1
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Uenishi R, Boyer A, Karashima S, Humeniuk A, Suzuki T. Signatures of Conical Intersections in Extreme Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Furan Measured with 15 fs Time Resolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2222-2227. [PMID: 38373287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast internal conversion of furan upon deep UV excitation at 200 nm is studied by using extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a time resolution of 15 fs. Ballistic nuclear wavepacket motion from the 1B2(ππ*) state to the ground state is fully observed using 21.7 eV probe pulses. Through the performance of a comparison with the results of electronic structure calculations at the MS(3)-CASPT2(10,10)/cc-pVTZ level of theory, the photoelectron signals from the conical intersection regions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uenishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alexie Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shutaro Karashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alexander Humeniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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Figueira Nunes JP, Ibele LM, Pathak S, Attar AR, Bhattacharyya S, Boll R, Borne K, Centurion M, Erk B, Lin MF, Forbes RJG, Goff N, Hansen CS, Hoffmann M, Holland DMP, Ingle RA, Luo D, Muvva SB, Reid AH, Rouzée A, Rudenko A, Saha SK, Shen X, Venkatachalam AS, Wang X, Ware MR, Weathersby SP, Wilkin K, Wolf TJA, Xiong Y, Yang J, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D, Curchod BFE. Monitoring the Evolution of Relative Product Populations at Early Times during a Photochemical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4134-4143. [PMID: 38317439 PMCID: PMC10870701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Identifying multiple rival reaction products and transient species formed during ultrafast photochemical reactions and determining their time-evolving relative populations are key steps toward understanding and predicting photochemical outcomes. Yet, most contemporary ultrafast studies struggle with clearly identifying and quantifying competing molecular structures/species among the emerging reaction products. Here, we show that mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction in combination with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations offer a powerful route to determining time-resolved populations of the various isomeric products formed after UV (266 nm) excitation of the five-membered heterocyclic molecule 2(5H)-thiophenone. This strategy provides experimental validation of the predicted high (∼50%) yield of an episulfide isomer containing a strained three-membered ring within ∼1 ps of photoexcitation and highlights the rapidity of interconversion between the rival highly vibrationally excited photoproducts in their ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Maria Ibele
- CNRS,
Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université
Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 9140, France
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Andrew R. Attar
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Kurtis Borne
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Martin Centurion
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches
Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ruaridh J. G. Forbes
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nathan Goff
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Matthias Hoffmann
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Rebecca A. Ingle
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Duan Luo
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sri Bhavya Muvva
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander H. Reid
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Sajib Kumar Saha
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Anbu Selvam Venkatachalam
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matt R. Ware
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Kyle Wilkin
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yanwei Xiong
- University
of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R.
Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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3
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Schewe HC, Credidio B, Ghrist AM, Malerz S, Ozga C, Knie A, Haak H, Meijer G, Winter B, Osterwalder A. Imaging of Chemical Kinetics at the Water-Water Interface in a Free-Flowing Liquid Flat-Jet. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7790-7795. [PMID: 35471014 PMCID: PMC9073938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present chemical kinetics measurements of the luminol oxidation chemiluminescence (CL) reaction at the interface between two aqueous solutions, using liquid jet technology. Free-flowing liquid microjets are a relatively recent development that have found their way into a growing number of applications in spectroscopy and dynamics. A variant thereof, called flat-jet, is obtained when two cylindrical jets of a liquid are crossed, leading to a chain of planar leaf-shaped structures of the flowing liquid. We here show that in the first leaf of this chain, the fluids do not exhibit turbulent mixing, providing a clean interface between the liquids from the impinging jets. We also show, using the example of the luminol CL reaction, how this setup can be used to obtain kinetics information from friction-less flow and by circumventing the requirement for rapid mixing by intentionally suppressing all turbulent mixing and instead relying on diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christian Schewe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Credidio
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M Ghrist
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Sebastian Malerz
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Ozga
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Henrik Haak
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Osterwalder
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Teramoto T, Minemoto S, Majima T, Mizuno T, Mun JH, Yagishita A, Decleva P, Tsuru S. Basic studies toward ultrafast soft x-ray photoelectron diffraction; its application to probing local structure in iodobenzene molecules. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:024303. [PMID: 35496382 PMCID: PMC9050171 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast x-ray photoelectron diffraction (UXPD) for free molecules has a promising potential to probe the local structures of the molecules in an element-specific fashion. Our UXPD scheme consists of three steps: (1) near-infrared laser (NIR) with ns pulse duration aligns sample molecules, (2) ultra-violet laser with fs pulse duration pumps the aligned molecules, and (3) soft x-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL) with fs pulse duration probes the molecules by measuring x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) profiles. Employing steps of (1) and (3), we have measured I 3d XPD profiles from ground state iodobenzene aligned by the NIR laser with the SXFEL. Then, we have intensively calculated I 3d XPD profiles with density functional theory, taking degrees of alignments of the molecules into account, to extract a distance between C and I atoms in iodobenzene from the experimental I 3d XPD profiles. Although we have failed to determine the distance from the comparison between the experimental and theoretical results, we have succeeded in concluding that the degeneracies of the initial state eliminate the sensitivity on molecular structure in the I 3d XPD profiles. Thus, the observation of fine structures in the XPD profiles could be expected, if a nondegenerate molecular orbital is selected for a probe of UXPD. Finally, we have summarized our criteria to perform UXPD successfully: (1) to use SXFEL, (2) to prepare sample molecules with the degree of alignment higher than 0.8, and (3) to select a photoemission process from a nondegenerate inner-shell orbital of sample molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Teramoto
