can be produced with a tunable velocity, narrow velocity spreads, and almost perfect quantum-state purity. These monochromatic or "tamed" molecular beams are ideally suited to be used in crossed-molecular-beam scattering experiments. Here, we review the first generation of these "cold and controlled" scattering experiments that have been conducted in the last decade and discuss the prospects for this emerging field of research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolijn Onvlee
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd N Vogels
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Ploenes L, Haas D, Zhang D, van de Meerakker SYT, Willitsch S. Cold and intense OH radical beam sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053305. [PMID: 27250412 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and performance of two supersonic radical beam sources: a conventional pinhole-discharge source and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source, both based on the Nijmegen pulsed valve. Both designs have been characterized by discharging water molecules seeded in the rare gases Ar, Kr, or Xe. The resulting OH radicals have been detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The measured OH densities are (3.0 ± 0.6) × 10(11) cm(-3) and (1.0 ± 0.5) × 10(11) cm(-3) for the pinhole-discharge and DBD sources, respectively. The beam profiles for both radical sources show a relative longitudinal velocity spread of about 10%. The absolute rotational ground state population of the OH beam generated from the pinhole-discharge source has been determined to be more than 98%. The DBD source even produces a rotationally colder OH beam with a population of the ground state exceeding 99%. For the DBD source, addition of O2 molecules to the gas mixture increases the OH beam density by a factor of about 2.5, improves the DBD valve stability, and allows to tune the mean velocity of the radical beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Ploenes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Haas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Willitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Sugawara K, Ito F, Nakanaga T, Takeo H. Infrared Diode Laser Study of Product Energy Distribution in the F+OCS Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19950990316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Costes M, Naulin C. Integral and differential cross sections of reactions relevant to astrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9154-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c003656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Khachatrian A, Dagdigian PJ. Rotationally inelastic collisions of CN(A(2)Pi) with small molecules. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13390-4. [PMID: 19405498 DOI: 10.1021/jp901925s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An optical-optical double resonance technique has been utilized to investigate rotational energy transfer of selected rotational/fine-structure levels of CN(A(2)Pi, v = 3) in collisions with the molecular partners CO(2) and CH(4). Total removal rate constants for several rotational/fine-structure levels were measured for both collision partners. State-to-state relative rate constants were determined for several initial levels. These show a strikingly strong collisional propensity to conserve the fine-structure/Lambda-doublet label, akin to our previous observations with the N(2) collision partner. The possible origin of this propensity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Khachatrian
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2685, USA
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Tsai MT, Tsai PY, Alexander MH, Lin KC. Spin-Resolved Rotational Energy Transfer for the CH B2Σ−(v=0, N, F) State by Collisions with Ar. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:572-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Miller S, Clary D, Kliesch A, Werner HJ. Rotationally inelastic and bound state dynamics of H2-OH(X2Π). Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979400101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kerenskaya G, Schnupf U, Basinger WH, Heaven MC. Spectroscopic and theoretical characterization of the AΔ2-XΠ2 transition of CH–Ne. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:054304. [PMID: 16108636 DOI: 10.1063/1.1946747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2delta-X2pi transition of CH-Ne was examined using laser-induced fluorescence and fluorescence depletion techniques. The spectrum was found to be particularly congested due to the large number of bound states derived from the CH(A,n=2)+Ne interaction, and the small energy spacings between these states resulting from the relatively weak anisotropy of the van der Waals bond. High-level ab initio calculations were used to generate two-dimensional potential energy surfaces for CH(X)-Ne and CH(A)-Ne. The equilibrium structures from these surfaces were bent and linear for the X and A states, respectively. Variational calculations were used to predict the bound states supported by the ab initio surfaces. Empirical modification of the potential energy surfaces for the A state was used to obtain energy-level predictions that were in good agreement with the experimental results. Transitions to all of the optically accessible internal rotor states of CH(A,n=2)-Ne were identified, indicating that CH performs hindered internal rotations in the lowest-energy levels of the A and X states. The characteristics of the potential energy surfaces for CH-Ne in the X,A,B, and C states suggest that dispersion and exchange repulsion forces dominate the van der Waals interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Kerenskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Shiu W, Lin JJ, Liu K, Wu M, Parker DH. Imaging the pair-correlated excitation function: The F+CH4→HF(v′)+CH3(ν=0) reaction. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:117-22. [PMID: 15267267 DOI: 10.1063/1.1629668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The velocity map ion imaging technique was applied to measure the reaction excitation function for the first time. It was found that the "raw" excitation function was significantly distorted by the density-to-flux transformation of the title reaction. Through a systematic investigation, possible reasons for such a dramatic effect are outlined. In addition, the state-resolved, pair-correlated excitation functions and branching ratios are presented. Effects of imperfect time slicing in the time-sliced velocity imaging technique in general are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Shiu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Ben Abdallah D, Jaidane N, Ben Lakhdar Z, Spielfiedel A, Feautrier N. Inelastic collision cross sections of CH(X 2Π) with He(1S) on new ab initio surfaces. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1533010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Geppert WD, Naulin C, Costes M. Crossed-beam study of the C(3PJ)+C2D2(X1Σg+)→C3D+D(2S1/2) reaction between 4 and 240 meV relative translational energy. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Nizamov B, Dagdigian PJ. Experimental study of rotationally inelastic collisions of AlH(A 1Π) with Ar: State-to-state rate constants and Λ-doublet propensities. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1288174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
▪ Abstract This article reviews recent progress in our understanding of gas-phase neutral reaction dynamics as made possible by improvements in the crossed molecular beam scattering technique for measuring reactive differential cross sections. A selection of crossed-beam studies on systems that play a fundamental role in our basic understanding of reaction phenomena are discussed to illustrate the capabilities of the experimental method. The examples include benchmark atom-diatom abstraction and insertion reactions, and four-atom radical reactions for which state-to-state, state-resolved, or state-averaged differential cross sections have recently been measured. The results are discussed in the light of the latest related theoretical developments regarding the treatment of potential energy surfaces and the dynamics of the systems. Recent results on crossed-beam studies of chemically relevant reactions of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are also reviewed, and the latest developments in the technique are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casavecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Kim Y, Fleniken J, Meyer H. Two-photon spectroscopy of the (n,3s) Rydberg transition in acetaldehyde: The torsional sequence. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Fernández JA, Puyuelo P, Husain D, Sánchez Rayo MN, Castaño F. Removal rates for the collisional quenching of various vibronic levels of ground state NCO by simple molecules (N2, O2, NO, CO2, N2O, and SO2). J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Low RJ, Brookes MD, Whitham CJ, Howard BJ. A high resolution spectroscopic study of the open‐shell complex ArNO2. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lai L, Chiu Y, Liu K. Rotationally inelastic scattering of NCO(X̃ 2Π)+Ar: Mass effects. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Basinger WH, Lawrence WG, Heaven MC. Fluorescence depletion spectroscopy of the CH/D–Ne B 2Σ−–X 2Π transition. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Inelastic scattering of NO(2Π) with atomic and molecular colliders. Rotational and fine-structure excitations. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00118-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Dubernet M, Hutson JM. Atom–molecule van der Waals complexes containing open‐shell atoms. I. General theory and bending levels. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wagner AF, Dunning TH, Kok RA. Theoretical studies of He(1S)+CH(X 2Π). I. Ab initio potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Alexander MH, Kearney WR, Wagner AF. Theoretical studies of He(1S)+CH(X 2Π). II. Fullyabinitiocross sections for the inelastic scattering and comparison with experiment. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Basinger WH, Schnupf U, Heaven MC. Electronic spectroscopy and dynamics of the CH/D–Ne Van der Waals complex. Faraday Discuss 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/fd9949700351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Macdonald RG, Liu K. The dynamical Renner–Teller effect. III. Rovibronic energy transfer pathways in the NCO(X̃ 2Π)+He system. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Macdonald RG, Liu K. The dynamical Renner–Teller effect. II. Rotationally inelastic scattering of NCO(X̃ 2Π,0010)+He. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lin Y, Fei S, Zheng X, Heaven MC. Electronic spectroscopy and relaxation dynamics of OH–Ne and OD–Ne. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Fine-structure population distributions of O(3Pj) in the H + O2 reaction and the photolysis of NO2. Chem Phys Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(91)85122-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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