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S. Minemoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T. Majima
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - T. Mizuno
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - J. H. Mun
- Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - A. Yagishita
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - P. Decleva
- CNR IOM and DSCF, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Tsuru
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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5
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Ammar A, Ancarani LU, Leclerc A. A complex Gaussian approach to molecular photoionization. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:2294-2305. [PMID: 34655091 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We develop and implement a Gaussian approach to calculate partial cross-sections and asymmetry parameters for molecular photoionization. Optimal sets of complex Gaussian-type orbitals (cGTOs) are first obtained by nonlinear optimization, to best fit sets of Coulomb or distorted continuum wave functions for relevant orbital quantum numbers. This allows us to represent the radial wavefunction for the outgoing electron with accurate cGTO expansions. Within a time-independent partial wave approach, we show that all the necessary transition integrals become analytical, in both length and velocity gauges, thus facilitating the numerical evaluation of photoionization observables. Illustrative results, presented for NH3 and H2 O within a one-active-electron monocentric model, validate numerically the proposed strategy based on a complex Gaussian representation of continuum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ammar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Lorenzo Ugo Ancarani
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Arnaud Leclerc
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
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6
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Robinson D, Alarfaji SS, Hirst JD. Benzene, Toluene, and Monosubstituted Derivatives: Diabatic Nature of the Oscillator Strengths of S 1 ← S 0 Transitions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5237-5245. [PMID: 34132093 PMCID: PMC8279645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For benzene, toluene, aniline, fluorobenzene, and phenol, even sophisticated treatments of electron correlation, such as MRCI and XMS-CASPT2 calculations, show oscillator strengths typically lower than experiment. Inclusion of a simple pseudo-diabatization approach to perturb the S1 state with approximate vibronic coupling to the S2 state for each molecule results in more accurate oscillator strengths. Their absolute values agree better with experiment for all molecules except aniline. When the coupling between the S1 and S2 states is strong at the S0 geometry, the simple diabatization scheme performs less well with respect to the oscillator strengths relative to the adiabatic values. However, we expect the scheme to be useful in many cases where the coupling is weak to moderate (where the maximum component of the coupling has a magnitude less than 1.5 au). Such calculations give an insight into the effects of vibronic coupling of excited states on UV/vis spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United
Kingdom
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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7
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Chakraborty P, Liu Y, McClung S, Weinacht T, Matsika S. Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy as a Test of Electronic Structure and Nonadiabatic Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5099-5104. [PMID: 34028278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We compare different levels of theory for simulating excited state molecular dynamics and use time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements to benchmark the theory. We perform trajectory surface hopping simulations for uracil excited to the first bright state (ππ*) using three different levels of theory (CASSCF, MRCIS, and XMS-CASPT2) in order to understand the role of dynamical correlation in determining the excited state dynamics, with a focus on the coupling between different electronic states and internal conversion back to the ground state. These dynamics calculations are used to simulate the time-resolved photoelectron spectra. The comparison of the calculated and measured spectra allows us to draw conclusions regarding the relative insights and quantitative accuracy of the calculations at the three different levels of theory, demonstrating that detailed quantitative comparisons of time-resolved photoelectron spectra can be used to benchmark methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Samuel McClung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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8
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Kotsina N, Townsend D. Improved insights in time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10736-10755. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review new light source developments and data analysis considerations relevant to the time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique. Case studies illustrate how these themes may enhance understanding in studies of excited state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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9
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Liu Y, Rozgonyi T, Marquetand P, Weinacht T. Excited-state dynamics of CH 2I 2 and CH 2IBr studied with UV-pump VUV-probe momentum-resolved photoion spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184304. [PMID: 33187419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform time-resolved ionization spectroscopy measurements of the excited state dynamics of CH2I2 and CH2IBr following photoexcitation in the deep UV. The fragment ions produced by ionization with a vacuum-ultraviolet probe pulse are measured with velocity map imaging, and the momentum resolved yields are compared with trajectory surface hopping calculations of the measurement observable. Together with recent time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the same dynamics, these results provide a detailed picture of the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics involved. Our measurements highlight the non-adiabatic coupling between electronic states, which leads to notable differences in the dissociation dynamics for the two molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Tamás Rozgonyi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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10
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Liu Y, Chakraborty P, Matsika S, Weinacht T. Excited state dynamics of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene: UV pump VUV probe time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074301. [PMID: 32828099 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present UV pump, vacuum ultraviolet probe time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the excited state dynamics of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene. A 4.75 eV deep UV pump pulse launches a vibrational wave packet on the first electronically excited state, and the ensuing dynamics are probed via ionization using a 7.92 eV probe pulse. The experimental results indicate that the wave packet undergoes rapid internal conversion to the ground state in under 100 fs. Comparing the measurements with electronic structure and trajectory surface hopping calculations, we are able to interpret the features in the measured photoelectron spectra in terms of ionization to several states of the molecular cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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11
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Tracking the ultraviolet-induced photochemistry of thiophenone during and after ultrafast ring opening. Nat Chem 2020; 12:795-800. [PMID: 32690894 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced isomerization reactions lie at the heart of many chemical processes in nature. The mechanisms of such reactions are determined by a delicate interplay of coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics occurring on the femtosecond scale, followed by the slower redistribution of energy into different vibrational degrees of freedom. Here we apply time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a seeded extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser to trace the ultrafast ring opening of gas-phase thiophenone molecules following ultraviolet photoexcitation. When combined with ab initio electronic structure and molecular dynamics calculations of the excited- and ground-state molecules, the results provide insights into both the electronic and nuclear dynamics of this fundamental class of reactions. The initial ring opening and non-adiabatic coupling to the electronic ground state are shown to be driven by ballistic S-C bond extension and to be complete within 350 fs. Theory and experiment also enable visualization of the rich ground-state dynamics that involve the formation of, and interconversion between, ring-opened isomers and the cyclic structure, as well as fragmentation over much longer timescales.
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12
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Moitra T, Ponzi A, Koch H, Coriani S, Decleva P. Accurate Description of Photoionization Dynamical Parameters. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5330-5337. [PMID: 32501713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Calculation of dynamical parameters for photoionization requires an accurate description of the initial and final states of the system, as well as of the outgoing electron. We show that using a linear combination of atomic orbitals B-spline density functional theory (DFT) method to describe the outgoing electron, in combination with correlated equation of motion coupled cluster singles and double Dyson orbitals, gives good agreement with experiment and outperforms other simpler approaches, like plane and Coulomb waves, used to describe the photoelectron. Results are presented for cross-sections, angular distributions, and dichroic parameters in chiral molecules, as well as for photoionization from excited states. We also present a comparison with the results obtained using Hartree-Fock and DFT molecular orbitals selected according to Koopmans' theorem for the bound states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aurora Ponzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institut Rud̵er Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Henrik Koch
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34121 Trieste, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Intriguing properties of photoemission from free, unsupported particles and droplets were predicted nearly 50 years ago, though experiments were a technical challenge. The last few decades have seen a surge of research in the field, due to advances in aerosol technology (generation, characterization, and transfer into vacuum), the development of photoelectron imaging spectrometers, and advances in vacuum ultraviolet and ultrafast light sources. Particles and droplets offer several advantages for photoemission studies. For example, photoemission spectra are dependent on the particle's size, shape, and composition, providing a wealth of information that allows for the retrieval of genuine electronic properties of condensed phase. In this review, with a focus on submicrometer-sized, dielectric particles and droplets, we explain the utility of photoemission from such systems, summarize several applications from the literature, and present some thoughts on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Ban
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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14
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Nishitani J, Karashima S, West CW, Suzuki T. Surface potential of liquid microjet investigated using extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:144503. [PMID: 32295374 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy of a liquid microjet requires careful energy calibration against electrokinetic charging of the microjet. For minimizing the error from this calibration procedure, Kurahashi et al. previously suggested optimization of an electrolyte concentration in aqueous solutions [Kurahashi et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 174506 (2014)]. More recently, Olivieri et al. proposed an alternative method of applying a variable external voltage on the liquid microjet [Olivieri et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 29506 (2016)]. In this study, we examined these two methods of calibration using extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy with a magnetic bottle time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer. We confirmed that the latter method flattens the vacuum level potential around the microjet, similar to the former method, while we found that the applied voltage energy-shifts the entire spectrum. Thus, careful energy recalibration is indispensable after the application of an external voltage for accurate measurements. It is also pointed out that electric conductivity of liquid on the order of 1 mS/cm is required for stable application of an external voltage. Therefore, both methods need a similar concentration of an electrolyte. Using the calibration method proposed by Olivieri et al., Perry et al. have recently revised the vertical ionization energy of liquid water to be 11.67(15) eV [Perry et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 1789 (2020)], which is 0.4 eV higher than the previously estimated value. While the source of this discrepancy is still unclear, we estimate that their calibration method possibly leaves uncertainty on the order of 0.1 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shutaro Karashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Christopher W West
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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15
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West CW, Nishitani J, Higashimura C, Suzuki T. Extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous aniline solution: enhanced surface concentration and pump-induced space charge effect. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1748240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. West
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chika Higashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Varras PC, Gritzapis PS, Siskos MG. On the Problem of Multiple Minima on the S2 Excited Potential Energy Surface of Benzene: A Restricted Active Space Self Consistent Field Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis C. Varras
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Panagiotis S. Gritzapis
- Molecular Biology and Genetics DepartmentDemocritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis GR-68100 Greece
| | - Michael G. Siskos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece
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17
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Adachi S, Suzuki T. Methyl substitution effects on the non-adiabatic dynamics of benzene: lifting three-state quasi-degeneracy at conical intersections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2814-2818. [PMID: 31960867 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, theoretical calculations on the non-adiabatic dynamics of benzene from the S2 state have indicated that the S2/S1 and S1/S0 conical intersections (CIs) facilitate ballistic nuclear wavepacket motion from S2 to S0 (fast channel) and branching to S1 (slow channel). In this paper, we present time-resolved photoelectron spectra of benzene and its methyl-derivatives (toluene and o-xylene) measured with a vacuum-UV laser, which clearly reveal both the fast and slow channels. The extremely short propagation time of the wavepacket between the two CIs of benzene indicates that the two are in close proximity to each other, while methyl substitution extends the propagation time and decreases the branching ratio into the fast channel. The results suggest that the quasi-degeneracy of the three states in benzene is lifted by the geometrical shifts of the CIs by methyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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18
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Kotsina N, Candelaresi M, Saalbach L, Zawadzki MM, Crane SW, Sparling C, Townsend D. Short-wavelength probes in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: an extended view of the excited state dynamics in acetylacetone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4647-4658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a vacuum ultraviolet probe brings new insight to the excited state dynamics operating in acetylacetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Marco Candelaresi
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Chris Sparling
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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19
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Erickson BA, Heim ZN, Pieri E, Liu E, Martinez TJ, Neumark DM. Relaxation Dynamics of Hydrated Thymine, Thymidine, and Thymidine Monophosphate Probed by Liquid Jet Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10676-10684. [PMID: 31756106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of thymine and its derivatives thymidine and thymidine monophosphate are studied using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy applied to a water microjet. Two absorption bands are studied; the first is a bright ππ* state which is populated using tunable-ultraviolet light in the range 4.74-5.17 eV and probed using a 6.20 eV probe pulse. By reversing the order of these pulses, a band containing multiple ππ* states is populated by the 6.20 eV pulse and the lower energy pulse serves as the probe. The lower lying ππ* state is found to decay in ∼400 fs in both thymine and thymidine independent of pump photon energy, while thymidine monophosphate decays vary from 670 to 840 fs with some pump energy dependence. The application of a computational quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical scheme at the XMS-CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER level of theory suggests that conformational differences existing between thymidine and thymidine monophosphate in solution account for this difference. The higher lying ππ* band is found to decay in ∼600 fs in all three cases, but it is only able to be characterized when the 5.17 eV probe pulse is used. Notably, no long-lived signal from an nπ* state can be identified in either experiment on any of the three molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A Erickson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Zachary N Heim
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Elisa Pieri
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Erica Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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20
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Riley JW, Wang B, Parkes MA, Fielding HH. Design and characterization of a recirculating liquid-microjet photoelectron spectrometer for multiphoton ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083104. [PMID: 31472605 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new recirculating liquid-microjet photoelectron spectrometer for multiphoton ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is described. A recirculating system is essential for studying samples that are only available in relatively small quantities. The reduction in background pressure when using the recirculating system compared to a liquid-nitrogen cold-trap results in a significant improvement in the quality of the photoelectron spectra. Moreover, the recirculating system results in a negligible streaming potential. The instrument design, operation, and characterization are described in detail, and its performance is illustrated by comparing a photoelectron spectrum of aqueous phenol recorded using the recirculating system with one recorded using a liquid nitrogen cold-trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie W Riley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bingxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Parkes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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21
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Marciniak A, Yamazaki K, Maeda S, Reduzzi M, Despré V, Hervé M, Meziane M, Niehaus TA, Loriot V, Kuleff AI, Schindler B, Compagnon I, Sansone G, Lépine F. Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Cascade and Subsequent Photofragmentation of Extreme Ultraviolet Excited Caffeine Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6927-6933. [PMID: 30444124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast XUV chemistry is offering new opportunities to decipher the complex dynamics taking place in highly excited molecular states and thus better understand fundamental natural phenomena as molecule formation in interstellar media. We used ultrashort XUV light pulses to perform XUV pump-IR probe experiments in caffeine as a model of prebiotic molecule. We observed a 40 fs decay of excited cationic states. Guided by quantum calculations, this time scale is interpreted in terms of a nonadiabatic cascade through a large number of highly correlated states. This shows that the correlation driven nonadiabatic relaxation seems to be a general process for highly excited states, which might impact our understanding of molecular processing in interstellar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marciniak
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- Institute for Materials Research , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Maurizio Reduzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico Piazza , Leonardo da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Victor Despré
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Marius Hervé
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Mehdi Meziane
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Thomas A Niehaus
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Vincent Loriot
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Alexander I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- ELI-ALPS , Budapesti út 5 , H-6728 Szeged , Hungary
| | - Baptiste Schindler
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
- Institut Universitaire de France IUF , 103 Blvd St. Michel , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Guiseppe Sansone
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico Piazza , Leonardo da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , Italy
- Physikalisches Institute , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan Meier Straße 19 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Franck Lépine
- Institut Lumière Matière , Universite Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS , F-69622 , VILLEURBANNE , France
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22
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Williams HL, Erickson BA, Neumark DM. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate photodeactivation dynamics in water microjets. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194303. [PMID: 30307253 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited state relaxation dynamics of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate were studied at multiple excitation energies using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in a liquid water microjet. At pump energies of 4.69-4.97 eV, the lowest ππ* excited state, S1, was accessed and its decay dynamics were probed via ionization at 6.20 eV. By reversing the role of the pump and probe lasers, a higher-lying ππ* state was excited at 6.20 eV and its time-evolving photoelectron spectrum was monitored at probe energies of 4.69-4.97 eV. The S1 ππ* excited state was found to decay with a lifetime ranging from ∼210 to 250 fs in adenosine and ∼220 to 250 fs in adenosine monophosphate. This lifetime drops with increasing pump photon energy. Signal from the higher-lying ππ* excited state decayed on a time scale of ∼320 fs and was measureable only in adenosine monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Blake A Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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23
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Fielding HH, Worth GA. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to unravel the electronic relaxation dynamics of photoexcited molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:309-321. [PMID: 29168864 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements combined with quantum chemistry and dynamics calculations allow unprecedented insight into the electronic relaxation mechanisms of photoexcited molecules in the gas-phase. In this Tutorial Review, we explain the essential concepts linking photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with electronic structure and how key features on the potential energy landscape are identified using quantum chemistry and quantum dynamics calculations. We illustrate how time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and theory work together using examples ranging in complexity from the prototypical organic molecule benzene to a pyrrole dimer bound by a weak N-Hπ interaction and the green fluorescent protein chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Graham A Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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24
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Adachi S, Kohguchi H, Suzuki T. Unravelling the Electronic State of NO 2 Product in Ultrafast Photodissociation of Nitromethane. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:270-273. [PMID: 29257692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary photochemical reaction of nitromethane (NM) after ππ* excitation is known to be C-N bond cleavage (CH3NO2 + hν → CH3 + NO2). On the other hand, NO2 can be formed in both the ground and excited states, and identification of the electronic state of the NO2 product has been a central subject in the experimental and theoretical studies. Here we present time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using vacuum-ultraviolet probe pulses to observe all transient electronic states of NM and the reaction products. The result indicates that ultrafast internal conversion occurs down to S1 and S0 within 24 fs, and the dissociation proceeds on the S1 surface (τdiss ≲ 50 fs), leading to comparable product yields of NO2(A) and NO2(X). The overall dissociation quantum yield within our observation time window (<2 ps) is estimated to be 0.29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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25
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Nishitani J, West CW, Higashimura C, Suzuki T. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules using 42-nm vacuum ultraviolet laser based on high harmonics generation. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Time-resolved photoelectron signals from bifurcating electron wavepackets propagated across conical intersection in path-branching dynamics. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Nishitani J, West CW, Suzuki T. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of liquid water at 29.5 eV. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044014. [PMID: 28405592 PMCID: PMC5384855 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of liquid water was performed using extreme ultraviolet radiation at 29.5 eV and a time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer. SiC/Mg coated mirrors were employed to select the single-order 19th harmonic from laser high harmonics, which provided a constant photon flux for different laser polarizations. The instrument was tested by measuring photoemission anisotropy for rare gases and water molecules and applied to a microjet of an aqueous NaI solution. The solute concentration was adjusted to eliminate an electric field gradient around the microjet. The observed photoelectron spectra were analyzed considering contributions from liquid water, water vapor, and an isotropic background. The anisotropy parameters of the valence bands (1b1, 3a1, and 1b2) of liquid water are considerably smaller than those of gaseous water, which is primarily attributed to electron scattering in liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Christopher W West
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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28
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Luckhaus D, Yamamoto YI, Suzuki T, Signorell R. Genuine binding energy of the hydrated electron. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603224. [PMID: 28508051 PMCID: PMC5409453 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unknown influence of inelastic and elastic scattering of slow electrons in water has made it difficult to clarify the role of the solvated electron in radiation chemistry and biology. We combine accurate scattering simulations with experimental photoemission spectroscopy of the hydrated electron in a liquid water microjet, with the aim of resolving ambiguities regarding the influence of electron scattering on binding energy spectra, photoelectron angular distributions, and probing depths. The scattering parameters used in the simulations are retrieved from independent photoemission experiments of water droplets. For the ground-state hydrated electron, we report genuine values devoid of scattering contributions for the vertical binding energy and the anisotropy parameter of 3.7 ± 0.1 eV and 0.6 ± 0.2, respectively. Our probing depths suggest that even vacuum ultraviolet probing is not particularly surface-selective. Our work demonstrates the importance of quantitative scattering simulations for a detailed analysis of key properties of the hydrated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Luckhaus
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yo-ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Hartweg S, Yoder BL, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Signorell R. Size-Resolved Photoelectron Anisotropy of Gas Phase Water Clusters and Predictions for Liquid Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:103402. [PMID: 28339280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurements of size-resolved photoelectron angular distributions for the valence orbitals of neutral water clusters with up to 20 molecules. A systematic decrease of the photoelectron anisotropy is found for clusters with up to 5-6 molecules, and most remarkably, convergence of the anisotropy for larger clusters. We suggest the latter to be the result of a local short-range scattering potential that is fully described by a unit of 5-6 molecules. The cluster data and a detailed electron scattering model are used to predict the anisotropy of slow photoelectrons in liquid water. Reasonable agreement with experimental liquid jet data is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hartweg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Kotsina N, Townsend D. Relative detection sensitivity in ultrafast spectroscopy: state lifetime and laser pulse duration effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29409-29417. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05426b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited state lifetime and laser pulse duration have important implications for effective relative detection sensitivity in time-resolved spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
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31
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Galbraith MCE, Smeenk CTL, Reitsma G, Marciniak A, Despré V, Mikosch J, Zhavoronkov N, Vrakking MJJ, Kornilov O, Lépine F. XUV-induced reactions in benzene on sub-10 fs timescale: nonadiabatic relaxation and proton migration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19822-19828. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Short XUV pulses produce excited cationic states of benzene. Their dynamics are probed by few-cycle VIS/NIR pulses. Very fast τ ≈ 20 fs nonadiabatic processes dominate the relaxation. In the CH3+ fragmentation channel a non-trivial transient behaviour is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Reitsma
- Max-Born-Institut
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - A. Marciniak
- Institut Lumière Matière
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5306
- 10 rue Ada Byron
| | - V. Despré
- Institut Lumière Matière
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5306
- 10 rue Ada Byron
| | - J. Mikosch
- Max-Born-Institut
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | | | - O. Kornilov
- Max-Born-Institut
- Max-Born-Straße 2A
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - F. Lépine
- Institut Lumière Matière
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5306
- 10 rue Ada Byron
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32
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Anstöter CS, Bull JN, Verlet JR. Ultrafast dynamics of temporary anions probed through the prism of photodetachment. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2016.1203522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Horio T, Spesyvtsev R, Nagashima K, Ingle RA, Suzuki YI, Suzuki T. Full observation of ultrafast cascaded radiationless transitions from S2(ππ∗) state of pyrazine using vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4955296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Horio
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Roman Spesyvtsev
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rebecca A. Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshi-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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34
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Goel P, Nooijen M. A proposed new scheme for vibronically resolved time-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy: pump-repump-continuous wave-photoelectron spectroscopy (prp-cw-pes). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11263-77. [PMID: 27052895 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new scheme for time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy denoted as pump-repump-continuous wave-photoelectron spectroscopy (prp-cw-pes). This scheme is comprised of two femtosecond laser (pump) pulses under cw illumination (probe). By changing the time-delay between pump and repump lasers one can manipulate the populations of vibronic levels in electronic excited states. The cw laser acts on for a long time and establishes resonance between excited states and the continuum photo-ionized states. Sharp spectra can be obtained from the resonance condition [formula: see text]. The intensities in the spectra are sensitive to the time-delay between the pump-repump pulses, but only depend on the populations of excited states, not the phase relations (coherence). As a result, each time-delayed snapshot spectrum is a weighted sum of so-called fingerprints, where a fingerprint is the vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum for a single vibronic excited state. The latter information can potentially be simulated reliably using vibronic models and wave packet propagation methods. In the easiest application of the experiment, different time-delays produce different spectra, for a single molecular system. This wealth of experimental data can be fitted to an, ideally small, set of theoretical fingerprints by adjusting the populations as fitting parameters. This technique might be able to distinguish between closely related molecular species. Adopting a different viewpoint, the proposed scheme can also be employed to monitor the time-dependent dynamics by changing the phase relationship between the pump and repump laser that can be viewed as a "control mechanism" employed in wave packet interferometry. Simplifications arise as the change in the spectra is due to the changing populations, not because of the coherence. In this paper, we outline the ideas behind the scheme and illustrate the ideas theoretically using simple model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Goel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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35
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Carpenter BK, Harvey JN, Orr-Ewing AJ. The Study of Reactive Intermediates in Condensed Phases. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4695-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnen Laan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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36
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Stavros VG, Verlet JRR. Gas-Phase Femtosecond Particle Spectroscopy: A Bottom-Up Approach to Nucleotide Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:211-32. [PMID: 26980306 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We summarize how gas-phase ultrafast charged-particle spectroscopy has been used to provide an understanding of the photophysics of DNA building blocks. We focus on adenine and discuss how, following UV excitation, specific interactions determine the fates of its excited states. The dynamics can be probed using a systematic bottom-up approach that provides control over these interactions and that allows ever-larger complexes to be studied. Starting from a chromophore in adenine, the excited state decay mechanisms of adenine and chemically substituted or clustered adenine are considered and then extended to adenosine mono-, di-, and trinucleotides. We show that the gas-phase approach can offer exquisite insight into the dynamics observed in aqueous solution, but we also highlight stark differences. An outlook is provided that discusses some of the most promising developments in this bottom-up approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;
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37
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Ojeda J, Arrell CA, Grilj J, Frassetto F, Mewes L, Zhang H, van Mourik F, Poletto L, Chergui M. Harmonium: A pulse preserving source of monochromatic extreme ultraviolet (30-110 eV) radiation for ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:023602. [PMID: 26798833 PMCID: PMC4711517 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A tuneable repetition rate extreme ultraviolet source (Harmonium) for time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids is presented. High harmonic generation produces 30-110 eV photons, with fluxes ranging from ∼2 × 10(11) photons/s at 36 eV to ∼2 × 10(8) photons/s at 100 eV. Four different gratings in a time-preserving grating monochromator provide either high energy resolution (0.2 eV) or high temporal resolution (40 fs) between 30 and 110 eV. Laser assisted photoemission was used to measure the temporal response of the system. Vibrational progressions in gas phase water were measured demonstrating the ∼0.2 eV energy resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ojeda
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Grilj
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Frassetto
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN) , via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Mewes
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F van Mourik
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN) , via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Ponzi A, Sapunar M, Angeli C, Cimiraglia R, Došlić N, Decleva P. Photoionization of furan from the ground and excited electronic states. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Ponzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Sapunar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Celestino Angeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renzo Cimiraglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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39
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Yamamoto YI, Karashima S, Adachi S, Suzuki T. Wavelength Dependence of UV Photoemission from Solvated Electrons in Bulk Water, Methanol, and Ethanol. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1153-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yo-ichi Yamamoto
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shutaro Karashima
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Spesyvtsev R, Horio T, Suzuki YI, Suzuki T. Excited-state dynamics of furan studied by sub-20-fs time-resolved photoelectron imaging using 159-nm pulses. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:014302. [PMID: 26156478 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of furan were studied by time-resolved photoelectron imaging using a sub-20-fs deep UV (198 nm) and vacuum UV (159 nm) light source. The 198- and 159-nm pulses produce photoionization signals in both pump-probe and probe-pump pulse sequences. When the 198-nm pulse precedes the 159-nm pulse, it creates the (1)A2(3s) Rydberg and (1)B2(ππ(∗)) valence states, and the former decays exponentially with a time constant of about 20 fs whereas the latter exhibits more complex wave-packet dynamics. When the 159-nm pulse precedes the 198-nm pulse, a wave packet is created on the (1)A1(ππ(∗)) valence state, which rapidly disappears from the observation window owing to structural deformation. The 159-nm photoexcitation also creates the 3s and 3px,y Rydberg states non-adiabatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spesyvtsev
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Horio
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y-I Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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41
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Bright high-repetition-rate source of narrowband extreme-ultraviolet harmonics beyond 22 eV. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7459. [PMID: 26067922 PMCID: PMC4490359 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel table-top sources of extreme-ultraviolet light based on high-harmonic generation yield unique insight into the fundamental properties of molecules, nanomaterials or correlated solids, and enable advanced applications in imaging or metrology. Extending high-harmonic generation to high repetition rates portends great experimental benefits, yet efficient extreme-ultraviolet conversion of correspondingly weak driving pulses is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a highly-efficient source of femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses at 50-kHz repetition rate, utilizing the ultraviolet second-harmonic focused tightly into Kr gas. In this cascaded scheme, a photon flux beyond ≈3 × 1013 s−1 is generated at 22.3 eV, with 5 × 10−5 conversion efficiency that surpasses similar harmonics directly driven by the fundamental by two orders-of-magnitude. The enhancement arises from both wavelength scaling of the atomic dipole and improved spatio-temporal phase matching, confirmed by simulations. Spectral isolation of a single 72-meV-wide harmonic renders this bright, 50-kHz extreme-ultraviolet source a powerful tool for ultrafast photoemission, nanoscale imaging and other applications. Table-top extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) light sources with high repetition rates are sought for fundamental studies, metrology and imaging. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate the efficient generation of bright XUV harmonics at 50-kHz repetition rate, with very high photon flux and spectral definition.
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42
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Bartlett NCM, Ogi Y, Suzuki T. Ultrafast Photoelectron Imaging Using Tunable UV and Vacuum UV Pulses. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshinori Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
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43
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Bull JN, West CW, Verlet JRR. On the formation of anions: frequency-, angle-, and time-resolved photoelectron imaging of the menadione radical anion. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1578-1589. [PMID: 29560245 PMCID: PMC5811081 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency-, angle-, and time-resolved photoelectron imaging of gas-phase menadione (vitamin K3) radical anions was used to show that quasi-bound resonances of the anion can act as efficient doorway states to produce metastable ground electronic state anions on a sub-picosecond timescale. Several anion resonances have been experimentally observed and identified with the assistance of ab initio calculations, and ground state anion recovery was observed across the first 3 eV above threshold. Time-resolved measurements revealed the mechanism of electronic ground state anion formation, which first involves a cascade of very fast internal conversion processes to a bound electronic state that, in turn, decays by slower internal conversion to the ground state. Autodetachment processes from populated resonances are inefficient compared with electronic relaxation through internal conversion. The mechanistic understanding gained provides insight into the formation of radical anions in biological and astrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Bull
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , South Road , DH1 3LE , UK .
| | - Christopher W West
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , South Road , DH1 3LE , UK .
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , South Road , DH1 3LE , UK .
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44
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Zhang PY, Han KL. Reactant Coordinate Based State-to-State Reactive Scattering Dynamics Implemented on Graphical Processing Units. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8929-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Tomasello G, Humeniuk A, Mitrić R. Exploring Ultrafast Dynamics of Pyrazine by Time-Resolved Photoelectron Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8437-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5017328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Tomasello
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Humeniuk
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Wang H, Lu Z, Kong D, Sun J, Hymel TM, Cui Y. Electrochemical tuning of MoS2 nanoparticles on three-dimensional substrate for efficient hydrogen evolution. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5-13. [PMID: 24716529 DOI: 10.1021/nn4064538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with the two-dimensional layered structure has been widely studied as an advanced catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Intercalating guest species into the van der Waals gaps of MoS2 has been demonstrated as an effective approach to tune the electronic structure and consequently improve the HER catalytic activity. In this work, by constructing nanostructured MoS2 particles with largely exposed edge sites on the three-dimensional substrate and subsequently conducting Li electrochemical intercalation and exfoliation processes, an ultrahigh HER performance with 200 mA/cm(2) cathodic current density at only 200 mV overpotential is achieved. We propose that both the high surface area nanostructure and the 2H semiconducting to 1T metallic phase transition of MoS2 are responsible for the outstanding catalytic activity. Electrochemical stability test further confirms the long-term operation of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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47
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Yamamoto YI, Suzuki YI, Tomasello G, Horio T, Karashima S, Mitríc R, Suzuki T. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of hydrated electrons near a liquid water surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:187603. [PMID: 24856723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.187603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of trapped electrons near liquid surfaces. Photoemission from the ground state of a hydrated electron at 260 nm is found to be isotropic, while anisotropic photoemission is observed for the excited states of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and I- in aqueous solutions. Our results indicate that surface and subsurface species create hydrated electrons in the bulk side. No signature of a surface-bound electron has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshi-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Gaia Tomasello
- Institut für Physikalishce und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takuya Horio
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Shutaro Karashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Roland Mitríc
- Institut für Physikalishce und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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48
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Suzuki T. Nonadiabatic Electronic Dynamics in Isolated Molecules and in Solution Studied by Ultrafast Time–Energy Mapping of Photoelectron Distributions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN
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49
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Suzuki T. Ultrafast internal conversion of aromatic molecules studied by photoelectron spectroscopy using Sub-20 fs laser pulses. Molecules 2014; 19:2410-33. [PMID: 24566311 PMCID: PMC6271926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes our recent experimental studies on internal conversion via a conical intersection using photoelectron spectroscopy. Ultrafast S2(ππ*)-S1(nπ*) internal conversion in pyrazine is observed in real time using sub-20 fs deep ultraviolet pulses (264 and 198 nm). While the photoelectron kinetic energy distribution does not exhibit a clear signature of internal conversion, the photoelectron angular anisotropy unambiguously reveals the sudden change of electron configuration upon internal conversion. An explanation is presented as to why these two observables have different sensitivities to internal conversion. The 198 nm probe photon energy is insufficient for covering the entire Franck-Condon envelopes upon photoionization from S2/S1 to D1/D0. A vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (SCSS) producing 161 nm radiation is employed to solve this problem, while its pulse-to-pulse timing jitter limits the time resolution to about 1 ps. The S2-S1 internal conversion is revisited using the sub-20 fs 159 nm pulse created by filamentation four-wave mixing. Conical intersections between D1(π-1) and D0(n-1) and also between the Rydberg state with a D1 ion core and that with a D0 ion core of pyrazine are studied by He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy, pulsed field ionization photoelectron spectroscopy and one-color resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. Finally, ultrafast S2(ππ*)-S1(ππ*) internal conversion in benzene and toluene are compared with pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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50
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Spighi G, Gaveau MA, Mestdagh JM, Poisson L, Soep B. Gas phase dynamics of triplet formation in benzophenone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9610-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenone is a prototype molecule for photochemistry in the triplet state through its high triplet yield and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Spighi
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin
- CNRS URA 2453
- CEA
- IRAMIS
- Lidyl
| | | | | | | | - Benoît Soep
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin
- CNRS URA 2453
- CEA
- IRAMIS
- Lidyl
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